The Mining Potential in Eastern Africa: Challenges and opportunities for Collaboration in Mining Education"

The Mining Potential in Eastern

Africa: Challenges and opportunities

for Collaboration in Mining

Education"

Prof. Hamadi Iddi Boga

www.ttuc.ac.ke

[email protected] 0733926733

Taita Taveta University College

Mineral Potential in Africa

• The African continent contributed 6.5% of the world’s mineral exports during 2011 from mining 20% of the world’s land area.

• The Southern African Development Community (SADC) produce two-thirds of Africa’s mineral exports by value.

• The biggest player in the region is South Africa.

• The East African Community (EAC) has several mineral belts that produce (amongst other commodities) tanzanite and gold, with Tanzania being the biggest regional gold producer.

• Burundi has some gold reserves along with copper, cobalt, nickel and uranium deposits.

• DRC is known for copper, diamond and nickel

• Central and West Africa are increasing being seen as boom areas for iron-ore exploration and mining.

• Around 85% of global phosphate reserves are located in North Africa.

Major Challenges for Mining

Investments

• Political Risk

• Resources Nationalism

Mining Education in the Region

• University of Zambia-started in 1973

• Copperbelt University, Zambia (2010)

• Geology has been taught at University of

Nairobi and University of Dar es Salaam with focus on Hydrology

• South African Universities have a more established tradition in Mining Education

Explosion of HE in Kenya

• Between 2006 and 2012 Admission Increased from 8,000 to 42,000 (400% increase)

• Still less than 50% of students who get C+ and above

• A Tsunami of free primary education graduates headed to the Universities in 2015 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Taita Taveta University College

• Challenges in Access to Higher Education in Kenya

• Started in 2007 as JKUAT Taita Taveta Campus to

offer Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering

• 2011-changed to a Constituent College of JKUAT

• Students stand at over 2000 students in

Postgraduate, Degree, Diploma, Certificate courses)

www.ttuc.ac.ke

Kenya’s Mineral Potential

• Geological Mapping and Surveying in Kenya

• Mining Potential is apparent

• Mining is not new in Kenya

– Cement/Limestone/ Gypsum – Magadi Soda – Fluospar – Titanium – Nobium Mining – Gold – Gemstones

Mining Sector

• Contributes to less than 1% of the GDP

• Constrained by:

– Lack of Data

– Lack of expertise

– Resource Nationalism

Devolution

• Will fuel resource sub-nationalism?

• Expect a fight between National and County Governments.

• The Governor of Kwale County might like a

definition of the phrase “Kwale is rich” in light of Article 6 of the draft Mining Bill on

Addressing the Knowledge Gap

• Mining Requires a Concentration of skills

Geology, Geomechanical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Metallurgy, Environment, Law, Sociology,

Business Management, Mineral Economics, Logistics, Geoinformatics/GIS Surveying

Vocational Training

• Mates (Certificate and Diploma Level Training)

– Mechanical Engineering – Civil Engineering – Plumbers – Welders – Machine Operators/Drivers – Miners

Geology at University of Nairobi

• Bachelor of Education Science (Geology)

• Bachelor of Science (Geology)

• Bachelor of Environmental Geosciences

• Mineralogy and Petrology

• Economic Geology and Mineral Resources

• Environmental Geology and Management

• Engineering Geology

• Hydrogeology and Groundwater Resource

• Management

• Petroleum Geology

• Marine Geology

• Marine Geology and Resources

• Applied Geochemistry

• Applied Geophysics

• Seismology

• Palynology and Macropalaentology

• Mineral Exploration

Undergraduate

MSc and PhD

Branding TTUC as the Mining

University in Kenya

The TTUC Approved Academic Profile

School of Science and Informatics School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences

School of Business, Economics and

Sociology School of Health Sciences

School of

Engineering, Mines and Technology

Current Programs

• School of Engineering

– Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering

– Short Course in Gemology

• School of Science and Informatics

– BSc Mathematics and Computer Science

– BSc Information Technology

– MSc Information Systems

– Diploma Information Technology

• School of Business, Economics and Sociology

– Bachelor of Commerce

– Bachelor of Purchasing and Supplies Management

– Master of Business and Administration

Proposed Excellence Centres

 Mining, Fuels and Mineral Processing

Engineering

 Gemology (support from NCST and County

Government of Taita Taveta)

Student Numbers in the MMPE

program at TTUC

The Home of Ideas ADMISSION YEAR  2005 /200 6 2006 /200 7 2007 /200 8 2008 /200 9 2009 /201 0 2010 /20 1 1 2010 /201 1 2011 /201 2 2012 /201 3 NUMBER OF STUDENTS 6 15 25 43 20 22 26 29 60 TOTAL 273

Short Courses-Gemology

• For ASM in Taita Taveta County

– Prospecting – Mining – Cutting/Polishing – Marketing – Environmental Protection • Partnerships

– Gemology Institute of America

– UoN-Geology Department

– SEAMIC

– Mines and Geology Department

Partnership in Training and Research

TTUC

Partnerships

• International

– Curtin University in Australia

– Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany

– Clausthal University of Technology, Germany

– University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz

– University of Applied Sciences HTW-Dresden

– National Metallurgy Institute-India

– GIA • Regional

– UMAT (Ghana), University of Zambia

• Local

Challenges for the Mining Engineering

Program

– No thematic leaders (Professors)

– Inadequate Infrastructure (space and equipment)

– Lack of enough attachment/internship places

– Inadequate academic and technical Staff

– A weak research framework

– No opportunities for MSc or PhD in the region

– Weak linkages with Industry

– Challenges with recognition of the graduates by the Engineers Board of Kenya

– Low funding from Government

– Weak International Linkages

– Lack of teaching aides

Who will fund this?

• Creating a Centre of Excellence for Mining and Mineral Processing requires money

• Creating knowledge requires money, people and time

• Returns are long-term

• Money for:

– Infrastructure

– Postgraduate Training

Funding Mining Education

• The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

• The Ministry of Mining

• The National Council for Science and Technology

• The African Development Bank

• Other Donors e.g. the German Academic Exchange Service

• Funding from ADB for:

– MSc Coal Technology (Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering)

• Partners

– Taita Taveta University College

– Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Mining and the Environment

• Kenya is known for its tourism (sandy beaches

and wildlife)

• Tsavo Ecosystem, Lamu and Diani are world class

tourist destinations)

• Protection of the Environment is critical

• Environmental Studies/Science

• Rehabilitation of Mines

• Human Wildlife Conflict

• Biodiversity Conservation

The Home of Ideas

Important Part of Mining

Tsavo Ecosystem

Summarizing Mining Policy Issues

• Mining Policy/Mining Philosophy

• A new law which is guided by the Policy

• Ease of doing Business

• Exploration

• Generation and Digitization of data for easy access

• Sustainability/Environmental protection

• Value addition locally but Energy first

• Logistics and other support services

• Benefit sharing /Social license

• Artisanal and small scale miners (ASM)

• Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI)

Require Relevant Education Research Training and Capacity Building

Conclusion

• Growing Mineral Potential in Eastern Africa

• A serious gap in mining education in Eastern Africa

• International Partnership required

• Eastern Africa has potential and is politically stable.