FSD1082. EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Codebook

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EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 1990

Codebook

F INNISH S OCIAL S CIENCE D ATA A RCHIVE

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The bibliographic citation for this codebook:

EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 1990 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Sci- ence Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2014.

This codebook has been generated from the version 1 (28.3.2003) of the data.

Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services:

[email protected] +358 40 190 1442

Aila Data Service Portal:

https://services.fsd.uta.fi/

Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/

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This codebook is part of the data FSD1082 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 1990 [computer file]. FSD1082, version 1 (2003-03-28). Lempäälä: Yhdyskuntatutkimus [data collection], 1990. Helsinki:

Centre for Finnish Business and Policy Studies (EVA) [producer]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2003.

The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used.

The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes.

Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files.

Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics.

Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’) as missing data.

This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L^ATEXand dvipdfm software.

Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

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1 Study description 1

1.1 Titles . . . 1

1.2 Subject description . . . 1

1.3 Structure and collection of the data . . . 3

1.4 Use of data . . . 3

2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 97 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence . . . 97

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order . . . 105

A Questionnaire in Finnish 113

B Questionnaire in Swedish 123

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Study description

1.1 Titles

Title of the study:EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 1990 Title of the study in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 1990 Alternative title:Former title: Finnish National Attitudes 1990

This codebook has been generated from the version 1 (28.3.2003) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised.

1.2 Subject description

Other material

Questionnaire: pdf file in Finnish and in Swedish

Authoring entity

Centre for Finnish Business and Policy Studies (EVA) Yhdyskuntatutkimus

Copyright statement for the data

According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor

Depositor

Centre for Finnish Business and Policy Studies (EVA) Yhdyskuntatutkimus

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Date of deposit

5.2.2001

Keywords

attitudes; economic and social development; entrepreneurs; environmental changes; foreigners;

industrial development; national cultures; political power; privatization; social change; social class; social welfare; standard of living

Topic Classification

Classification by FSD vocabulary:economics; political studies; sociology

Classification by CESSDA vocabulary:economic systems and development; government, political systems and organisations; mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion

Series description

The data belong to the series:

EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes

Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveys studying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. The series, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens’

views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-up of change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes with questions repeated over the years.

Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and poli- tics, Finland’s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity, and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus Oy. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes of corporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in this series have been repeated.

Abstract

The values and attitudes of the Finns in 1990 were studied in the survey. On the basis of various propositions the respondents were asked about their attitude towards internationalisation in general, and its effects in Finland on trade and other forms of co-operation with different regions, on chances of success of various Finnish fields of production, on European integration

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bership in a trade union organisation, functions in the public or private sector, field of activity in working life, party R would vote for in parliamentary elections, and social class.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country:Finland

Geographic coverage:Finland Unit of analysis:Individual

Universe:Population of Finland aged 18-70 years, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date:6.9.1990 – 9.11.1990

Data collector:Yhdyskuntatutkimus

Data producer:Centre for Finnish Business and Policy Studies (EVA) Mode of data collection:Postal survey

Type of research instrument:Structured questionnaire Time period covered:6.9.1990 – 9.11.1990

Time method of the data collection:Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases:The data contain 188 variables and 2426 cases.

Sampling procedure: The original target group of the survey consisted of 4500 randomly picked people out of 18-70 year old population of the country (the Åland Islands excluded).

2,426 persons participated in the survey. In its central demographic, social, political and regional features, the survey material corresponds to the population structure of the country. Based on their mother tongue, the respondents received a questionnaire either in Finnish or in Swedish.

The response rate was 53.9%.

1.4 Use of data

Related publications

Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teok- sessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 119-146. Helsinki: WSOY.

Haikonen, Jyrki & Kiljunen, Pentti (2003). Mitä mieltä, suomalainen? EVAn asennetutkimuk- sien kertomaa vuosilta 1984-2003. Helsinki: Taloustieto. EVA-raportti.

Kilpi, Elina (2006). Change in Finnish attitudes towards immigrants 1986-2004. Oxford: Uni- versity of Oxford. MSc Thesis in Sociology.

Kilpi, Elina (2008). Prejudice as a response to changes in competitive threat. Finnish attitudes towards immigrants 1986-2006 [online]. Working paper number 2008-01, Department of Soci-

ology, University of Oxford, March. http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/documents/workingpapers/2008/2008-

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01.pdf [cited 3.9.2012].

Mattila, Mikko & Sänkiaho, Risto (2005). Luottamus poliittiseen järjestelmään. Teoksessa:

Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 73-87. Helsinki: WSOY.

Nyman, Markku (2008). Kansalaisyhteiskunta ja vertaistuki [verkkodokumentti]. Oulu: Hyvän

mielen talo ry. http://www.hyvanmielentalo.fi/media/julkaisut/Nyman_kansalaisyhteiskunta_secured.pdf [viitattu 8.9.2009].

Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY.

Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa:

Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 128 - 153. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö.

Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1.

Paloheimo, Heikki (2007). Kansalaisten johtajuusodotukset. Teoksessa: Presidentinvaalit 2006 (toim. Pekka Isotalus & Sami Borg), 207-226. Helsinki: WSOY.

Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2013). Eliitti ja kansa. Kaksi eri maailmaa? Päättäjien ja kansalaisten asenne- erot vuosina 1991-2011. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 78(3), 245-258. URN:NBN:fi-fe201306144023 Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Eduskunnan valta ja asema eliittien ja kansalaisten silmin. Teok- sessa Raunio, Tapio & Wiberg, Matti (toim.), Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituk- sen ehdoilla. Helsinki: Gaudeamus 2014, 91-108.

Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Suomen poliittinen järjestelmä. Valtasuhteiden muutokset 1990- luvun alun jälkeen. Teoksessa Forsberg, Tuomas & Raunio, Tapio (toim.), Politiikan muutos.

Tampere: Vastapaino 2014, 77-122.

Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Vallan sisäpiirissä. Suomalaisen eliittirakenteen muutos. Tampere:

Vastapaino.

Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusmin- isteriön julkaisu 2006:1.

Suomi etsii itseään: raportti suomalaisesta mielipideilmastosta 1990 (1991). Helsinki: Elinkei- noelämän valtuuskunta.

Westinen, Jussi (2011). Yhteiskunnallisten ristiriitaulottuvuuksien ja puoluevalinnan suhde eduskun- tavaaleissa 1991-2007. Tilastollinen analyysi. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma.

Updated list of publications in the study description at

http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/data/catalogue/FSD1082/

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

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The dataset is available for research, teaching and study.

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Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value

number of valid cases 2426

minimum 1082.00

maximum 1082.00

mean 1082.00

standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

statistic value

minimum 1.00

maximum 1.00

mean 1.00

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[FSD_PRO] FSD processing level

Question

Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised.

Frequencies

label value n % v. %

A (see codebook) 1 2426 100.0 100.0

B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0

C (data hasn’t been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question FSD case id

statistic value

minimum 1.00

maximum 2426.00

mean 1213.50

[HAVT] identification number

Question

identification number

statistic value

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statistic value

minimum 1.00

maximum 1500.00

mean 599.88

[Q1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

Question

No party promotes issues that are important to me

Frequencies

Missing (User missing) 0 28 1.2 –

strongly agree 1 529 21.8 22.1

agree 2 782 32.2 32.6

neither agree nor disagree/can’t say 3 401 16.5 16.7

disagree 4 524 21.6 21.9

strongly disagree 5 162 6.7 6.8

System missing (SYSMIS) . 0 0.0 –

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q2] In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present- day problems

Question

In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

Frequencies

agree 2 789 32.5 32.9

disagree 4 503 20.7 21.0

(continued on next page)

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(cont. from previous page)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q3] There are good grounds for constructing a fifth nuclear power plant in Finland

Question

There are good grounds for constructing a fifth nuclear power plant in Finland

Frequencies

agree 2 327 13.5 13.6

disagree 4 357 14.7 14.9

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q4] Increasing economic well-being even higher than at present will in- crease people’s spiritual problems

Question

Increasing economic well-being even higher than at present will increase people’s spiritual problems

Frequencies

agree 2 699 28.8 29.1

disagree 4 355 14.6 14.8

(17)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q5] Science and technology are changing from people’s servants to their masters

Question

Science and technology are changing from people’s servants to their masters

Frequencies

agree 2 746 30.8 31.1

disagree 4 460 19.0 19.2

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q6] Those remote rural villages that do not offer opportunities to make a decent living should not be kept populated

Question

Those remote rural villages that do not offer opportunities to make a decent living should not be kept populated

Frequencies

agree 2 287 11.8 11.9

disagree 4 702 28.9 29.2

(18)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

Question

It is a privilege to be a Finn

Frequencies

agree 2 684 28.2 28.4

disagree 4 255 10.5 10.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q8] If women were allowed to take more part in decision-making in work- ing life, the whole society would benefit

Question

If women were allowed to take more part in decision-making in working life, the whole society would benefit

Frequencies

agree 2 638 26.3 26.5

disagree 4 264 10.9 11.0

(19)

label value n % v. % 2426 100.0 100.0

[Q9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the prob- lems of ordinary citizens

Question

Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

Frequencies

agree 2 754 31.1 31.3

disagree 4 176 7.3 7.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q10] The process of internalisation is irreversible and universal and Fin- land has no choice but to participate in it

Question

The process of internalisation is irreversible and universal and Finland has no choice but to participate in it

Frequencies

agree 2 809 33.3 33.6

disagree 4 293 12.1 12.2

(20)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q11] The opinions of citizens have little influence on decision-making in our society

Question

The opinions of citizens have little influence on decision-making in our society

Frequencies

agree 2 921 38.0 38.3

disagree 4 376 15.5 15.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q12] If Finland wants to increase its population, it is better to pay Finns to have more children than to take in more refugees

Question

If Finland wants to increase its population, it is better to pay Finns to have more children than to take in more refugees

Frequencies

agree 2 468 19.3 19.5

disagree 4 272 11.2 11.3

(21)

label value n % v. % 2426 100.0 100.0

[Q13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

Question

I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

Frequencies

agree 2 876 36.1 36.3

disagree 4 179 7.4 7.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q14] Finland should make good use of the changes in its neighbouring countries and employ people e.g. from Leningrad (Russia)

Question

Finland should make good use of the changes in its neighbouring countries and employ people e.g. from Leningrad (Russia)

Frequencies

agree 2 426 17.6 17.7

disagree 4 579 23.9 24.1

(22)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q15] If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

Question

If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

Frequencies

agree 2 700 28.9 29.1

disagree 4 129 5.3 5.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q16] Finland’s high price level is primarily due to the non-functioning of free competition in our country

Question

Finland’s high price level is primarily due to the non-functioning of free competition in our country

Frequencies

agree 2 707 29.1 29.3

disagree 4 264 10.9 11.0

(23)

label value n % v. % 2426 100.0 100.0

[Q17] If employees could influence and take more part in corporate decision- making, the whole society would benefit

Question

If employees could influence and take more part in corporate decision-making, the whole society would benefit

Frequencies

agree 2 768 31.7 31.9

disagree 4 299 12.3 12.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

Question

If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

Frequencies

agree 2 630 26.0 26.2

disagree 4 543 22.4 22.6

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2426 100.0 100.0

[Q19] No-one can tell what the real effects of European integration will be and therefore Finland should proceed very cautiously in this matter

Question

No-one can tell what the real effects of European integration will be and therefore Finland should proceed very cautiously in this matter

Frequencies

agree 2 776 32.0 32.2

disagree 4 350 14.4 14.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q20] The revolutions of Eastern Europe prove that a functioning society must be based on the freedom of the individual and right to private owner- ship

Question

The revolutions of Eastern Europe prove that a functioning society must be based on the freedom of the individual and right to private ownership

Frequencies

agree 2 745 30.7 30.9

(25)

disagree 4 173 7.1 7.2

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

Question

Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

Frequencies

agree 2 489 20.2 20.3

disagree 4 802 33.1 33.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q22] Finland should join the European community (EC/EU)

Question

Finland should join the European community (EC/EU)

Frequencies

agree 2 522 21.5 21.7

disagree 4 197 8.1 8.2

(26)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q23] Because Finnish food is clean and of high quality, it is naturally quite expensive

Question

Because Finnish food is clean and of high quality, it is naturally quite expensive

Frequencies

agree 2 498 20.5 20.6

disagree 4 808 33.3 33.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q24] The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not by the society or circumstances

Question

The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not by the society or circumstances

Frequencies

agree 2 994 41.0 41.6

disagree 4 551 22.7 23.1

(27)

label value n % v. % 2426 100.0 100.0

[Q25] Finland’s leaders should stop being overcautious in international matters and express their views over world events clearly and strongly

Question

Finland’s leaders should stop being overcautious in international matters and express their views over world events clearly and strongly

Frequencies

agree 2 752 31.0 31.5

disagree 4 330 13.6 13.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q26] Finland’s nature and forests are already dying and no measures can save them any more

Question

Finland’s nature and forests are already dying and no measures can save them any more

Frequencies

agree 2 351 14.5 14.7

disagree 4 1067 44.0 44.8

(28)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q27] Finnish enterprises are too small for future international markets, they must be merged into bigger units in order to survive at all

Question

Finnish enterprises are too small for future international markets, they must be merged into bigger units in order to survive at all

Frequencies

agree 2 687 28.3 28.7

disagree 4 615 25.4 25.7

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q28] Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

Question

Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

Frequencies

agree 2 710 29.3 29.7

disagree 4 262 10.8 11.0

2426 100.0 100.0

(29)

Question

Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisation

Frequencies

agree 2 818 33.7 34.3

disagree 4 359 14.8 15.1

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q30] Strongly increasing consumption is a sign of the present-day ’value vacuum’, which leaves people to seek happiness and values from goods

Question

Strongly increasing consumption is a sign of the present-day ’value vacuum’, which leaves people to seek happiness and values from goods

Frequencies

agree 2 844 34.8 35.3

disagree 4 213 8.8 8.9

2426 100.0 100.0

(30)

[Q31] People used to be happier than they are now

Question

People used to be happier than they are now

Frequencies

agree 2 509 21.0 21.3

disagree 4 316 13.0 13.2

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly de- stroy the environment and eventually itself

Question

By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

Frequencies

agree 2 723 29.8 30.2

disagree 4 243 10.0 10.1

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

Question

(31)

agree 2 777 32.0 32.4

disagree 4 378 15.6 15.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q34] Finns are so keen on early retirement as a result of bad working environment and outdated management methods

Question

Finns are so keen on early retirement as a result of bad working environment and outdated management methods

Frequencies

agree 2 681 28.1 28.4

disagree 4 489 20.2 20.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q35] Labour shortage will soon be a bigger problem than unemployment in Finland

Question

Labour shortage will soon be a bigger problem than unemployment in Finland

Frequencies

(32)

agree 2 680 28.0 28.4

disagree 4 528 21.8 22.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q36] At present Finland is relying too much on credit and as a conse- quence will face great problems later on

Question

At present Finland is relying too much on credit and as a consequence will face great problems later on

Frequencies

agree 2 783 32.3 32.7

disagree 4 246 10.1 10.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q37] Finland’s development aid should be used to help Eastern European countries instead of directing it to traditional target countries

Question

Finland’s development aid should be used to help Eastern European countries instead of directing it to traditional target countries

Frequencies

(33)

agree 2 496 20.4 20.8

disagree 4 614 25.3 25.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q38] Public administration must be downsized

Question

Public administration must be downsized

Frequencies

agree 2 744 30.7 31.1

disagree 4 103 4.2 4.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q39] Even though the on-going structural change causes redundancies and other problems, it is still inevitable and should not be hindered

Question

Even though the on-going structural change causes redundancies and other problems, it is still inevitable and should not be hindered

Frequencies

(34)

agree 2 581 23.9 24.3

disagree 4 642 26.5 26.9

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q40] The fact that competent and qualified Finns emigrate is a bigger problem than immigration to Finland

Question

The fact that competent and qualified Finns emigrate is a bigger problem than immigration to Finland

Frequencies

agree 2 709 29.2 29.6

disagree 4 356 14.7 14.9

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q41] Because Finns have achieved their well-being with hard work and wars, Finland belongs to Finns only

Question

Because Finns have achieved their well-being with hard work and wars, Finland belongs to Finns only

Frequencies

(35)

agree 2 569 23.5 23.8

disagree 4 585 24.1 24.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q42] A country as closed and stagnant as Finland does not have much chance of keeping up with international development

Question

A country as closed and stagnant as Finland does not have much chance of keeping up with international development

Frequencies

agree 2 297 12.2 12.4

disagree 4 1070 44.1 44.7

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q43] One can do anything in Finland using the freedom of the individual as an excuse, regardless of what the common good might be

Question

One can do anything in Finland using the freedom of the individual as an excuse, regardless of what the common good might be

Frequencies

(36)

agree 2 515 21.2 21.5

disagree 4 861 35.5 36.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q44] Finland’s increasing labour shortage can be eased only with the help of foreign labour

Question

Finland’s increasing labour shortage can be eased only with the help of foreign labour

Frequencies

agree 2 272 11.2 11.4

disagree 4 898 37.0 37.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q45] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

Question

Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

Frequencies

agree 2 800 33.0 33.5

(37)

disagree 4 318 13.1 13.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q46] Finnish media gives a balanced and true picture of world events

Question

Finnish media gives a balanced and true picture of world events

Frequencies

agree 2 1017 41.9 42.5

disagree 4 475 19.6 19.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q47] Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we want more than before

Question

Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we want more than before

Frequencies

agree 2 1088 44.8 45.4

(38)

disagree 4 242 10.0 10.1

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q48] We need new kind of politicians, since the way our party leaders think is outdated and does not provide solutions to current problems

Question

We need new kind of politicians, since the way our party leaders think is outdated and does not provide solutions to current problems

Frequencies

agree 2 784 32.3 32.7

disagree 4 224 9.2 9.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q49] Most of our public services should be privatized to improve efficiency

Question

Most of our public services should be privatized to improve efficiency

Frequencies

agree 2 654 27.0 27.4

(39)

disagree 4 464 19.1 19.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q50] I feel more and more European, in addition to being Finnish

Question

I feel more and more European, in addition to being Finnish

Frequencies

agree 2 696 28.7 29.1

disagree 4 538 22.2 22.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q51] We should abandon the policy of agricultural self-sufficiency and use the money on developing our country, instead of spending it on agricultural export subsidies

Question

We should abandon the policy of agricultural self-sufficiency and use the money on developing our country, instead of spending it on agricultural export subsidies

Frequencies

agree 2 613 25.3 25.7

(40)

disagree 4 361 14.9 15.1

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q52] To prevent the huge pollutant emissions of the Kola Peninsula and other neighbouring areas from polluting our country, Finland should help to solve these problems free of charge

Question

To prevent the huge pollutant emissions of the Kola Peninsula and other neighbouring areas from polluting our country, Finland should help to solve these problems free of charge

Frequencies

agree 2 830 34.2 34.7

disagree 4 476 19.6 19.9

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q53] I am personally interested in European culture (e.g. literature, arts, music, architecture) and it gives me great intellectual satisfaction

Question

I am personally interested in European culture (e.g. literature, arts, music, architecture) and it gives me great intellectual satisfaction

Frequencies

(41)

agree 2 624 25.7 26.1

disagree 4 486 20.0 20.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q54] Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

Question

Finnish people’s wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

Frequencies

agree 2 725 29.9 30.2

disagree 4 475 19.6 19.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q55] It should be possible to forbid strikes which greatly inconvenience outsiders

Question

It should be possible to forbid strikes which greatly inconvenience outsiders

Frequencies

agree 2 506 20.9 21.2

(42)

disagree 4 573 23.6 24.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q56] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

Question

Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

Frequencies

agree 2 585 24.1 24.4

disagree 4 396 16.3 16.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q57] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens’ lack of influence

Question

Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens’

lack of influence

Frequencies

agree 2 322 13.3 13.5

(43)

disagree 4 926 38.2 38.7

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q58] Unless mankind takes up efficient measures to reduce pollution, ev- erything will soon be too late

Question

Unless mankind takes up efficient measures to reduce pollution, everything will soon be too late

Frequencies

agree 2 837 34.5 35.0

disagree 4 111 4.6 4.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q59] Nowadays one does not need to affiliate oneself to any interest group or organisation

Question

Nowadays one does not need to affiliate oneself to any interest group or organisation

Frequencies

agree 2 703 29.0 29.4

(44)

disagree 4 456 18.8 19.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q60] Foreigners’ right to own land, forest, property and shares should be expanded in Finland

Question

Foreigners’ right to own land, forest, property and shares should be expanded in Finland

Frequencies

agree 2 305 12.6 12.7

disagree 4 684 28.2 28.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q61] Unless it manages to lower its high price level, Finland will price itself out of the international trade and economy

Question

Unless it manages to lower its high price level, Finland will price itself out of the international trade and economy

Frequencies

agree 2 736 30.3 30.7

(45)

disagree 4 81 3.3 3.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_1] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our stan- dard of living will be higher

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our standard of living will be higher

Frequencies

likely 1 671 27.7 28.1

not sure/can’t say 2 755 31.1 31.6

unlikely 3 964 39.7 40.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_2] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Unem- ployment be will reduced

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Unemployment be will reduced

Frequencies

likely 1 522 21.5 21.9

unlikely 3 1213 50.0 50.8

2426 100.0 100.0

(46)

[Q62_3] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Opera- tional conditions of enterprises will become better

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Operational conditions of enterprises will become better

Frequencies

likely 1 989 40.8 42.0

unlikely 3 566 23.3 24.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_4] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Cultural life will be enriched

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Cultural life will be enriched

Frequencies

likely 1 1625 67.0 68.3

unlikely 3 254 10.5 10.7

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_5] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: A signifi- cant number of new enterprises will be founded

Question

(47)

likely 1 807 33.3 33.9

unlikely 3 729 30.0 30.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_6] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our na- tional culture will gradually die out

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our national culture will gradually die out

Frequencies

likely 1 526 21.7 22.2

unlikely 3 1313 54.1 55.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_7] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Patrio- tism/nationalism will disappear

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Patriotism/nationalism will disappear

Frequencies

likely 1 502 20.7 21.2

(48)

unlikely 3 1467 60.5 61.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_8] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be cuts in social security

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be cuts in social security

Frequencies

likely 1 930 38.3 39.1

unlikely 3 799 32.9 33.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_9] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Trivial entertainment will invade our homes

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Trivial entertainment will invade our homes

Frequencies

likely 1 1334 55.0 56.1

unlikely 3 532 21.9 22.4

2426 100.0 100.0

(49)

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Finland’s neutrality will be endangered

Frequencies

likely 1 546 22.5 23.0

unlikely 3 1170 48.2 49.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_11] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be a lot of immigration to Finland

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be a lot of immigration to Finland

Frequencies

likely 1 1313 54.1 55.3

unlikely 3 542 22.3 22.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_12] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be a lot of emigration from Finland

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: There will be a lot of emigration from Finland

(50)

Frequencies

likely 1 944 38.9 39.8

unlikely 3 738 30.4 31.1

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_13] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Status of the Finnish language will be endangered

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Status of the Finnish language will be endangered

Frequencies

likely 1 433 17.8 18.2

unlikely 3 1558 64.2 65.5

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_14] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Many foreign enterprises will come to Finland

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Many foreign enterprises will come to Finland

Frequencies

likely 1 807 33.3 33.9

(51)

unlikely 3 833 34.3 35.0

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_15] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Many enterprises will move away from Finland

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Many enterprises will move away from Finland

Frequencies

likely 1 1188 49.0 50.3

unlikely 3 464 19.1 19.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_16] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Finnish capital will be transferred abroad

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Finnish capital will be transferred abroad

Frequencies

likely 1 1158 47.7 48.8

unlikely 3 420 17.3 17.7

(52)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_17] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Price level will fall in Finland

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Price level will fall in Finland

Frequencies

likely 1 946 39.0 39.7

unlikely 3 912 37.6 38.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_18] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our na- tional sovereignty will weaken

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Our national sovereignty will weaken

Frequencies

likely 1 822 33.9 34.6

unlikely 3 953 39.3 40.1

2426 100.0 100.0

(53)

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Traditional values will be forgotten

Frequencies

likely 1 835 34.4 35.1

unlikely 3 931 38.4 39.2

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_20] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Flow of information between countries will increase and become more free

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Flow of information between countries will increase and become more free

Frequencies

likely 1 2038 84.0 85.9

unlikely 3 113 4.7 4.8

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_21] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Rural and remote districts will become desolate

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Rural and remote districts will become desolate

(54)

Frequencies

likely 1 943 38.9 39.6

unlikely 3 773 31.9 32.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_22] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Standard of science will improve

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Standard of science will improve

Frequencies

likely 1 1345 55.4 56.4

unlikely 3 320 13.2 13.4

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_23] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Unrest, illegal drugs and AIDS will spread out to our country

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Unrest, illegal drugs and AIDS will spread out to our country

Frequencies

likely 1 1647 67.9 69.1

(55)

unlikely 3 277 11.4 11.6

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_24] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Finns will become less reserved

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Finns will become less reserved

Frequencies

likely 1 537 22.1 22.5

unlikely 3 984 40.6 41.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q62_25] If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Environ- mental and nature protection will become more difficult

Question

If internationalisation continues to progress in Finland: Environmental and nature protection will become more difficult

Frequencies

likely 1 793 32.7 33.2

unlikely 3 967 39.9 40.5

2426 100.0 100.0

(56)

[Q63_1] Amount of influence at present: Trade unions

Question

Amount of influence at present: Trade unions

Frequencies

too much influence 1 790 32.6 34.1

about the right amount 2 1082 44.6 46.7

too little influence 3 447 18.4 19.3

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_2] Amount of influence at present: Parliament

Question

Amount of influence at present: Parliament

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_3] Amount of influence at present: Government

Question

Amount of influence at present: Government

Frequencies

(57)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_4] Amount of influence at present: Church

Question

Amount of influence at present: Church

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_5] Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision-makers

Question

Amount of influence at present: Municipal decision-makers

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

(58)

[Q63_6] Amount of influence at present: Press

Question

Amount of influence at present: Press

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_7] Amount of influence at present: Conservationists

Question

Amount of influence at present: Conservationists

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_8] Amount of influence at present: Banks

Question

Amount of influence at present: Banks

Frequencies

(59)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_9] Amount of influence at present: Family

Question

Amount of influence at present: Family

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_10] Amount of influence at present: Police

Question

Amount of influence at present: Police

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

(60)

[Q63_11] Amount of influence at present: Political parties

Question

Amount of influence at present: Political parties

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_12] Amount of influence at present: Armed forces

Question

Amount of influence at present: Armed forces

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_13] Amount of influence at present: Large companies

Question

Amount of influence at present: Large companies

Frequencies

(61)

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_14] Amount of influence at present: President

Question

Amount of influence at present: President

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_15] Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organizations

Question

Amount of influence at present: Employers’ organizations

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

(62)

[Q63_16] Amount of influence at present: Civil servants

Question

Amount of influence at present: Civil servants

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_17] Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens

Question

Amount of influence at present: Individual citizens

Frequencies

2426 100.0 100.0

[Q63_18] Amount of influence at present: Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE)

Question

Amount of influence at present: Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE)

Frequencies