Vol 2, No 10 (2013)

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Eur. Chem. Bull. 2013, 2(10), 807-815 DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2013.2.807

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CORROSION INHIBITION BY POLYMERS – A BIRD’S

EYEVIEW

R. Kalaivani,

[a]*

_{P. Thillai Arasu}

[b]

_{and S. Rajendran}

[c]*

Keywords: adsorption site, active centres, conducting polymers, corrosion inhibition, electron rich, polymers.

Polymers are macromolecules. They have high molecular weight. They cover a large surface area and hence act as effective corrosion inhibitors. They have been used to control corrosion of various metals such as mild steel, copper, aluminium and stainless steel. They have been used in acidic, basic and neutral mediums. Adsorption of polymers on metal surface obeys various isotherm such as Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich and Frumkin. Methods such as weight loss and electrochemical studies have been used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of polymers. Surface analysis techniques such as FT-IR, SEM and AFM have been used to study the surface morphology of the protective films.

* Corresponding Authors

E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected]

[a] Department of Chemistry, Research Scholar, Manonmanium Sundaranar University,Thirunelveli 627 132,Tamilnadu,

India.

[b] Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam University, Srivilliputhur 626 126, Tamilnadu, India.

[c] Corrosion Research Centre, PG and Research Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul - 624 005,

Tamilnadu, India.

Introduction

Macromolecules, also known as polymers, are very high molar mass compounds consisting of several structural units inter-connected by covalent bonds. The molar mass varies from 5,000 to several millions. There are polymers which are soluble in water, ethanol, and chloroform, but insoluble in ether. The use of polymer in corrosion prevention is due to the fact that polymer has excellent film forming, emulsifying, and adhesive properties. It is resistant to oil, grease and solvent. It is odourless and non-toxic. It has high tensile strength and flexibility. It is used as stabiliser and clarifying agent. Due to these properties polymers are used in corrosion resistant materials. Polymers have functional groups such as –OH, –NH2, –PO4– and oxygen linkage.

These groups interact with metal surface through active centers of polymer. Conducting polymers, due to their inherent nature, offer better inhibition efficiency than organic compounds because of conjugated systems which possess alternate single and double bonds. Rich in electrons it gets effectively adsorbed on metallic surface. It acts as protective film and prevents corrosion.

Metals

Polymers1-102_{have the ability to control the corrosion}

process of various metals such as mild steel,2,15,18,23, 26,27,33,36,40,48,61,62,63,65,67,70,71,77,83,84,86,89,90,100_{carbon steel,}1,12,24, 32,35,47,51,69,72,75,87,91,95,99_{stainless steel,}4,9,37,39,46,68,97

alumi-nium,10,17,22,31,43,49,56,57,58,60,73,79,92,94,98_i_ron,8,11,13,21,25,28,30,38,44,50,54, 64,66,80,93,96 _zinc,7,14,42,59,76 _copper,3,5,20,101 _brass,19,45_,88 _tin,29,52

cadmium,78 _cerium,34 _amorphous _alloy,53 _gold,55,85 _and

magnesium.74

Medium

The inhibition efficiency of polymers in controlling corrosion of metals in various corrosive environment such as acidic medium 2,3,10-12,16-18,21,23,25,27,29,33-36,38,43-44,46-48,50-52,59-66,68,70-73,77,78,80,82,83,85-86,90-93,95,97,100, _{alkaline medium}19,56,74,88

NaCl medium4,6,7,24,31,32,49,54,67,69,76,81,87,99_water 41,57-58,101_,

seawater13,15,22,39,94 _{aqueous medium}5,9,45,53,55,84,89 _surfactant

solution,30_{ground water}1_{borax buffersolution}20 _acetonitrile

medium37 _{hypochlorite solution}40 _{deionised water}42_and

potassium chlorite solution96_{has been investigated.}

Additives

The inhibition efficiency of polymers have increased by addition of halides.16,34,36,43,46,100

Methods

Various methods used to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of inhibitors include weight loss method,1,2,10,12,17,18,23,25,26, 47,56,57,60,63,69,70,73,83,84,86,93-96,99,100 _{electrochemical studies,}2-5,12, 15,18,19,21,27-30,33-35,37,38,41,46,47-50,59,61,64,66,67,72,74,77-82,85-88,92,94,97,101_,

open-circuit potential,3,8,37,39 _hydrogen _evolution

method,17,43,100 _{and cyclic voltammetry.}2,3,11,52,73,85,90,91,97,98

Adsorption isotherm

Corrosion inhibition by polymers is mainly due to adsorption of polymers on metal surface. Adsorption on metal surface obey various isotherms such as Langmuir isotherm,2,18,25,26,36,59,83,85,95 _{Freundlich isotherm,}93_Temkin

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Corrosion inhibition by polymers – A bird’s Eyeview Section A – Research Paper

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Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy have been calculated for proposed isotherm. Adsorption occurs through polar atoms such as O, N, P and sulphur present in polymers.

Surface analysis

The protective film formed on the metal surface has been analysed by various surface analysis techniques such as FTIR,1,2,11-13,22,30,35,37,50,54,58,62,66,69,75,82,84,91,94,99 _uv-visible

spectra,11,12,44,66,69,75,82 _SEM,1,3,4,15,19,30,47,48,55,58,75,81,94

EDAX,30,45,56 _AFM,4,58,66,82,99_{and X-ray photoelectron}

spectroscopy.11,15,22,39,54,66,76,82,101

Advantages and limitation

Polymers have high molecular weight. Hence as the size of inhibitor increses inhibition efficiency also increases. Polymers have many active centres compared to monomer. Hence they have excellent inhibition efficiency. However the main disadvantage their low solubility in aqueous medium. They have been used in the cooling water system. Polymers such as carboxymethylellulose,99

polyvinyl-alcohol,33,36,43,102 _{polyacrylamide,}1,25,84,85 _polyvinyl

pyrrolidone,10,17,69,100 _{poly-o-ethoxy-aniline}6,12,71,75 _and

polyaniline9,15,21,27,32,34,37,38,66,67,75,81,82,87,97,98_{have been used}

as corrosion inhibitors. Rajendran et al. have used polymers such as polyacrylamide,1,84_{polyvinylpyrrolidone}69_and

polyvinylalcohol102_{as corrosion inhibitors.}

Conclusion

This review paper will be useful to a researcher who would like to select polymer as inhibitors to control corrosion of metals and its alloys in different kinds of environments.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to their respective managements for their help and encouragement.

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