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© 19

9

5

P

ete r

I

.

I

l

i

e v

(2)

A B ST R A C T

T he

fo

llo

w i

n

g

stu

d y f

o cuse s o n

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a n u

b

e

R iv e r

w

ater

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ssu e s o

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t

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e

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e ntr a

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d

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u r o

p

ean

(

C E E

)

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g i

o n,

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a n u

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ve r

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I N F O D A N U B E

an

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a n u

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a n a

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M

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.

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anu

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s. T

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ma n ageme nt o

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p ri

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D

a n u

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y d

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ly

on t

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o n

it

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, a s s e s sme nt o

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the e x

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ng

le v e

l

s o

f p

o

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ut

i

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h i

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ation o

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i

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ata

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c

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ter t

hr

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e

b

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w

ater

q

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n

f

or

m

a t

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on

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t

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l p

o

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ox- a n

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k

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ots

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g

e n co nte nt a n

d

n ut

ri

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t to

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e nta

l

c o nce r n.

T h

e o x

y g

en conte nt cate

g

o r

y i

nc

lu

d

e s

(3)

p

ho s

p h

o r u s a n

d

s e v e r al fo r

m

s o f nitr oge n, c om p

ri

s e t

he

n ut

ri

e nt c atego ry , togethe r

w it

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e v a

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ua t

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the n ut

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r o

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a cto r

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a r a

m

ete r s, s u c

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te

m p

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p H

, s

p

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d

c

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o

ri d

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ls o

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d

In c

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a

p

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ly

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g D

an u

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R iv

er

d

a ta

f

o c u s e s o n tr e n

d

as s e s s

m

e nt as ant

i

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y

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m

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f

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a n a

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iv e

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h

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s pr o v

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b

et te r m e a n s

f

o r

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t

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v e r wate r

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ro

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r a

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s

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t

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a n u

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d

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w

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t

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ete

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a

p

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fi

v e

i

n v es t

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ates t

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f

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T he

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it o

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s

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an u

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c o u nt

ri

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p

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w

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y m

a n a

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m

e nt a

l

te r n at

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f

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a n u

b

e

R iv e r

B

a s

in

.

T h

e re s e arc

h

r e s u

lt

s

w i l l b

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e

d i

ate u se

f

o r t

h

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le

D

a n u

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be

R i

v e r a n

d

r e s u

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t

in

b

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w

ate r

q

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(4)

A C

K

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l d l i k

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k D

r.

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au

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n

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r.

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enter

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nv

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ro n

m

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l

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na

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s

i

s,

R

e se a rc

h

T

ri

a n

g l

e

I

n st

it

ute, an

d

es

p

ec

i

a

ll y

to

it

s

D i

r ecto r, Dr De n n

i

s

F

N

a u

g l

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s

su

p p

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W

ater

Q

ua

l i

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m

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ff

:

T R

B

o n

d

e

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,

J

.

M

.

M

c

C

a rth

y,

J

.

D

.

F

o u nta

i

n a n

d

W

.

S

.

C

o ote r

f

o r t

h

e

i

r

p

r o

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i

o na

l

c o

m m

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d

d i

s c u s s

i

o n s.

F i

na

l l

y,

b

ut not

l

a st,

I w

o u

l d l ik

e t o ac

k

no

w le

d g

e

m y w i f

e

M

a

ri

an a a n

d

s on

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a s o n

f

or t

h

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i

r

p

at

i

e nce a n

d

co nsta nt s u

pp

o rt t

h

at

m

a

d

e

m y w

o r

k

a r e a

l p l

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T h

e

G

ra

d

u ate

P

ro

g

ra

m

o

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nv

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m

e nta

l S

c

ie

nc e s an

d P

o

l i

c

y

at t

h

e

C

entra

l E

u r o

p

e a n

U

n

i

ver s

it

y

i

n

B

u

d

a

p

est

p

r o v

i d

e

d i

n

i

t

i

a

l

su

p p

o rt

f

or t

hi

s

p

r o

j

ect an

d m

a

d

e

m

y e

d

u c at

i

o n at t

h

e

U

n

i

ver s

i

t y o

f

N

o rt

h C

a r o

l i

n a

p

o s s

i b l

e.

(5)

T A B L E

O

F

C O

N T E

N

T

S

A b

str a ct

i

A

c

k

n o

w l

e

d g m

en ts

i i i

T

a

b l

e o

f C

o n te nts

i

v

L i

st o

f T

a

b l

e s v

ii

L

ist o

f

F

i g

u r e s v

i ii

C h

a

p

ter

1

I

n tr o

d

u ct

i

on

1 P

re

f

a c e

1

2 D

a n u

b

e

R i

v e r

1

2

.

1

D

es c r

ip

t

i

o n

1

2.

2 H

y

d

r o

l

o

g

y 2

2

.3

E

c on o

m y

2

3 D

a n u

b

e

D

e c

l

a r at

i

on

6

3

1

D

an u

b

e

A

ct

i

on

P

ro

g

ra

m

6

3

.

2

W

ate r

Q

ua

li

t

y D

ata

M

a n a

g

e

m

ent 6

3

.

2

.

1 I N F O D A

N

U B E I

n

f

or

m

at

i

on

Sy

ste

m

6

3.

2

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D E

M

D E S S D

ec

i

s

i

o n

S

u

p p

o rt

S

yste

m

7

3

.

3

W

ater

Q

ua

li

t

y L

e

g i

s

l

at

i

on an

d St

a n

d

a r

d

s

8

3

.

4

W

ate r

Q

ua

li

t

y

M

on

i

to r

i

n

g P

ro

g

ra

m

9

4

F i

na

l C

o

m m

e nt 1

2

C h

a

p

te r

2

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t y

M

a n age

m

e n t

A

l te r n at

i

v e s

f

o r t he Da n u

b

e

R i

v e r

B

a s

i

n

1 I

ntro

d

uct

i

o n 1

3

2

W

ate r

Q

u a

l it

y

M

a n a

g

e

m

e nt

A l

tern at

i

ve s

13

(6)

2 2 U

n

i fo r

m P

erc enta

g

e Re

d

uc t

i

on 1 5

2

.

3

.

E m i

s s

i

on

S

ta n

d

ar

d C

o ntro

l P

o

l i

c

y

1 5

2

4

T

ota

l E m i

s s

i

o n

R

e

d

uct

i

on to

M

eet

A m b ie n

t

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t

y

1 6

2 5 E

ffi

c

i

e nt

E m is s

i

on

R

e

d

u ct

io n

to

M

e et

A m b i

e nt

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

ty 1 7

3 D an u

b

e

R i

ver

C

on s

i d

er at

i

o n s 1 7

4

D i

s c u s s

io n

1 9

5

C

o n c

lu s

io n

2 1

C

ha

p

te r

3

E

v alu at

io n

o

f E

x

i

st

i

n

g D

ata

1

I

ntro

d

uc t

i

on 2 2

2

M

on

i

t or

in

g D

ata

Se

le

c t

i

on a n

d P

r e s e ntat

i

o n 2 2

3

W

ate r

Q

u a

li

t

y B

a se

l i

ne 2 5

3

1 C h

ar acte r

i

st

i

c s o

f O

x

y g

e n

C

ont ent 2 5

3

.

1

.

1 D i

s s o

lv

e

d O

x

y g

en 2

5

3

.

1

.

2 D i

ss o

lv

e

d O

x

y g

e n

S

atu rat

i

on 2

5

3 1

.

3 B i

o c

h

e

m i

c a

l O

x

y g

e n

D

eman

d

2 8

3.2

N

utr

i

e nts 3 0

3

.

2

. 1

N i

tro

g

en

(

A m m

o n

i

a

)

3 0

3

.

2

.

2

N

i

tro

g

en

(

N i

trate

)

3 0

3 2

.

3 T

ota

l P h

os

p h

o r us

3 5

3

.

2

.

4 N

utr

ie n

t

L i m i

t

i

n

g F

a cto r s 3 5

3.

3 P h y

s

i

c a

l/ C h

e

m ic

a

l C h

ar a cter

i

st

i

c s 3 7

3.

3

. 1

W

a te r D

i

sc

h

ar

g

e 3

7

3.

3

.

2

W

ate r

T

em

p

e r atu r e ...

:

. .. . 4 0

3

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W

ater

pH

4 0

3

.

3

.

4

M

in

era

l C

o nt ent 4 3

4 C

onc

l

u s

i

on 4

3

C h

a

p

te r

4

T

r e n

d A

n a

l y

s

is

1 T

re n

d A

n a

ly

s

i

s :

G

e ner a

l

C

ons

id

e r at

io

n s 4

8

1

.

1 I

ntr o

du

ct

i

on 4 8

(7)

1 3 H

y pot

h

e s

i

s

F

o r

m

u

l

at

io

n

50

1.4

C

o n c e ntr at

i

o n

V

e r s u s

F l

u x 5 0

1

5 T

r a n s

f

o r

m

at

i

o n o

f

t

h

e

W

ater

Q

u a

l i

t

y P

a r ame te rs 5 1

1.

6 St

atist

i

c a

l A p p

r o a c

h

5

1

2 T

r e n

d A

n a

ly

s

i

s o

f

t

he

D

anu

b

e

R i

v e r

D

ata

52

2. 1

W

ater

Q

ua

li

t y

P

a r a

m

ete r s

f

or

T

ren

d D

ete ct

io

n

52

2.2

W

a te r

Q

u a

li

t

y D

ata Pr e

p

a r at

i

o n 5 3

2.2 1

H i

sto

ri

ca

l D

ata

A

n a

l

ys

i

s 5 6

2.

2

.2

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

ty D ata

D i

st

ri b

ut

i

o n

57

2

.

3 R

e

m

o v a

l

o

f F l

o

w E f f

e ct 5 8

2.4

R

e

m

ova

l

o

f S

e ason a

l i

t

y

5 8

2

.

5 T

ren

d A

s s e s s

m

ent

6 5

3 C

o n c

l

u s

io

n 9 1

C h

a

p

te r

s

D

e s

i g

n o

f I m p

r ove

d

M

o n

i

to

ri

n

g S y

ste

m

1

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

ty

M

o n

i

to

ri

n

g

9 3

2 D

e s

i g

n o

f

M

on

i

to

ri

n

g S

ys te

m

9 3

2

.

1 L

o c a t

i

on o

f

M

on

it

or

i

n

g S

tat

i

o ns 9 3

2

.

2 S

a

m p l i

n

g F

re

q

u enc

y

9 6

2

3

Se

l

e ct

io

n o

f

W

ate r

Q

ua

lit

y V

a

ri

a

b l

e s 10 5

3 C

on c

l

u s

i

on 10 5

C h

a

p

te r

6

.

C

o n c

l

us

b

n s a n

d R

e c o

m

m

e n

d

at

i

o ns

1

C

o nc

l

u s

io

n s 10 7

2 R

e c o

m m

e n

d

a t

i

o n s 108

A p p

e n

d i

c e s

A

W

ate r

Q

u a

li

t

y D

ata

A

n a

l y

sis I l

l

B T

r en

d D

ete ct

i

o n

T

e sts 123

(8)

L I

ST

O

F

T

A B

L

E

S

T

a

b l

e

T it

le

p

a

g

e

1

.

1

M

o n

it

o

ri

n

g S

tat

io n

Lo cat

io n s

1 1

1.

2 L i

st o

f E l

e

m

ents

M

e a s u re

d U

n

d

e r t

h

e

C

u r r en t

I

M

P

1 1

2

.

1

W

ate r

Q

ua

l it

y

M

an a

g

e

m

ent

A l

te r n at

iv

es 14

3

.

1

W

a te r

Q

u a

l i

t

y C

ate

g

o

ri

e s an

d P

ar a

m

eter s

2

3

3.

2 U

n

i

on

i

ze

d A m m

on

ia

T

o x

ic

i

t

y

Est

i m

ates 3 2

3

.

3

W

ate r

Q

u a

l it

y B

as e

l i

ne

Su

m m

a r

y

4 7

4

.

1 D

e s c

ri p

t

iv e

St

at

is

tic s an

d N

or

m

a

l it

y T

e sts 5 9

4

.

2

W

ate r

Q

ua

l

i

t

y D i

st

ri b

ut

io

ns 6 6

4

.

3

.

1

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t

y T

ren

d A

n a

l

ys

is

S

u

m

mar

y

:

M

S 1

at

Jo c

he n s

te

in

6 8

4.3.

2

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t

y T

r e n

d A

n a

l

ys

is

S

u

m m

a ry:

M

S2

at

W

o

l fs

t

h

a

l

- Br at

i

s

la v

a 6 9

4.3.

3

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t y

T

r e n

d A

n a

l

ys

is

Su

m m

ary:

M

S3

at

M

e

d

v e

d

e v

-

M

e

d

ve 7 0

4 3.

4

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t y

T

r e n

d

An a

l y

s

is

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S4

at

C

o

b

-

Sz o

b

7 1

4.

3^

5

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t y

T

r e n

d A

n a

l y

s

is

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S5

at

M

o

h

a c s

-

B

e z

d

a n 7 2

4

.

3

.

6

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t

y T

r e n

d A

n a

l y

s

is

S

u

m m

ar

y

:

M

S6

at

B

ana ts

k

a

P

-

B

az

ia s

7 3

4

.

3

.

7

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t

y T

ren

d A

na

l y

s

i

s

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S7

at

G

r u

ia

-

R

a

d

u

j

e v a c 7 4

4.

3

.8

W

ater

Q

u a

l i

t

y T

r e n

d A

n a

l y

s

is

Su

m m

ary:

M

S8

at P

ri

sto

l

-

N

ovo

Se

l

o 7 5

4

.

3

.

9

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t

y T

r en

d A

na

l y

s

is

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S9

at

C h i

c

i

u

-

Si l i

s tra

7 6

4

.

3 10

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t

y T

r en

d A

n a

ly

s

is

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S 10

at

R

e n

i

-

M

7 1

7 7

4

.

3

.

1 1

W

ater

Q

ua

l i

t y

T

ren

d A

na

ly

s

is

Su

m m

ar

y

:

M

S 1 1

at

V i l k

o v 7 8

4

.4

D

an u

b

e

R iv

er

T

r e n

d

s 9

0

4.

5 D

a n u

b

e

R i

v e r

T

r e n

d A

s s e s s

m

e nt

Su

m m

a r

y

9 2

5

.

1

M

on

i

to

ri

n

g S

tat

io n

L

o cat

io

ns 9

5

5

.

2

W

ate r

Q

u a

l

i

t

y P

arameters

w i

t

h Sa

m

pl i

n

g F

re

q

u e n c

y

10 6

(9)

L I

S

T

O

F F I

G

U

R

E S

F ig

u r e

T i

t

le

p

age

1

.

1 T h

e

D

a n u

be

R i

ver

B

as

in a n

d I

ts

D

ra

i

n a

g

e

N

et

w

or

k

3

1.2

E

n v

i

r o n

m

e nta

l P

ro

b l

e

m

s o

f

t

h

e

C E

E Re

g i

o n 5

1.3

U p

pe r,

M

i dd l

e a n

d

L o

w

e r

D

a n u

b

e

w i

t

h

M

o n

i

to r

in

g S

tat

i

o n s 1 0

3

.

1 D i

sso

l

ve

d O

x

y g

en

B

ox

- an

d

-

W

h i

s

k

er

P l

ot at

M

S I

2 4

3

.

2 S

e asona

l D i

s s o

l

v e

d O

x

y g

en 2 6

3

.

3 S

easona

l D i

s s o

l

v e

d O

x

y g

en

S

atu rat

i

on

2 7

3.

4 S

e a s ona

l B i

o c

h

e

m i

c a

l O

x

y g

e n

D

ema n

d

2

9

3

.

5 S

e asona

l A m m

on

i

a

C

o nce ntr at

i

on

3

1

3

.

6 S

e a so na

l N i

tr ate

C

on c e ntrat

io n

3 4

3.

7 S

ea so na

l T

ota

l P h

os

p h

o r u s

C

o n centr at

i

o n

3

6

3.8

A

n n u a

l T

ota

l N i

tro

g

e n

T

ota

l P h

os

p h

o r u s

R

at

i

o s 3

8

3.9

S

e as o n a

l

W

ate r

D i

s c

h

a r

g

e 3 9

3

.

10 S

ea sona

l

W

ate r

T

em

p

e r atur e 4 1

3

.

1 1 Se

a s ona

l

W

ater

p H

4

2

3

.

12 A

nn ua

l Sp

ec

i fi

c

C

on

d

uct

iv

i

t

y C

onte nt 4

4

3

.

13 A

nnua

l C hl

o r

i d

e

C

o ntent 4 5

4

1

Wa

te r

Q

u a

l i

t y

T

ren

d D

etect

i

on

Sc

h

e

m

e 5 4

4

.

2

W

ater

Q

u a

l i

t

y D

ata

P

r e

p

a rat

i

on 5

5

4

.

3 S

tat

is

t

ic

a

l T

e s ts

f

or

T

r e n

d

7

9

4.4.

1 D i

ss o

lv

e

d O

xy

g

en

T

r e n

d A

s s e s s

m

e nt

8

0

4

.

4

.

2 B i

o c

h

e

m i

c a

l O

x

y g

e n

D

e

m

a n

d T

r e n

d A

s se s s

m

e nt 8 1

4

.

4 3 A m m

on

i

a

T

ren

d A

s s es sme nt 8 2

4

.4.4

N i

tr ate

T

r e n

d A

s s e s s

m

e nt

8

3

4

.

4 5 T

ota

l P h

os

p h

or u s

T

r en

d A

s s e ss

m

e nt 8 4

4

.

4

.

6 Su s

p

e n

d

e

d S

o

l i d

s

T

ren

d A

s s e s sment

8 5

4

.

4

.

7

W

a t er

p H T

r e n

d A

ss es s

m

e nt 8 6

4

.

4

.

8 S p

ec

i fi

c

C

on

d

uct

i

v

i

t

y T

ren

d A

s s e s s

m

e nt

8 7

4

.

4

.

9 C hl

o

ri d

e

T

ren

d A

s s e s sme nt

8

8

4

.

4

.

10

O

il

a n

d

G

r e a s e

T

ren

d

A

s s e s s

m

ent

(10)

5. 1

W

ate r

Q

u a

l i

t

y

M

o n

i

to

ri

n

g

D e s

i g

n 9 4

5

.

2 S

a

m p li

n

g F

r e

q

u e nc

y f

o r

D O I

ncre a s e a t

M

S I

10 0

5

.

3 S

a

m pl i

n

g F

re

q

u e n c

y f

o r

D O D

e c r e a s e at

M

S

I 10 1

5.4

D i

s s o

l

v e

d O

x

y g

e n

N

et

w

o r

k S

am p

li

n

g F

r e

q

u e n cy 10 2

5

.

5 C hl

o

ri d

e

N

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s, an

d

3

)

to co n str u ct a co st

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on

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T h

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fi

n

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n

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fi

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m

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.

3

.

2

W

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Q

ua

l i

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y D

ata

M

a n a

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e

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e n t

3

.

2

1

I N F O D A N U B E I

n

fo r

m

at

io n

Sy

st em

U

nt

i l

re c ent

ly

, t

h

e re

w

a sno co o r

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a t e

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n

f

o r

m

at

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m

to

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rov

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e s a

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