A Smart Highway Lighting System Using IOT
A.Santhosh Reddy, P.Sarath Naga Sai Ram, SudhaDukkipatiAbstract: Now a day’s energy is being wasted a lot and it cannot be reduced in many cases. Conventional components are replacing by solar-based components. Lights on highways will work for a period of 12 hours a day i.e. evening to the next day morning. It is aware that many of the highways, communities and developed areas are going with solar-based Highway lights which are a one-time investment. Even though solar-based Highway lights are used, in some or the other way energy is getting wasted because lights are required only when vehicles are going on the highways and rest of the time it is not required. In addition to it, solar energy is not available at night times, but lights need power only at night times. Sometimes light is required at a particular time and the rest of the time it is wasted. Based on these factors modifications should be done for Highway lights to save energy smartly. So, it is suggested to install, ―A Smart Highway Lighting System‖ only for Highway lights, because it is identified that much of the energy is wasted on Highway lights. These Highway lights are basically required at night time but when the road is empty lights can be turned off. Considering all the aspects some data have been collected and calculated the data based on slab rates.So, with the help raspberry pi the status of Highway lights can be operated, in this way much amount of energy can be saved. They can be controlled with the help of Proximity sensor, LDR, Current sensor, Relay in addition to the raspberry pi. So, by using these sensors motion of any vehicle passing through can be detected and using LDR lights can be turned on. Real-time operation of Highway lights can be monitored through server client program. And by collecting all these data the results can be compared before and after implementing the prototype ―Smart Highway Lighting System‖.
Index Terms: Smart Highway, Lights, LDR, Proximity, Raspberry Pi, LED, Current Sensor, Energy Conservation.
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1.
INTRODUCTION
In day to day life some problems have been observed, one of them is wastage of energy during night time, mainly at highway lights. So our main objective is to decrease the energy consumption of Lights Using Some sensors like Ambient Light Sensor, Proximity Sensor, Current Sensor, and Relay with the help of Raspberry pi3 and monitor the lights working condition through real time monitoring. In most of the areas like highways and some developed areas Highway lights are attached with a solar panel but some areas like villages and some Highway are still having an operator to turn on and off these Highway lights and there will be a timer, it will automatically switch off the lights in case the switch was not turned off in time. But here are some disadvantages like at late nights there will be no vehicles and people on road there is a chance for vehicles and people to move on the road but in a rare cases like any emergency, etc. so the proposed idea is ―A Smart Highway Lighting System‖. At the time of starting selected to work on this with the help of ZigBee module [1-2], but later it is observed that the range of ZigBee module is less than 20 meters, coming to Highway lights the distance between each pole is nearly 30 metersSo wanted to use another device in place of ZigBee, and searched for many of the devices, later considering all the possible ways selected Raspberry pi3, which will works on python programming. One raspberry pi3 board can be connected with 33 poles (nearly 1km), and with the help of server client program, it can able to monitor the working condition of those Highway lights whenever wanted and this is one time investment.
Energy saving is the perspective and this author proposed a technique which is to reduce light pollution and to save the energy for street lights by placing the lights in pattern with certain intensity in respective shape of the road which was on the extensive analysis of lighting adaptability for selected luminaire here the main intention of the author is to say that placing a light with respective to the shape of the road so that energy consumption and light pollution can be reduced. [3-4] A smart alarm is designed which is mainly suitable for the smart cities which are currently present now. a smart street lamp which is attached a smart alarm will take the signal and based on that the intensity of light will be which is purely based on IOT and this author proposed it for street lights and for parking lots etc. and he also proposed some algorithms to know functioning of LED and working process.[5-7] This author had collected some of the information regarding the attacks on ZigBee device and he wanted to say that someone can hack the ZigBee device and he can control it and he can send messages and fake alerts through it so he selected transmitter node, receiver node and ghost attacker with the help of this node he wanted to solve this attacks on ZigBee device.[8-10] This is a home based energy management system which is truly based on IOT and this can monitor our home which consists of ZigBee hub and IR remote control based and with this technology new devices can be added and also old devices can be deleted all this can be controlled through web based technology and main components here are ZigBee hub connected to the devices in home and home server with which can be control with the help of internet access through any device. [11]
2
COMPONENTS
AND
WORKING
MODULE
EXPLANATION
2.1 Components ————————————————
A.Santhosh Reddy, P.Sarath Naga Sai Ram are pursuing Bachelor degree program in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in KoneruLakshmaih Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India, PH-9885622271, 8142686800. E-mail:
allusanthosh1432@gmail.com, sai.1505123864@gmail.com
SudhaDukkipati,Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Koneru Lakshmaih Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India, PH-9177810693. E-mail: sudhakishore@kluniversity.in.
Fig.1: Raspberry Pi3 Board.
It is also a type of computer which works like CPU but in addition to that mouse, keyboard, SD Card, monitor, and the operating system is Linux had to be pre-installed in SD Card. This Raspberry Pi3 Board will have 40 pins, and out of those 40 pins 8 are ground pins, and 4 are power supply pins out of those four, two are 3.3v power pins and another two are 5v power pins and 24 are GPIO pins. Python is a high level language, with user friendly data structures, and it is object oriented language, and mainly it is portable across all the other operating systems, now a day’s python is being used in many of the top companies also.
Fig.2: Raspberry Pi3 pin configuration .
Fig.3: LDR sensor module.
LDR works on the ambience of nature of the light, it is a light sensing device when the nature light is low and it falls on the LDR then resistance will increases, and light will ON. If the nature light is high then LDR resistance will decreases and light will be OFF.
Fig.4, 5: Proximity Sensor.
This sensor will detect the movement of nearby vehicles by electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic field. Proximity sensor can detect an object without touching it. There are inductive, capacitive, photoelectric and ultrasonic types in proximity sensor.
Fig.6: Current Sensor.
This sensor detects the current passing and sends the feedback signal (i.e. takes the current input and converts it into required output voltage) proportional to that current passing. This sensor also eliminate the disturbances from ground, detects the sudden short circuits caused by high load currents.
Fig.7: Relay.
2.2 Block Diagram
Fig.8: Model Block Diagram.
This is the block diagram that has been constructed with the help of the basic components which are selected.
2.3 Explanation
Switching on and off the Led with the help of Ambient Light Sensor.
Switching on lights when the vehicle is ahead of three poles with the help of proximity sensor.
Monitoring the performance of lights continuously with the help of server client program.
Fig.9: Working module.
2.4 Explanation of Working Module
Proximity sensor will be placed in the road, with a spring attached to the trigger which will detect the movement vehicles, through electromagnetic field and electromagnetic radiation. current sensor will be used to detect the passage of current in the wire and generate a signal proportional to that, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) which will help to observe the nature light, and relay to protect the equipment, from high currents and LED all these sensors, will be connected to raspberry pi3 board, which will run with the help of python programming, and this raspberry pi3 board is used for monitoring the working and performance of Highway lights. The main content here is that, the proximity sensor detects movement of vehicles, and sends the signal and LDR will detect the nature light and, then based on these two sensors the LED will be turned on and off.
Truth table and logic regarding sensors followed by explanation of each condition:
Truth Table
A truth table has assumed with some main components which play a major role and written the program and these things listed in the truth table are the major components in this project.
2.5Algorithm
STEP1: START
STEP2: Run the program
STEP3: Initially Switch off LED(n) STEP4: Assign n=1(No. of sections)
STEP5: Check whether LDR(n) and PROXY(n) equal to 1 STEP6: If LDR(n) and PROXY(n) equal to 1, move to Step-7, else move to step-8
STEP7: Switch on LED(n) and move to step 9 STEP8: Else switch off LED(n) and move to step 9
STEP9: Check whether LED(n) and C. SENSOR(n) equal to 1 STEP10: If LED(n) and C. SENSOR(n) equal to 1, move to step-11, else move to step-12.
STEP11: Print ―Section (n) is WORKING‖ STEP12: Print ―There is a fault in Section (n)‖
STEP13: If PROXY (n+1)-PROXY (n)==0, move to step-14. STEP14: Switch off LED(n)
STEP15: END
2.6 Explanation of Working Conditions of Sensors
These are the representation of working conditions for all the sensors (LDR, LED, Proximity sensor)
3 REAL-TIME
DATA
COLLECTED
As demonstrated in this document, the numbering for sections upper case Arabic numerals, then upper case Arabic numerals, separated by periods. Initial paragraphs after the section title are not indented. Only the initial, introductory paragraph has a drop cap.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
After selecting this project it have been sorted into four steps 1. Content in base paper (main content)
3. Data collection and calculations 4. Coding part
Collected some of the data from Tadepalli municipality, regarding Highway lights and there usage and about the types of wattages required, for particular places. Collected some of the data like panchayats and municipalities like slab rate fixed charge, etc. from government report ―Monitoring and Verification Report Highway Lighting and Domestic Efficient Lighting Program‖. Details of the data collected regarding Highway lights
Real Time Data Collected
As of the information collected from nearby substation, 35watts LEDs are mainly used as Highway lights, and for 1km distance there will be nearly 33 or 34 poles present so, Highway lights in 1km can be controlled with the help of one raspberry pi 3 board.
3.2 Different Types of LEDs and their details
20Watts LED and Name Plate Details
SNO Type Of Road Highway Lights
(Wattage)
1. Small Roads
(30 to 50 Feet Roads)
20W
30W
35W
2. Junctions (2 line roads, 4 line roads)
70W
110W
3. Medium & Big Roads (roads above 50feet)
90W
4. Government Officials or Higher Officials Residence
200W
35Watts LED and Name Plate Details
110Watts LED and Name Plate Details
200Watts LED Name Plate Details
3.3 Prototype Details
These are the components and the required quantity and their cost which is one time investment.
This slab rate details have been collected from government report ―Monitoring and Verification Report Highway Lighting and Domestic Efficient Lighting Program‖.
Slab Rates
4 MODEL
CALCULATIONS
4.1 Introduction
As per the information collected, mostly 35watts Led is preferred for Highway lights so, considered mainly used Led and did some model calculations.
4.2 Calculations (before installing “Smart Highway Lighting System)
Let us consider a Highway Light of 35W/hr with a consumption of 12 hours per day for a time period of one month.
35W x 12Hrs x 30Days
1000KWH
=12.6Units
If a 35W Led Highway Light is switched on for 12hours per Day For 1-month 12.6Units will consumed for a single Led for One Pole.
Considered for Panchayats and the slab rate is 5.98Rs/Unit
12.6Units x 5.98Rs
=76.5Rs/month
For 1Km Distance there will be 33 Highway Lights
33Lamps x 76.54Rs
=2,500Rs/Km/month
Consumption for 1Km Distance for 1-year
2500Rs x 12months
=30,000Rs/Km/Year
4.3 Calculations (after installing ―Smart Highway Lighting System)
Now Let us Assume in 12hours of time 5minutes per hour was saved after Installing Our Project LED Operates on an Average of 11Hours per day then
35W x 11Hrs x 30days
1000KWH
= 11.55 Units
For 1 Highway Light after an Assumption of 1hr saving
SNO Name Of Item Quantity
(For 1km)
Amount
1. Raspberry Pi3 1 2800
2. Proximity Sensor
12 1200
3. LDR 1 100
4. Relay 12 1200
5. Current Sensors
12 1200
Total 6500
Type Slab Rate (Rs./Unit) Fixed Charge
(Rs/Kw)
Panchayats 5.98Rs/Unit 75/KW
Municipalities 6.53Rs/Unit 75/KW
Municipal Corporations
11.55Units x 5.98Rs
= 69.06Rs/month
4.4 Difference Before and After Installing Smart Highway Lighting System
Difference:
76.5Rs – 69.06Rs
= 7.44Rs/LED/month
For 1Km Distance After Installing Prototype
33LED’s x 7.44Rs
= 245.52Rs/Km/month
For 1Km Distance for 1Year Time period the amount saved is
12Months x 245.52Rs
= 2946.24Rs/Km/Year
Nearly 2946.24Rs can be saved for one km per year.
The lifespan of this system and the equipment is minimum 10 years.
The investment will be recovered in 2 years after that a lot of energy can be saved and money also.
33 Units per day for 1km distance can be saved.
By installing ―Smart Highway Lighting System‖ 34.65units can be saved per one month for 1km distance
If ex: 110 watts led
Let us consider a Highway Light of 110W/hr with a consumption of 12 hours per day for a time period of one month.
110W x 12Hrs x 30Days
1000KWH
=39.6Units
If an 110W Led Highway Light is switched on for 12hours per
Day For 1-month 39.6Units will consumed for a single Led for One Pole.
For 1 Highway Light after an Assumption of 1hr saving
39.6Units x 5.98Rs
=236.8Rs/month
For 1Km Distance there will be 33 Highway Lights
33Lamps x 236.8Rs
=7,814Rs/Km/month
Consumption for 1Km Distance for 1-year
7814Rs x 12months
=93,768Rs/Km/Year
4.3 Calculations (after installing ―Smart Highway Lighting System)
Now Let us Assume in 12hours of time 5minutes per hour was saved after Installing Our Project LED Operates on an Average of 11Hours per day then
110W x 11Hrs x 30days
1000KWH
= 36.3 Units
For 1 Highway Light after an Assumption of 1hr saving 36.3Units x 5.98Rs
= 217Rs/month
4.4 Difference Before and After Installing Smart Highway
Before installing Smart
Highway Lighting System
After installing Smart Highway Lighting System
76.5RS/LED/Month 69.06RS/LED/Month
Amount Saved After
installing Smart Highway Lighting System
Amount For Installing Smart
Highway Lighting System
2946.24Rs/Km/Year 6500Rs/Km (1st term investment) Units Consumed Before installing
Smart Highway Lighting System
Units Consumed After installing Smart Highway Lighting System
Lighting System
Difference:
236Rs – 217Rs
= 19Rs/LED/month
For 1Km Distance After Installing Prototype
33LED’s x 19Rs
= 627Rs/Km/month
For 1Km Distance for 1Year Time period the amount saved is
12Months x 627Rs
= 7,524Rs/Km/Year
Nearly 7,524Rs can be saved per one km per year.
The lifespan of this system and the equipment is minimum 10 years.
The investment will be recovered in one year after that a lot of energy and money also can be saved.
99 Units can be saved per day for 1km distance. 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Output
1. Smart Highway Lighting System Setup
2. After detecting the signal from 1st proximity sensor(1st set of lights will on)
3. After detecting the signal from 2nd proximity sensor(2st set of lights will on and 1st set of lights will
off with a time delay) Before installing Smart Highway
Lighting System
After installing Smart Highway Lighting System(vehicle is not available for 1 hour)
236RS/LED/Month 217RS/LED/Month
Amount Saved After
installing Smart Highway Lighting System
Amount For Installing Smart Highway Lighting System
4. After detecting the signal from 3rd proximity sensor(next set of lights will on and previous set of
lights will off with a time delay)
5.Working condition and fault condition after executing in python shell
This ―Smart Highway Lighting System‖ is completely suitable for highways and one ways and the above pictures are attached to explain the working after testing the model and in each picture there is a clear cut explanation and fig 1 is the setup in which already the sensors (i.e. LDR, Proximity) are attached and also fig 1 is the representation of ―Smart Highway Lighting System‖ setup where all the sensors are initial condition and coming to fig 2 explains that when a vehicle passes on the road the if it is day time lights will be off and if it is night time then the first set of lights will be on with the help of LDR(to observe the ambience of nature of the light.) and Proximity(to detect the movement of the vehicle) all these signals are sent to raspberry pi board in which a program is already in loop which will run based on the signals sent through sensors. Coming to fig 3 it states that when the vehicle passes through the next proximity sensor then the second set of the lights (which are next to that sensor) will be in on condition and first set of lights will be in off condition with some time delay and fig 4 also explains the same in which the next set of lights will be in off condition and this process will be continued until where the setup is installed.
6 CONCLUSION
Observed the consumption for a distance of 1 Kilometer and also calculated it for a distance of 1 Kilometer for a month and for a year then it is observed that it can be saved 34.65Units
and it is 7.44RS per LED for one month and it observed that nearly 33 poles will be there for a Kilometer distance and for 1 Kilometer it can be saved 245.52RS per a month and for a year it can be 2946.24RS for a Kilometer distance and nearly 415.8Units for a Kilometer.so that it can save the energy and the investment for prototype will be recovered in 2 years as of the calculations done. It is proposed to install ―A Smart Highway Lighting System ‖ to save energy as described and this is suitable for highways only and in case of street lights it can get more obstacles like continuous movement of people so that it cannot be able to save more energy so it is purely suitable for highways, which will be working with the help of raspberry pi and sensors
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