Barcode and RFID Based Security System

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Barcode and RFID Based Security System

K. Varsha, Jyoti Choudhary, Madhuri Kodgi, M. S Indira

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sir. MVIT, Bangalore-562157, Karnataka, India email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: This paper addresses a very common problem

encountered in day to day life which often remains an abstract thought. Often in colleges, students run a risk of misplacement or theft of their valuables. A security system was designed and developed for safety of the belongings of the students in the college. It includes the basic information, schematic, circuit diagram, technical details of the systems used like RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and Barcode system and design/test data of the developed security system. The assumptions made for the system to function and the specific requirements to be met are included in this paper.

Keywords: Electronic Article Surveillance, Atmega128A

Microcontroller, Barcode, Privacy, Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID), Security, Leds

I. I

NTRODUCTION

The developed model falls under the category of

Electronic article surveillance (EAS) [1], with special tags

being fixed to merchandise or books. At the exits of the store, a detection system sounds an alarm or otherwise alerts the staff when it senses active tags. Similarly, in the current project the RFID tags are fixed to the articles under surveillance, reader writer moduledetects the article and a microcontroller acts as a data comparison device and helps to raise an alarm.

Oftentimes, students run a risk of misplacement or theft of their valuables and other personal belongings. According to a report by Tech Crunch [2], US citizens, on average, lost one smart phone annually, which caused 30 billion dollar loss of money in 2012. Not just phones, but loss of personal belongings like wallets, may cause the loss of your driving license, cash and credit cards. Not to mention the prevalent theft of high end calculators in college campuses.

With this regard, A security system was designed and developed for safety of the belongings of the students in the college. Many alarm systems involving a wide range of technologies have been developed in the recent times. Some of these technologies include GPS systems, 2D Barcodes, Wireless sensors, RFID tags, GSM technology, and so on [3]-[8]. The present work utilises the RFID and Barcode technologies integrated together to propose a cost effective Security system for students.

II. D

ESCRIPTION OF

C

OMPONENTS

A. Radio frequency identification (RFID)

It is a technology for automated identification of objects and people. It is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using

radio waves [9]. Unlike ubiquitous bar-code technology, RFID technology does not require contact or line of sight for communication. RFID data can be read through the human body, clothing and non-metallic materials.

A basic RFID system consists of three components: An antenna or coil, a transceiver (with decoder), and a transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it.

The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon its power output and the radiofrequency used. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing.

An RFID device—frequently just called an RFID tag— is a small microchip designed for wireless data transmi-ssion. It is generally attached to an antenna in a package that resembles an ordinary adhesive sticker. An RFID tag transmits data over the air in response to interrogation by an RFID reader. The data transmitted by the tag may provide identification or location information, or specifics about the product tagged, such as price, colour, date of purchase, etc. RFID technology has been in vogue for a decade or more.

Figure 1- RFID reader writer module

B. Barcode

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to the scanner's output port.

In the current context the barcode present on the ID card of the student refers to the USN (University Seat Number). There are different types of barcode scanners depending on applications like pen type barcode scanners, laser scanners, CCD (Charged Coupled Device) scanners etc. The type of barcode scanner used to design this system is a combination of hand held unit (LED array source and CCD capture) which takes raw data of the barcode and outputs serial data at 9600 bps with RS232 output suitable for an interface with the microcontroller.

Features of the Barcode scanner:

• Decodes any Barcode format and Simple Serial output at 9600 bps

• Good read indicator through LED and Buzzer • Works at 5V supply and RS232 level output (Easy to connect to microcontrollers)

• Hand held unit has switch which controls the reader red LED array when reading.

Figure 2- Schematic of the microcontroller board.

C. Microcontroller

Microcontroller IC atmega128A is heart of the system. It is an 8-bit microcontroller with 128Kbytes In-System Programmable Flash [11].

Features: High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller

a) Advanced RISC Architecture • 133 Powerful Instructions

• Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

• 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers +Peripheral Control Registers

b) Up to 16MHz Throughput at 16 MIPS Peripheral Features

• Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Pre-scalers and Compare Modes

• Two Expanded 16-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Pre-scaler, Compare Mode and Capture Mode • Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator • Dual Programmable Serial USARTs c) Operating Voltages

• 2.7V - 5.5V d) Speed Grades • 0 - 16MHz

III. B

LOCK

D

IAGRAM

The block diagram of the proposed security system is as shown in Fig 3. It summarizes the operation of the system proposed. The system is divided into three parts- the RFID section for the details of student belongings, the Barcode section for acquiring student ID, and the microcontroller section which constitutes of the brain and the heart of the system.

Figure 3- The basic block diagram of the system

IV. O

PERATION OF THE

S

YSTEM

A. Procedure

For recording USN: The identification cards of

students contain barcodes which will be scanned by a barcode scanner and the USN of the student will be recorded.

For recording goods: All valuable items like phones,

calculators and wallets contain RFID tags which store the owner’s USN. Tags are not removable and cannot be replaced.

When a student enters or leaves the lab/classroom, the RFID tags in his/her belongings are read by the short range RFID reader which is fitted on to the door. The USN of a student is written into the tags so as to personalise for a particular student [12]. Also, the number of tags in his/her belongings is recorded. For storing the data and records: Both the RFID

reader and the barcode scanner are interfaced with a microcontroller.

The microcontroller is programmed to compare the data of a student while he/she enters and leaves the lab. The output is given to a speaker and LEDs which gives the output on the basis result of comparison of the two data.

B. Mismatches occur in following cases

If a person without an ID card enters, the system will immediately give an alarm

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interrogated.

If a student has misplaced his/her belongings there will be a mismatch in the number of tags in his possession. They can immediately search the lab.

V. C

IRCUIT

D

IAGRAM

Red LED

Green LED

Alarm

Figure-4 Circuit Diagram of the devised system

The circuit diagrams in figure 4 shows the connections of RFID, barcode scanner and Atmega 128A microcon-troller and other circuit elements like LEDs and alarm.

VI. W

ORKING OF THE

S

YSTEM

As soon as the system is powered up both RFID reader and the barcode scanner draw 5V supply from the microcontroller board. The LCD on the microcontroller board displays the message, “WELCOME TO SECURITY SYSTEM”. Then the student needs to scan the ID card using the scanner. After completion of this process, the data stored in the barcode of student’s ID card is available at the one port of microcontroller. The RFID reader mounted on the door reads the data of the tags possessed by the respective student and sends it to the microcontroller at the other port. The number of tags possessed by the student is also recorded. The microcontroller is programmed to compare the two data received. If there is no mismatch between the data received by barcode scanner and RFID reader then green LED glows accompanied by the message “YOU MAY GO” on the LCD, along with the number of tags owned. In case of a mismatch between the two data a red LED glows and an alarm is raised with the text “STOP” displayed on the LCD.

The flowchart shows the complete and sequential operation of the system.

Figure-5 Flowchart

VII. R

ESULTS AND

D

ISCUSSION

A lab security system integrating the Barcode and RFID is successfully developed and tested. The major contribution of this work is managing to write a functional code for Microcontroller to communicate with the RFID reader and also the barcode scanner.

The range of the RFID reader is approximately 1 inch. Keeping the RFID tag at maximum distance may distort the data[13]. The security system is fairly accurate as expected. There are little to no false positives, although

Yes

BARCODE SCANNER

PIN2

PD2 (RXD1) (RXD0) PE0

ATMEGA

128A

PA0

PA1

PA2

RFID READER PIN 2

No

Start

Barcode on identification card is scanned using Barcode Scanner

Barcode data is sent to Microcontroller and stored in

memory

The number of tags is recorded Data stored in RFID tags is read with RFID Reader and is sent to

the microcontroller Is ID present?

Alarm is raised

The data that is received is compared by the microcontroller

Does it

match?

Alarm is raised and

red LED glows.

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around the maximum range, occasionally incorrect data is received. However, if the card is within an inch of the coil, the data can be read with virtually no errors.

VIII. C

ONCLUSION AND

S

COPE FOR

F

UTURE

The RFID and Barcode based cost effective Security System is designed and developed using commercially graded components suiting the basic requirements of the system. The integration of both RFID and Barcodes generates a project with wider boundaries and effective solutions. The extensive work realized some noticeable advantages of RFID over barcode. The RFID tags may not ever completely replace barcodes, partly due to their higher cost and the advantage of multiple data sources on the same object. Hence, RFID tags are often a comple-ment, but not a substitute, for UPC or EAN barcodes.

Advocates of RFID see it as a successor to the optical barcode familiarly printed on consumer products, with two distinct advantages.

Unique identification: A barcode indicates the type of

object on which it is printed, e.g., “this is a 250ml of ABC brand 70% orange juice.” An RFID tag goes a step further. It emits a unique serial number that distinguishes among many millions of identically manufactured objects; it might indicate, e.g., that “this is 250ml bar of ABC brand 70% orange juice, serial no. 95 83 45 21.” The unique identifiers in RFID tags can act as pointers to database entries containing rich transaction histories for individual items.

Automation: Barcodes, being optically scanned, require

line-of-sight contact with readers, and thus careful physical positioning of scanned objects. Except in the most rigorously controlled environments, barcode scanning requires human intervention. In contrast, RFID tags are readable without line-of-sight contact and without precise positioning. RFID readers can scan tags at rates of hundreds per second. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, etc. Hence, the present work can be implemented in a large number of real time applications.

A

CKNOWLEDGMENT

It is our pleasure to be indebted to various people, who helped us in the completion of this project and who influenced our thinking, process of learning and acts during the course of the project. First and foremost, we would like to thank Vision group of science and Technology, Department of IT, BT and Science and Technology, Govt. of Karnataka for giving us an opportunity to carry out this project under the technology related innovative project(TRIP) programme and providing us with the much needed resources.

We would like to thank Mr. Vijay Manohar and NSK Electronics, Bangalore.

R

EFERENCE

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[2] Leena Rao, "Lookout: Lost And Stolen Smart phones will Cost Consumers Over $30B In 2012", 22 March 2012. [Webpage] Available:http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/22/lookout-lost-and-stole-n-smartphones-will-cost-consumers-over-30b-in-2012/

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[11] Atmel Corporation, “http://www.atmel.com/,” Jan 2010. [Online]. Available: {http://www.atmel.com/}

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A

UTHOR

'

S

P

ROFILE

Ms. Varsha Kondabattula is currently pursuing her Master of Technology (M.Tech) degree in Astronomy and Space Engineering at Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India. She graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2014 from Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

Her research interests cover control system design for aerospace vehicles, Navigation, Guidance and Control of Aircrafts, and Orbital Mechanics. She has successfully implemented the project “Numerical Modelling of Dye - Sensitised Solar Cells” at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore as part of the academic curriculum in B.E final year. She has presented technical papers at various seminars and conferences. Currently, she is working on the Space-Borne applications of Sythetic Aperture Radar systems at Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal.

Dr. Indira M S is the Principal at Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology. She is a Ph.D. in High Voltage Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore.

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