2012
Amjad Ali Amjad
SST Computer
LDA Model Higher Secondary School Sabzazar, Lahore.
M.Sc Computer Science
Content List
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
01 Introduction to computers
02 Computer Components
03 Input / Output Devices
04 Storage Devices 05 Number System 06 Boolean Algebra 07 Computer Software 08 Introduction to Windows 09 Glossary
Chapter No.1
Introduction to Computers Short Questions:
Q#1: Describe Charles Babbage work in the history of computers. Answer: Charles Babbage Work:
Charles Babbage a mathematical professor
He began to design an automatic mechanical calculating machine which he called as difference engine
By 1822 he developed a model to demonstrate the difference engine which he developed. It was powered by steam and it had the ability to print the results
After 10 years he had a better idea to work on fully functional automatic digital computer called as analytic engine. One person was required to operate this machine and required steam power to run.
Q#2: What is Von Neumann theory?
Von Neumann Theory: according to von Neumann theory data and program can be stored in the same memory, thus the machine can itself alter its program or internal data.
Q#3: Who gave the idea of modern stored-program computers?
Von Neumann gave the idea of modern stored program computer, which is universally adopted and become essential for future generations of computers.
Q#4: What are the goals of fifth generation of computing?
The goal of fifth generation computer is to develop devices that respond the natural language input and are capable of learning and self organization.
Q5. What are the advantages of transistors? Very small in size than vacuum tubes Less expensive than vacuum tubes
Much faster than vacuum tubes about 40 times Do not become hot and burn like vacuum tubes Q6. What is computer terminal?
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system.
Q5. What is computer simulation?
A computer simulation or a computer model is a computer program that used to replicate an abstract model of a particular system. Q#6: What are the language translators?
Language translators are the programs that are used to translate a high level language into machine into machine code. Q#7: What is compiler?
A compiler is a program that translates a source program into machine language. Q#8: What is assembler?
A compiler is a program that translates an assembly language into machine code. Q#9: Differentiate between compiler and interpreter?
Compiler Interpreter
It first reads whole program before executing it It looks at each line of the program and then executes that line
Q#10: What is the difference between digital and analogue computers?
Digital Computers: Digital computers process data in numerical form using digital circuits.
The digital computers perform arithmetic and logic operations with discrete values. In early 1940‟s Aiken built the first general purpose digital computer called MARK-1. Digital computers are used in business, educational institute, hospitals etc. Examples of digital computers are IBM PC, Apple‟s Macintosh etc.
Analogue Computers:
Analogue computers use electronic or mechanical phenomenon to solve the problem by using one kind of physical quantity to represent another.
Early special purpose analogue computers were the slide rule, the curvimeter, plainmeter and the harmonic analyzer. General purpose analogue computers were first built in 1930‟s. Speed meter in the car is best example of analogue computer. Difference between Digital and Analogue Computers:
The difference between an analog and digital computer is the type of data they process. Analog computers process measured data. A speedometer in your car is a common type of analog device. A digital computer processed discrete data (digits). In this case 0 and 1.
Q#11: Define computer. Briefly describe classification of computers. Computers:
An electronic device which processes the data and gives output in the form of information, Classification of Computers:
Computers are classified into following four classes 1. Super computers
2. Mainframe computer 3. Mini Computers 4. Microcomputers
Supercomputer: The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very powerful and are employed for specialized applications that require huge amounts of mathematical calculations.
Super computer can perform more than trillion of calculations per second. Super computer can have thousands of processors.
Super computer can help in global weather forecasting.
CRAY T90 is an example of super computers. Cray, IBM and Hp are the manufacturer of the supercomputers. Mainframe computer:
Mainframes are powerful computers used primarily by corporate and governmental organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.
Mini computers:
A mini computer is a computer that sits in-between the range of a mainframe and a personal computer, or microcomputer. The mini computer is still a multi-user system like a mainframe, but more compact.
Most of the mini computers were able to run proprietary operating systems and specialized hardware. Microcomputers: Microcomputers are the small computers that are found frequently in homes and businesses. The term microcomputer is now rarely used in the market because all desktop computers qualify as microcomputers.
Q#12: What is difference between low level and high level languages?
Low Level Language High Level Language
It is provides deep control on hardware It provides less control on hardware It is difficult for human to understand It is difficult for computer to understand One command usually contains one instruction One command may perform several operations
Example: Assembly language Example: Java, C++, Visual basic
Q#13: Modern computers are based on stored program concept. Who introduces this concept and discuss his contribution in history.
VON Neumann introduced this concept. He gave the idea which states that “data and program can be stored in the same memory, thus the machine can itself alter its program or internal data.”
Q#14: Which language is used for artificial intelligence? LISP is used in artificial intelligence.
Q#15: Which language is used for scientific purposes?
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) is designed at IBM for scientific computing. It was mainly used for scientific purposes. Q#16: For what purpose JAVA was developed?
JAVA was developed by the Sun Microsystems with the basic purpose to control microprocessors which are used in the consumer items such as VCR Toasters and for PDA. Java has the powerful capabilities of network programming.
Q#17: What is the difference between Digital and Analogue computers?
Digital Computers: Digital computers process data in numerical form using digital circuits.
The digital computers perform arithmetic and logic operations with discrete values. In early 1940‟s Aiken built the first general purpose digital computer called MARK-1. Digital computers are used in business, educational institute, hospitals etc. Examples of digital computers are IBM PC, Apple‟s Macintosh etc.
Analogue Computers:
Analogue computers use electronic or mechanical phenomenon to solve the problem by using one kind of physical quantity to represent another.
Early special purpose analogue computers were the slide rule, the curvimeter, plainmeter and the harmonic analyzer. General purpose analogue computers were first built in 1930‟s. Speed meter in the car is best example of analogue computer. Q#18: What are different computer applications? Briefly explain
Various types of computer applications are developed , computer hardware and computer application is very advanced. Computer Application could be define in the some categories. Research in computer science is decided into basic research and applied research in computer science. Some of the computer application used are as detailed as under.
NETWORK APPLICATIONS
Computer Networking is the coordination of communication within a particular system between central (server) and some of its members. Network Topology is the pattern of relationships between a terminal in a computer network, there are various types of network topology.
GRAPH APPLICATIONS
Many types of computers with difference graph applications. Computer graphics applications beginning of its development began in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is a computer program used to draw a picture that gives a new dimension in the field of computer time. There are two obvious ways to enter information into the computer graphics into an application, namely:
1. Direct Graphics Programming, by writing into the programming language. 2. Digitizing (or Graphics) Tablets, by using the mouse.
ANIMATION
Each computer may be having difference specification, so the choosing computer components must be carefully. It is a form of art that appear spontaneously generate life movement on an object. To achieve these effects, animators have to construct a series of frames / images of a subject, that each of the next frames is slightly different from the previous frame. Animation is one of computer applications which intended to give more interesting when using computer.
Computer with a lot of animation is run slowly than poor of animation, so it must increase computer performance for which use many animation. There are actually several different functions to produce computer-based animation and one thereof is an animated three-dimensional (3D). One rather than the technique is to create an object which is then adjusted and moved, in which ultimately will produce a complete 3D animation. Another function is to create computer animations using a standard computer paint tools to paint the frames a single prior to the merger. This is then stored as an image file.
Web applications are a part of computer applications.WWW is the most exciting applications on the Internet and applications such as email is very important and widely used. Every computer have a CPU as main brain, one of main components of a CPU is for support the web applications and computer development.
In this application a lot of convenience that can be done such as: ordered or purchased an item online
register online
reached multimedia, etc
Network technology both cabling and wireless issues bought us connects everywhere. Notices are placed on the WWW called "HomePage" and every home page has the address of each. In order to attract users' attention so that the homepage can be visited, then we have them shape it interesting and there are many clear edicts. In this field of art is necessary, so that the world of advertising and commerce world, the better. The computer applications especially web application most commonly used browser today is Netscape Navigator in the world other than Internet Explorer. Web application be the largest used application because the role of internet history. Without internet web application could not interact with people.
APPLICATION OF EDUCATION
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). Computers are directly used in the learning process, as a substitute teacher or a book. Some CAI applications are: Drill and Practice, Tutorials, Simulation.
Computer Managed Instruction (CMI). The teachers use computers to plan for college, the students adapted to the conditions, which consisted of computer-assisted learning programs, reading, and exams.
Computer Assisted Testing (CAT). Computers are used as test media. Many forms, ranging from simple where the computer (usually through the display) is used as a substitute for examination questions in paper form, to the more advanced form, where the ability of computers used to explore students' abilities in ways actively questioning. APPLICATION OF BUSINESS / OFFICE
Another computer applications is office application, this applications is used for business purpose. Every business, large or small, to process large amounts of data in daily operations. Data obtained from the payroll, customer invoicing and financial accounts, inventory management, and account customers that all fees must be calculated, stored, classified, sorted, directive, processed again, reported, communicated and disseminated at a time. Processing of such data is known as Business Data Processing or Data Processing (DP). If the processing is done by computer, this is known as Electronic Data Processing (EDP). Now every office's employee must could operate computer, so they must know how to use computer to make their job easy.
DBMS (Data Base Management System)
Computers also can be used as Effective in business management. Through a computerized database management system (DBMS) and the SIM, a manager or company executive can be assisted in making decisions about the entire business operation and to provide guidance and instructions to subordinates. DBMS types which common used nowadays is relational database and RDBMS concept.
Application for a Certain Class Air Traffic Control System Airline Reservation Systems
There are so many computer applications; every application has a unique function and specification. Everyone could use computer or explore CPU architecture easily by learning computer tutorial.
MCQs Chapter No.1 Introduction to computers
1. A computer is an electronic device that processes --- and converts it into ………. (a). document, information(b).data, information (c).information, process (d).data, sequence
2. Computers run ………. Which process data and perform tasks based on the instructions contained in the program. (a).CPU (b).program (c). Machine (d).data
3. Printing books and tracking inventory are some examples of ………. Applications (a).computer (b).calculator (c).programming (d). Hardware
4. History of computers starts out about ………….. years ago (a).4000 (b).5000 (c).50000 (d)3000
5. The first computer of history is known as the ……… (a). ANIAC (b).EDVAC (c).Abacus (d).calculator
6. Abacus was the wooden rack holding horizontal wires with …………. Strung on them. (a) beads (b).numbers (c).digits (d)0 and 1
7. With the help of abacus all regular ………. Problem can be done. (a). computer (b).engineering (c).mathematics (d) daily
8. John Napier a Scottish mathematician created ……… tables to facilitate calculations. (a). Numeric (b).mathematical (c).logarithmic (d).tabular
9. John Napier created a device using ………… to perform arithmetic calculations. (a).rods (b).beads (c). Wires (d).CPU
10. People used the concept of logarithms to develop the ……… rule. (a).addition (b).slide (c).counting (d)calculating
11. Slide rule was used till the middle ………… (a).70‟s (b).60‟s (c).80‟s (d). 50‟s
12. Pascal invented the machine that has the system of ……… (a).Gears (b).steps (c).boxes (d).circuits
13. Pascal calculators were not accepted commercially just because of lack of ………….. for practical use. (a). digits (b).precision (c).correction (d).numbers
14. ………….. Produced a machine that was similar to Pascal but more reliable and accurate. (a). Von Leibniz (b).Napier (c).Von Neumann (d).Pascal
15. Charles Babbage designed an automatic mechanical calculating machine called a ………. (a). Variation engine (b). Analytical engine(c).computer engine (d). Difference engine 16. Difference Engine was designed in ………..
(a). 1822 (b). 1852 (c). 1842 (d) 1832
17. Babbage constructed fully program controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer called
(a).Difference Engine (b).Calculating Engine (c).Variation Engine (d). Analytical engine 18. Analytical engine was supposed to operate automatically by ………. And require only one person.
(a). Electricity (b).Water (c). Steam power (d) automatic 19. Punch cards were used by ………
(a). Napier (b).Hollerith (c). Pascal (d).John Neumann
20. In 1890 Herman Hollerith developed the first electro-mechanical ………..tabulator. (a). keyboard (b).punched card (c). geared (d) slide rule
21. Invention of ……… opened a gate to modern data processing. (a). keyboard (b).gears (c).punched card (d). mouse
22. In 1942 john p Eckert and john W. Mauchly decided to build a high speed electronic computer called as (a). EDVAC (b).ENIAC (c). UNIVAC (d).Printer
23. ENIAC stands for ………..
(a).Electro-mechanical Integrator and calculator (b).Electric numbers for integration and calculation (c). Electrical numerical instrument and calculator (d) Electrical numerical integrator and calculator 24. Stored program technique was invented by ………
(a). Von Neumann (b).Napier (c).Mauchley (d) Bill-gates
(a). data, information (b).data and program (c). data, software (d) data, hardware 26. ………… and ……….. were the first commercially available computer.
(a). EDVAC, UNIVAC (b). EDVAC, ENIAC (c). EDSAC, UNIVAC (d) EDVAC, ANSII 27. In ---very large scale integration (VLSI) became more and more common.
(a). 1980‟s (b). 1990‟s (c). 1950‟s (d) 1970‟s 28. Vacuum tubes were used in --- generation of computers.
(a). 3rd (b).2nd (c).1st (d)4th
29. The most important computers of first generation were---and ---.
(a). ENIAC and UNIVAC(b). ENIAC & EDVAC(c). EDVAC & UNIVAC(d) ENIAC and ANSII 30. ENIAC consumed---kilowatts of power and was capable of doing --- additions.
(a). 150,5000 (b).130,4000 (c). 140,5000 (d).140,4000 31. ENIAC was a decimal rather than a --- machine.
(a). Binary (b).Digital (c). Low Level (d) High Level
32. The major drawback of --- was that it had to be programmed manually by setting switches and plugging and unplugging cables.
(a). ENIAC (b).EDVAC (c).UNIVAC (d).ANSII 33. First computer developed for commercial use was……….
(a). ENIAC (b).EDVAC (c).UNIVAC (d).ANSII 34. --- was invented in 1947 by William Shockley.
(a). Vacuum tubes (b).Transistor (c). IC (d) Electrical Circuits 35. A Transistor can work --- times faster than vacuum tubes.
(a). 30 times (b).40 times (c). 50 times (d)100 times 36. The transistor was invented at --- in 1947.
(a). Bell Labs (b).Dell Labs (c).sea shore (d).space
37. Most of the 2nd generation computers used magnetic core memory as ………. (a). external storage (b).internal storage (c). RAM (d).ROM
38. IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 are examples of --- generation of computers. (a). 2nd (b).1st (c).3rd (d)5th
39. The concept of --- was developed by Jack St.Clair Kilby in 1958. (a). IC (b).Vacuum Tubes (c). Transistors (d). Rods 40. First IC was invented and used in ---.
(a). 1961 (b).1951 (c). 1971 (d).1941
41. An IC is about --- square inch and can contain thousand of transistors. (a).1/8 inches (b).1/2 inches (c).1/3 inches (d).1/4 inches
42. A single IC chip contains thousands of ---
(a).circuits (b). Vacuum tubes (c). Transistors (d).none of the above
43. IBM 360, UNIVAC 1108, IBM 370 were the successful computers of --- generation. (a).1st (b).2nd (c).3rd (d).4th
44. Ted Hoff produced first microprocessor in --- for ---
(a). 1971, Microsoft (b).1971,Intel (c).1961,Intel (d).1971,Windows 45. First microprocessor was named as ---
(a). Intel4004 (b).Intel 4001 (c).Intel 4003 (d)Intel 4000
(a).one (b).half (c).1/4th (d). two
47. Apple Macintosh and IBM PC are the examples of --- generation computers (a).1st (b).2nd (c).3rd (d).4th
48. 4th generation of computers started with the inventions of ---
(a). Integrated circuits (b).microprocessor (c).transistors (d).all of the above 49. Computers of 4th generation used --- memory.
(a).conductor (b).silicon (c).semiconductor (d).none of the above
50. Fifth generation of computer is based on --- and are still in development stage. (a). natural intelligence (b).artificial intelligence (c).intelligence (d).human intelligence 51. Early special purpose analog computers were the ---, curvimeter and plainmeter.
(a). slide rule (b).speed meter (c).abacus (d).difference engine
52. The goal of fifth generation computing is to develop devices that respond to ---and are capable of learning and self-organization.
(a). natural language (b).old language (c).modern language (d). Computer language 53. General purpose analog computer was first built in ---.
(a). 1920 (b).1930 (c).1940 (d).1830
54. Digital computers process data in numerical form using---.
(a). digital circuits (b).analogue circuits (c).claculator (d).none of the above 55. In 1940s, Aiken built first general purpose digital computer called---
(a).Mark-II (b).Mark-X (c).Mark-2 (d).Mark-1
56. ---computers used analog to digital conversion and digital to analog conversion.
(a). dual computers (b).hybrid computers (c).digital computer (d).analog computers 57. Example of supercomputers is---
(a). IBM-PC (b).Mark-1 (c).Cray-T90 (d).Apple Macintosh 58. Supercomputer can perform more than--- calculations per second.
(a). 1 million (b).10 million (c).2 million (d)1 trillion
59. A --- is a monitor and keyboard connected to a mainframe. (a). terminal (b).dummy (c).computer (d).personal computer 60. HP 3000 is an example of ---
(a). Minicomputers (b). Microcomputers (c). Main frame computers (d)super 61. In 1981, IBM called its first microcomputer the---
(a). IBM-360 (b).IBM-PC (c).Mark-1 (d).none of the above 62. Set of instruction to solve any kind of problem is called ………..
(a).computer program (b).code (c).software (d). information 63. --- are a way of communicating with the computer.
(a).natural language (b).high language (c). human language (d). computer language 64. There are --- types of computer languages.
(a). one (b).two (c).three (d).four
65. --- language provides the programmer high degree of control. (a).high level (b).low level (c).Java (d).middle level 66. --- is very close to machine language.
(a).Basic language (b).natural language (c).computer language (d). Assembly language 67. Programs written in assembly language code are translated into machine code by an ---
(a). Assembler (b).interpreter (c). Compiler (d).de-assembler
68. Machine code can also be converted back into ---using deassembler.
(a). computer code (b).assembly code (c).pc-code (d).all of the above 69. High level languages are close to human language but far from ……….
(a). machine language (b).natural language (c).computer language (d). Assembly language 70. High level languages are also called as --- generation languages.
(a). first (b).second (c).third (d).fourth 71. FORTRAN stands for ……….
(a). for translation (b).formula translation (c).Fort Ran (d).all of the above 72. The Fortran was designed at IBM for --- computing
(a). scientific (b). Engineering (c). Medical (d).mathematics 73. BASIC stands for ---
(a).Base IC (b).Basic Intelligence
(c). basic all purpose symbolic instruction code (d). beginners all purpose symbolic instruction code 74. --- was designed to allow students to write programs using time-sharing computer terminals.
(a). C/C++ (b).Java (c).BASIC (d).Assembly Language 75. COBOL stands for ---
(a).Cobalt Oil (b). Common business oriented language (c). Commercial business oriented language (d). Common business language
76. LISP stands for ---
(a). List Processing (b).List in processing (c). Processed List (d)none of the above 77. LISP was designed for --- research.
(a). Artificial intelligence (b).scientific (c). Engineering (d).mathematics 78. C was developed in 1972 by ---
(a). Dennis Ritchie (b). Mauchley (c).Neumann (d). Sun Microsystems 79. ---is commonly used to program operating system.
(a). BASIC (b).JAVA (c). C Language (d).LISP 80. --- is very useful for compiler writing.
(a). BASIC (b).JAVA (c). C Language (d).LISP 81. --- was an extension to C using OOP concept.
(a). BASIC (b).GWBASIC (c).C++ (d).Java 82. --- is most often used in simulations, such as games. (a). BASIC (b).GWBASIC (c).C++ (d).Java 83. --- was first visual development tool from Microsoft.
(a). BASIC (b).GWBASIC (c).C++ (d).Visual Basic
84. --- was developed with the primary purpose to control microprocessors. (a). BASIC (b).GWBASIC (c).C++ (d).Java
85. An --- is a program that translate an assembly language program into machine code. (a). Assembler (b).interpreter (c). Compiler (d).de-assembler
86. A --- is a program that translates a source program into machine language. (a). Assembler (b).interpreter (c). Compiler (d).de-assembler
(a). Assembler (b).interpreter (c). Compiler (d).de-assembler
88. An --- looks at each line of the program checks errors and then executes that line. (a). Assembler (b).interpreter (c). Compiler (d).de-assembler
Answer key for MCQs (Chapter#02)
1.b 2.b 3.a4.b 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.c 9.a 10.b 11.a 12.a 13.b 14.a 15.d 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.b 20.b 21.c 22.b 23.d 24.a 25.b 26.a 27.a 28.c 29.a 30.c 31.a 32.a 33.c 34.b 35.b 36.a 37.b 38.a 39.a 40.a 41.d 42.c 43.c 44.b 45.a 46.a 47.d 48.b 49.c 50.b 51.a 52.a 53.b 54.a 55.d 56.b 57.c 58.d 59.a 60.a 61.b 62.a 63.d 64.b 65.b 66.d 67.a 68.b 69.a 70.c 71.b 72.a 73.d 74.c 75.b 76.a 77.a 78.a 79.c 80.c 81.c 82.c 83.d 84.d 85.a 86.c 87.c 88.b
CHAPTER NO. l FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. One of the earliest and the simplest computing devices, developed about 3000 years ago, was_____________. 2. A simple _______consists of a rectangular wooden frame carrying several parallel
wires, each wire sporting a number of beads.
3. In Napier's idea of product, the numbers in the top row were known as__________
4. Napier's idea of logarithm gave birth to another very useful and commonly used calculating device called________
5. A slide rule consists of two scales __________ and__________.
6. The __________is an example of an analog-processing device, which means that the numbers are represented by position on a scale rather than by digits.
7. In 1642 Blaise Pascal designed a machine called_____.
8. _______in 1672 developed a calculating machine which could not only add and subtract but also multiply and divide numbers directly.
9. In 1786 J.H.Muller proposed another calculating machine called a_______________. 10. The lifetime project of Charles Babbage was to build a new machine known as ___ 11. Analytical engine was consisted of five units i)______ii)_______ iii)_______ iv) _______v)_______.
12. The__________ unit of analytical engine was used to store the numbers fed to the machine and also those numbers that were generated during the process of problem solving. 13. The_____unit of analytical engine was the arithmetic and logic unit.
14. The_____unit of analytical engine was to supervise all the other units and direct their working.
15. The______unit of analytical engine was to supply data and instructions to the store. 16. The_________unit of the analytical engine was to display the results of calculations.
17. The first relay computer (electromechanical machine) using binary system was called the_________________. 18. In 1944 Dr.Howard Aiken designed and electromechanical machine known as Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) or_________________.
19. The invention of thermionic valve (vacuum tube) in 1906 opened the gates for development of__________. 20. ENIAC stands for__________________________ .
21. EDSAC stands for_______________________________. 22. EDVAC stands for_______________________________. 23. UNIVAC-1 stands for_____________________________.
24. In first generation computers_________were used instead of relays.
25. Second-generation computer were able to perform a single operation in______and were capable to store data in Kilos of bytes.
26. In second-generation computers _____________were used instead of vacuum tubes. 27. ________________Computers had built-in error detecting devices.
28. HLL stands for _________________ . 29. ICs stand for___________
31. __________ Computers were able to perform multiprogramming and database management.
32. Four generation computers use microprocessor chips known as______.________. 33. An era of personal computers started with___________when he produced ZX-80 and ZX-81.
34. ICOT stands for_______________________________________. 35. AI stands for_________________________________________. 36. PROLOG stands for________________________________•
37. There are three categorizers of computers depending upon the design and technology 1)______2)______3)________.
38. An______computer accepts data in continuous or physical form.
39. A______computer accepts data in the form of discrete numbers or digits. 40 A____ __computer combines best features of Analog and Digital computers. 41. There are four main types of computers depending upon the size and speed of the computer which are 1)________2)________3)___________4)___________. 42. _____________are the largest, fastest and most expensive computers developed to solve the complicated problems.
43. _____and_______ are the examples of supercomputers. ANSWERS:
ABACUS 2. ABACUS 3. Logarithms 4. Slide Rule 5. (i) The Rule (ii) The Slide 6. Slide Rule 7.Pascal Calculators 8. Leibnitz 9. Difference Engine 10. Analytical Engine 11.Store, Mill, Control, Input, Output. 12. Store 13. Mill 14. Control 15. Input 16. Output 17.Complex Calculator 18.Mark-l 19.Electronic Computers 20. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator 21.Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer 22.Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer 23. Universal Automatic Computer 24. Vacuum Tubes 25. Microseconds 26. Transistors 27.Second
Generation 28. High Level Language 29. Integrated Circuits 30. Integrated Circuits31.Third Generation 32. Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) 33. Clive Sinclair 34. Institute For New Generation Computer Technology 35.Artificial Intelligence 36. Programming In Logic 37.Analog Computers, Digital Computers, and Hybrid Computers. 38. Analog 39. Digital 40. Hybrid 41. Supercomputers, Mainframe Computers, Minicomputers, Microcomputers 42.Super Computers 43. CRAY-1, CRAY-2
Chapter No.02
Computer Components Short Questions
Q#1.What is the difference between computer hardware and software? Computer Hardware:
Physical parts of the computer system that you can feel and touch are known as computer hardware. Examples: keyboard, mouse, motherboard, RAM, CPU etc.
Components of computer hardware:
Following are the components of computer hardware.
Input Unit: input unit consists of input devices. It is used to insert data into the computer. Keyboard, scanner, microphone are the major input devices.
Output Unit: output unit of computer system consists of output devices. It is used to display data from the computer. Printer, monitor and speaker are the major output devices.
System Unit: system unit contains number of other component which is enclosed in a rectangular casing. Casing is available in two forms, tower casing and desktop casing. Most important components of the system unit is motherboard. All other components are attached onto it.
Computer Software:
Organized collection of computer data and instructions is called computer software. Q#2: What is computer, computer program?
Computer:
Computer is an electronic device which is used to process data and give output in the form of information. Computer Program:
Set of instructions given to the computer to solve a specific problem. Q#3: Write short note on following
1. Central processing Unit 2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit 3. Control Unit
1. CPU: CPU is a highly complex set of electronic circuitry that executes program instructions.
CPU has the ability to recall numbers from memory and perform arithmetic and logical operation with them such as addition or multiplication and then store the results.
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit:
Part of the CPU which executes all arithmetic and logical operations is called ALU. ALU can perform following operations
Addition Subtraction Multiplication
Division and Logical operations 3. Control Unit:
Part of the CPU which directs the entire computer system to carry out or execute the programs is called CU.
It controls flow of information and helps to perform activities of other units. This job is performed through clock pluses. Clock pulses regulate the activities.
CPU has location to store the results which are still in process. These temporary storage locations of CPU are called registers.
Q#4: What are the logical operators? Logical Operators:
The logical operators compare Boolean expressions and return a Boolean result. Logical operators are
Equal: it is used for comparing two values either equal or not? The symbol used for this operator is “=” Less equal: it return true when one value is less than second value. The symbol used for this operator is “<=”
Greater Equal: it returns true when first value is greater than the 2nd value. The symbol used for this operator is “>=” Q#5: What are the CPU registers:
CPU has location to store the results which are still in process. These temporary storage locations of CPU are called registers. Q#6: What is a system bus? Differentiate between data bus, address bus and control bus?
System Bus:
A communication channel through which devices a connected together is called a BUS or system bus. Data bus, address and control bus are collectively called as system bus.
Data Bus Address Bus Control Bus
Data bus carries data Address bus carries address bus Control bus carries control information
It connect CPU, Memory, I/O devices and secondary storage devices
It connects CPU and memory It directs the transfer of data from memory to ALU
Q#7: Differentiate between system software and application software?
System Software Application Software
The program that manages the actual operation of the computer hardware
The program that is used to complete the task of the user.
Examples Windows OS, Linux, Mac etc. Example: Image viewer, database, spreadsheet etc.
Q#8: Write a Note on Main Memory and secondary memory. Also give examples. Main Memory:
The memory which is directly accessible by the by the processing unit is called main memory. Contents are lost when computer is switched off.
Store and retrieval of data is much faster from main memory. Main memory is located on mother board so data retrieval is faster. Main memory is expensive than secondary memory.
Examples: the example of main memory is RAM Secondary Memory:
The additional memory to store data which is more than the storage of main memory is called secondary memory. Examples: the example of secondary memory is flash memory, tape drives, hard disk drives, floppy disks etc. Q#9: What are the different kinds of input devices and output devices?
Input Devices: the devices which are used to enter data and instructions into the computer are called input devices. Kinds of Input Devices:
Keyboard Pointing Devices Mouse Joy Stick Scanning Devices Scanner Voice Input Devices
Microphone
Output Devices: The devices which are used to receive data and information from the computer are called output devices. Kinds of Output Devices:
Most commonly output devices are: Monitor
Printer Speaker
Q#10: Define magnetic disk? Magnetic Disk:
A memory device that is covered with a magnetic coating on which digital information is stored in the form of microscopically small, magnetized needles is called as magnetic disk.
Data on magnetic disk is recorded into the magnetic material in machine code. Disks have become popular due to their random access. These disk spin in the disk drives Read/Write heads moving on the disk along its radius can read data at any location under the heads.
Different types of disk drives and magnetic disks are in use. The most popular types of magnetic disks are interchangeable disks called the floppy disks and fixed disks called the hard disks.
Generally PCs are configured with at least one hard disk drive and one floppy disk drive. Hard Disk provided a very big storage capacity and are very fast but these are not inter changeable. Floppy disks are smaller than the hard disk, because they always consists only one platter. Floppies are available in size of 3.5" and 5.25" inches. Both of them are available in double density and high-density storage capacities. The storage capacities of these diskettes used for IBM compatible computer.
Q#11: Explain Random Access Memory. Random Access Memory:
RAM is an example of main memory. The contents loaded in main memory are directly accessible by the CPU. It is also called a volatile memory because the contents are lost as the computer is switched off. Data storage and retrieval from RAM is much faster than secondary storage because it is present of motherboard.
Q#12: What is USB port?
A USB flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory with Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk.
Short for Universal Serial Bus,
It supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps.
A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127peripheral devices. USB also supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot plugging.
Q#13: What is port? Also explain the difference between serial and parallel port. Port:
An interface on a computer to which you can connect a device is called a port.
Personal computers have various types of ports. Internally, there are several ports for connecting disk drives, display screens, and keyboards. Externally, personal computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice, and other peripheral devices. Almost all personal computers come with a serial RS-232C port for connecting a modem or mouse and a parallel port for connecting a printer.
Difference between Serial and Parallel port:
Serial port Parallel Port
Serial port is slower for data communication Parallel port is much faster for data communication serial ports have two data lines: One transmission
and one receive line
Parallel port has eight data line To send a data in serial port, it has to be sent one bit
after another
In parallel port, all the 8 bits of a byte will be sent to the port at a time
Serial port is used for modems, controllers, or other devices.
Parallel port is mostly for printers.
Q#14: What is floppy disk? Differentiate between hard disk and floppy disk:
Although slower than a hard disk, are inexpensive and can easily moved from computer to computer. They are comparatively fragile and must be handled with care.
Difference in the Capacity between Hard Disk and Floppy Disk
A hard disk contains several disk platters stacked on a single rotating spindle. Data are stored on all recording surfaces. For a disk with four platters, there are eight recording surfaces on which data can be stored. A floppy disk has only one platter on which data is written, that is why the storage capacity of a hard disk is more as compared to the floppy disk. Hard disks or fixed disks are also called Winchester disk are permanently installed or fixed within the system unit.
MCQs Chapter No.02
1. A --- is a device that accepts data and processes it for some result based on a sequence of instructions. (a).calculator (b).CPU (c).computer (d).system
2. The sequence of instructions given to computer for manipulating data is known as--- (a).code (b).simulator (c).program (d).information
3. The process of performing arithmetic and logic operations with the help of computer is known as --- (a).Data processing (b).EDP (c).information (d).ALU
4. Physical parts of the computer that we can touch and feel are known as--- (a).software (b).hardware (c).system (d).monitor 5. Computer can be divided into input, output and---
(a).monitor (b).CPU (c).system unit (d).display unit 6. Keyboard is used to input--- data
7. Mouse is used as a --- device.
(a).input device (b).pointing device (c).clicking device (d).output device 8. --- is used to trigger different commands.
(a).mouse (b).keyboard (c).monitor (d).CPU 9. --- is used to enter Voice data.
(a).scanner (b).microphone (c).monitor (d).keyboard 10. Scanner is used to enter --- data
(a).voice (b).image (c).text (d).alphabetic 11. --- is received to use voice output
(a).microphone (b).scanner (c).monitor (d).speaker 12. ---is used to output text and image data.
(a).microphone (b).scanner (c).monitor (d).speaker 13. --- is used to get output on paper.
(a).microphone (b).printer (c).monitor (d).speaker
14. Casing is available in two shapes vertical shape called--- and horizontal shape called--- (a).vertical shape, horizontal (b).desktop. tower
(c).long shape, wide shape (d). Tower shape, desktop shape
15. The most important component of system unit is rigid rectangular circuit board called---. (a).hardboard (b).motherboard (c).CPU (d).clipboard
16. Motherboard is made up of --- (a).iron (b).steel (c).sand (d).silicon
17. Organized collection of computer data and instructions is called--- (a).program (b).software (c).hardware (d).firmware
18. A --- is a set of instructions given to the computer to solve a particular problem. (a).data (b).information (c).program (d).software
19. Computer software is divided into two major categories--- and --- (a).system software, application software (b).application software
(c).program, software (d).code, program
20. A program that is responsible for controlling and managing the actual operation of the computer hardware is called---
(a).application software (b).system software (c).operating software (d).computer software
21. --- is used to accomplish tasks specified by user. (a).application software (b).system software
(c).operating software (d).computer software
22. Example of application software is ---
(a).windows (b).Linux (c).word processor (d).operating system
23. --- is a highly complex set of electronic circuitry that executes program instructions.
(a).CPU (b).ALU (c).CU (d).RAM
24. CPU consists two main parts--- and --- (a).ALU, CU (b).Brain, Body (c).Register, CU (d).ALU, Register
25. --- consists of electronic circuitry that executes all arithmetic and logical operations. (a).ALU (b).CU (c).CPU (d).System Unit
26. A --- operation is usually a comparison of numbers, letters or special characters. (a).Arithmetic (b).equal (c).logical (d).relational
27. The --- consists of circuitry that generates signals to direct the entire computer system to execute the program. (a).CU (b).ALU (c).Cache (d).CPU
28. --- are used to regulate and control the speed of all the operations. (a).clock pluses (b).ALU (c).Register (d).CPU
29. The processor has a number of storage locations to store information that is currently being processed called as ---
(a).cache (b).memory (c).RAM (d).register 30. Registers are managed by ---
(a).ALU (b).CU (c).ROM (d).RAM
31. --- is a communication channel by which CPU interacts with other devices.
(a).BUS (b).USB (c).Port (d).Connector
32. A --- is composed of set of communication lines or wires.
(a).BUS (b).USB (c).Port (d).Connector
33. Capacity of bus depends upon the number of --- it contains. (a).data lines (b).bit lines (c).control lines (d).port lines 34. There are --- different kinds of buses in computer system.
(a).one (b).two (c).three (d).four 35. Data bus carries ---
(a).signals (b).instructions (c).data (d).address 36. Address bus carries---
(a).data (b).signals (c).information (d).address 37. Address bus only connects --- and ---
(a). CU, ALU (b).CPU, RAM (c).CPU, Monitor (d).CPU, ROM
38. If an address bus has 8 lines, the maximum number of memory locations that can be addressed are --- (a).256 (b).255 (c).128 (d).1024
39. Control bus carries --- from control unit to other units (a).data information (b).control information
(c).address information (d).only information
40. ---directs the transfer of data from memory to the ALU
(a).CU (b).ALU (c).CPU (d).ROM
41. Computer storage is also referred to as computer ---. (a).cache (b).Memory (c).processing (d).program 42. There are --- type of computer memory.
(a).two (b).three (c).four (d).five 43. --- memory is directly accessible by the processing unit.
(a).main (b).secondary (c).tape drive (d).CD ROM
44. As soon as the computer is switched off the ---- of the main memory are lost. (a).address (b).signals (c).contents (d).text
45. The additional memory required in all computer systems is called--- (a).secondary memory (b).tertiary memory
46. Through --- devices we feed data to the computer.
(a).hardware (b).pointing devices (c).input device (d).display devices 47. Computer after processing data gives output through some devices called----
(a).output devices (b).pointing devices(c).input device (d).display devices
48. A socket that enables and external device to be attached to the computer is called--- (a).USB (b).connector (c).Bus (d).Port
49. All communication with the external devices is the result of properly connected--- (a).bus (b).USB (c).port (d).connector
50. There are --- basic types of ports
(a).two (b).three (c).four (d).five
51. A --- port allows a serial hardware device to communicate with the computer by transmitting one bit of information at a time.
(a).serial port (b).parallel port (c).USB port (d).port 52. --- devices don‟t required fast data transmissions.
(a).parallel (b).serial (c).pointing (d).scanning 53. Serial ports are often referred to as --- ports.
(a).parallel ports (b).COM ports (c).Ports (d).LPT ports 54. Old serial ports used --- pin connectors
(a).9 (b).25 (c).64 (d).32
55. New computers contains only --- pin connectors
(a).9 (b).25 (c).64 (d).32
56. Parallel port is much --- than serial port
(a).Equal (b).similar (c).faster (d).slower 57. Parallel port can transmit --- bits of data at a time.
(a).9 (b).25 (c).64 (d).32
58. Most devices that send and receive large amount of data, use --- ports (a).parallel ports (b).COM ports (c).Ports (d).None
59. Parallel ports are often referred to as --- ports (a).parallel ports (b).COM ports (c).Ports (d).LPT ports
60. Parallel ports are comprised of 25 lines that include --- signal lines and eight ground lines
(a).19 (b).16 (c).17 (d).20
61. ---is a plug and play hardware interface for peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, joystick. (a).BUS (b).USB (c).port (d).keyboard
62. USB has a maximum bandwidth of ---
(a).8Mbits/sec (b). 12Mbits/sec (c). 24Mbits/sec (d). 64Mbits/sec 63. Up to --- devices can be attached with USB
(a).132 (b).124 (c).126 (d).127 64. Tape drive is --- device
(a).storage (b).processing (c).input (d).output
MCQ’s Answer Key
13.b 14.d 15.b 16.d 17.b 18.c 19.a 20.b 21.a 22.c 23.a 24.a 25.a 26.c 27.a 28.a 29.d 30.b 31.a 32.a 33.a 34.c 35.c 36.d
37.b 38.a 39.b 40.a 41.b 42.a 43.a 44.c 45.a 46.c 47.a 48.d 49.c 50.a 51.a 52.b 53.b 54.b 55.a 56.c 57.b 58.a 59.d 60.c
61.b 62.b 63.d 64.a
. CHAPTER NO. 2 FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. A computer along with its peripheral devices is called as______.
2. The work carried out by a computer system is known as _______which means the use of electronic machine to derive results.
3. A computer system has two major divisions known as______and________.
4. The_________part of a computer system consists of physical components installed in a main computer box and all associated equipments interconnected in an organized way. 5. A_____in general consists of three major units. (i) System unit, (ii) Input units and (iii) Output units.
6. A______is a device which allows two computers to communicate on telephone lines. 7. The____________of a computer system contains, (i) The CPU (ii) Memory (iii) Disk drives (iv) Adapters and connectors.
8. _________Js the brain of a computer which performs all the analytical, computational and logical functions that occur inside the system.
9. __________performs different arithmetical and logical operations such as addition, subtraction, division and logical comparison on numerical data in the binary system. 10. A__________is a temporary storage device, which holds data as long as it is being interpreted.
11. The__________is that part of CPU which controls and coordinates the activities of all other computer units.
12. A_________is a set of instructions in sequence, which tells the computer what to do. 13. The capacity of a storage device is expressed as number of_____.
14 One__________is a group of eight bits that forms one character.
15 A bit is a binary number used in digital computers and stands for______________. 16. RAM stands for______________________________________.
17. ROM stands for_____________________________________. 18. PROM stands for_____________________________________. 19. EPROM stands for____________________________________. 20. EAROM stands for________________________:____________.
ANSWERS
1. Computer system 2.Eectronic Data Processing (EPD) 3. computer hardware, computer software 4. hardware 5. computer system 6. modem 7. system unit 8. CPU 9.ALU 10. Register 11. Control unit 12.program 13. Bytes, characters or bits 14. Byte, 15. Binary digit 16. Random access memory 17. Read only memory 18. Programmable read only memory 19. Erasable programmable read only memory 20. Electrically alterable read only memory.
Chapter No. 3
Input/ output devices
Short QuestionsQ#1: What is the function of left click? Left Click:
Left click is use to select a graphical object such as a file icon and a piece of text in a document etc or to press a button such as start button and closing, opening and minimizing a window.
Q#2: What is the function of right click? Right Click:
Right click is used to view the properties of an object such as file, folder, desktop etc. Q#3: What are the functions performed by drag event of a mouse?
Drag Event:
Drag event triggers when we keep on pressing the left mouse button while moving the mouse. This event is used to select more than one item at a time or to drop and object into another application.
Q#4: What is advantage of trackball over mouse?
The advantage of trackball is that the trackball is stationary and it does not require much space for use. Secondly we can place a trackball on any type of surface.
Q#5: What is voice recognition software? Explain. Voice Recognition:
A voice recognition system uses a microphone as input device and it converts a person‟s speech into digital data by comparing the electrical pattern produces by the voice with a set of prerecorded patterns stored in the computer. Explanation:
User can input his voice through speaker into the system. It may be used to say text (word) to the computer or to give commands to the computer. We can open application programs, operate the menus of the application and save the work. Q#2: Name the different categories of input devices?
Input Devices:
Input devices are used to provide data or information to the computer. The computer follows the instructions given to it by and input device. A variety of input devices are used with the computer depending on the type and purpose of input information. For example, a keyboard is commonly used to transfer data or information from human readable form to
machine readable form. Other examples of input devices are: mouse, joystick, trackball, light pens, digitizers, scanners, optical character reader (OCR), touch window, etc.
Mouse
The mouse is an input device that usually contains one or two buttons. As a user moves the mouse on a flat surface, the mouse controls the cursor movement on the screen. When the user presses one of the buttons, the mouse either marks a place on the screen or makes selection from data or menu on the screen. A mouse has a sphere on its underside. This rotates as the mouse is moved along a flat surface.
The mouse translates the direction and speed of rotation into digital signals that identifies the position or control, the cursor on the computer.
A mouse can be used for many applications, ranging from games to drawing and designing products with computer graphics. It provides an alternative for people who are uncomfortable with a keyboard but it also can be used in combination with a keyboard to input data.
Trackball
A Trackball is a pointing device almost like a mouse turned upside down. The user controls the cursor on the screen by rolling a plastic ball with a fingertip or wrist. To execute commands with a Trackball, one or more buttons are pressed, much in the same way as is done with a mouse. The cursor can be moved around on the screen by rolling the ball with a thumb or finger.
Trackball is popular among users of laptop computers when space is limited and may be mounted on either side of the keyboard. For handicapped people who may have difficulty pressing keys on a standard keyboard or using a mouse, the trackball may be the answer since it edoes not require to moves the entire arm to use it.
Scanner
Scanner is an input device. It is also called Optical Reader or Digital Scanner. It scans or reads text and picture printed on a paper and enters them directly into the computer memory.
The advantage of a scanner is that the user needs not type the input data in. This is a lust and accurate method for entering data into the computer. The scanner takes electronic images, of text or pictures from the paper it breaks each image into light and dark dots and stores them into the computer memory in machine codes. Scanned text can be edited by OCR software. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software translates the scanned document into text that can be edited.
The image scanner is useful because it translates printed images into an electronic format than can be stored in
computer's memory. The stored image can be transferred into a paint program or directly into a word processor. You can use software to organize and manipulate the electronic image.
Keyboard
A keyboard is the most commonly used input device which helps us in simply keying in required information in a computer. This information is subsequently stored in the computer‟s memory. A keyboard can be used effectively to communicate with the computer but considered to be relatively slow as compared to other input devices. The keyboard is divided into following divisions:
Q#3: What is keyboard? Name different key categories on the keyboard. Keyboard:
A keyboard is the most commonly used input device which helps us in simply keying in required information in a computer. This information is subsequently stored in the computer‟s memory. A keyboard can be used effectively to communicate with the computer but considered to be relatively slow as compared to other input devices. The keyboard is divided into following divisions:
Alphabetic Keypad:
These keys are similar to a standard typewriter and is used to type general information. Numeric Keypad:
These keys are used to input numeric data only. These are very useful in case of large numeric data input because all numeric keys can be accessed by one hand only. These keys can also be used as an alternative to the screen navigation
and editing keys. Function Keys
These are keys marked as F1 - F12, located normally at the top of the keyboard. These are special keys provided to a programmer which allow him to attach special functions to each key. Each of these function keys are also given some special function in different packages.
Screen Navigation and Editing Keys
These keys are provided to move around in the screen. May programs use these keys to let the user move around the screen display. In some keyboards these keys are also provided inside the numeric keypad as alternate keys. Q#4: Name five important keys on the keyboard along with their function.
Caps Lock:
Computer keyboard toggle key that enables or disables all the letters from being typed in uppercase
.
Back Space Key:Sometimes referred to as the rubout key, the backspace key is used to delete any character before the current position of the cursor.
Tab Key:
An indentation at the beginning of a line to signify a new paragraph in a document. Usually about five spaces Enter Key:
Alternatively referred to as a return key, the enter key is used to return a cursor to the next line or execute a command or operation.
Shift Key:
A keyboard key that allows a user to type a single capital letter. For example, pressing and holding the shift key while pressing the letter a key would generate a capital A.
Home key:
This key is often used to return the user to the beginning of the line or the beginning of a document.
Q#5: What is voice recognition software? Explain.
Speech recognition (also known as automatic speech recognition or computer speech recognition) converts spoken words to text. The term "voice recognition" is sometimes used to refer to recognition systems that must be trained to a particular speaker.
Explanation:
A voice recognition system compares a person's live speech to their stored voice pattern. Larger organizations sometimes use voice verification systems as time attendance devices. Many companies also use this technology for access to sensitive files and networks. Some financial services use voice verification systems to secure telephone banking transactions. These systems use speaker dependent voice recognition software. This type of software requires the computer to make a profile of your voice, that is, you train the computer to recognize your inflection patterns.
Q#6: Define scanners.
A computer scanner optically scans an object such as a document and converts the information into a digital image. The basic principle of a scanner is to analyze an image and process it in some way. Image and text capture (optical character recognition or OCR) allow you to save information to a file on your computer. You can then alter or enhance the image, print it out or use it on your Web page.
Q#7: What is monitor? Differentiate between monochrome and color monitors.
A computer monitor is the device that displays the information produced by the video card. A monitor can come in either LCD or CRT format.
Monochrome : Monochrome monitors actually display two colors, one for the background and one for the foreground. The colors can be black and white, green and black, or amber and black.
Gray-scale : A gray-scale monitor is a special type of monochrome monitor capable of displaying different shades of gray.
Color: Color monitors can display anywhere from 16 to over 1 million different colors. Color monitors are sometimes called RGB monitors because they accept three separate signals -- red, green, and blue.
Q#8: What is difference between hard copy and soft copy?
Soft copy: soft copy is when you view the copy on your computer screen (a computer file) Hard copy: hard copy is when you print it out to have a physical copy of it
Q#9: What is plotter?
A device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer.
Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines, whereas printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots.
Multicolor plotters use different-colored pens to draw different colors.
In general, plotters are considerably more expensive than printers. They are used in engineering applications where precision is mandatory.
Modern plotters use inkjet cartridges instead of a pen to print designs.
MCQ’s Chapter No.03
1. --- devices enable computer to interact with external world. (a). input (b).output (c).external (d).internal
2. User can enter data and instruction into the computer with the help of --- devices. (a). input (b).output (c).external (d).internal
3. The devices which are used to enter data and instructions into the computer are called --- devices (a). input (b).output (c).external (d).internal
4. Keyboard is the standard input device used to enter --- data into the computer (a).numeric (b). Image (c).voice (d).textual
5. Among the most popular keyboard layout are --- and ---
(a). QWERTY, DVORAK (b). QWERTY, KODAK (c). QWERTY, TEXT (d). ABSDF, DVORAK 6. A typical keyboard can have 101 to --- keys
(a).102 (b).103 (c).104 (d).105
7. --- keys are used to move the cursor.
(a).navigation (b).function (c).alphabetic (d).cursor control 8. --- keys are used for special functions
(a).navigation (b).function (c).alphabetic (d).cursor control 9. --- keys are used to enter alphabets, numbers and special characters
(a).alphanumeric (b).alphabetic (c).numeric (d).text
10. --- keys consists of punctuation, special characters and space bar (a).alphanumeric (b).alphabetic (c).numeric (d).special character keys 11. Keys containing mathematical operators are called --- keys
(a).alphanumeric (b).alphabetic (c).numeric (d).text
(a).navigation (b).function (c).alphabetic (d).cursor control
13. Most computer keyboards have a row of --- keys on the top of the keyboard. (a).navigation (b).function (c).alphabetic (d).cursor control
14. --- is used to represent the position where the keyboard‟s input will be placed (a).cursor (b).navigator (c).mouse (d).pointer
15. Keys used for screen navigation are called --- (a).navigation (b).function (c).alphabetic (d).cursor control
16. --- key is used to send special codes to devices and to exit from programs and tasks. (a).Tab (b).escape (c).caps lock (d).enter
17. --- key is used to enter commands or to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. (a).Tab (b).escape (c).caps lock (d).enter
18. Sometimes enter key is labeled as--- instead of enter (a).return (b).backspace (c).arrow (d).space
19. A toggle key when activated causes the alphabets in upper case is called ---key (a).Tab (b).escape (c).caps lock (d).enter
20. --- key is used to move the cursor at the end of line (a).tab (b).end (c).home (d).insert
21. ---key is used in combination with other keys to produce special characters. (a).alt (b).ctrl (c).escape (d).tab
22. --- key enables the cursor to jump a couple of spaces to the right on screen. (a).Tab (b).escape (c).caps lock (d).enter
23. To jump the equivalent spaces to the left --- keys should be pressed (a).Tab (b).shift+tab (c).caps lock (d).enter
24. --- key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of the line. (a).tab (b).end (c).home (d).insert
25. --- moves the cursor one space to the right every time it is pressed (a).tab (b).end (c).home (d).spacebar
26. --- is an on-screen object that is used to select text, access menus and interact with programs (a).pointer (b).navigator (c).menu bar (d).object
27. Some mouses include the --- wheel which is used for scrolling through long documents (a).round (b).wheel (c).scroll (d).all of the above
28. --- referred to the activity that can be performed by using the mouse (a).mouse event (b).event (c).key lock (d).drop
29. A typical mouse can perform three events, left click, right click and --- (a).drag (b).report (c).point (d).push
30. --- click is used to view the properties of an object such as file, folder, desktop. (a)left (b).right (c).double (d).single
31. --- triggers when you keep on pressing the left mouse button while moving the mouse. (a).drag event (b).right event (c).drop event (d). no event
32. --- is a pointing device that works like a mouse (a).joystick (b).trackball (c).pinball (d).pointer 33. --- does not require much space for use
(a).joystick (b).trackball (c).pinball (d).pointer 34. --- is an input device used for games
(a).joystick (b).trackball (c).pinball (d).pointer
35. With a --- the pointer continues moving in the direction the joystick is pointing (a).joystick (b).trackball (c).pinball (d).pointer
36. To stop the pointer you must return the joystick to its ---position (a).right (b).left (c).neutral (d).positive
37. Most joystick contains two buttons called--- (a).push buttons (b).triggers (c).wheels (d).scrolls 38. A--- is an input device which is capable of reading the image
(a).keyboard (b).microphone (c).joystick (d).scanner
39. --- is a software that read the image and converts it into actual text data. (a).OCR (b).CRO (c).LCD (d).CLI
40. --- is an input device that is used to record audio data (a).keyboard (b).microphone (c).joystick (d).scanner
41. --- system is used to input voice through microphone and converts it into text (a).voice recognition (b).OCR (c). Voice (d).Microphone
42. --- is a light sensitive input device shaped like a pen (a).pinball (b).light pen (c).joystick (d).trackball
43. --- is a device that stores images digitally in its memory rather than on film (a).computer (b).hard disk (c).digital camera (d).scanner
44. The machine that reads data from and writes data onto a disk is called --- (a).disk drive (b).hard disk (c).floppy disk (d).compact disk
45. An electronic version of document stored in a storage device is called ---copy (a).hard copy (b).soft copy (c).document (d).folder
46. A printed version of electronic document is called --- copy (a).hard copy (b).soft copy (c).document (d).folder 47. One of the factor affecting the quality of the monitor is ---
(a).color (b).power (c).strength (d).resolution
48. The --- of a monitor refers to the number of pixels on the screen expressed as a matrix (a).color (b).power (c).strength (d).resolution
49. --- monitors can display only one color
(a).monochrome (b).color (c).multi color (d).grey-scale
50. There are two basic types of monitors --- and --- monitor (a). CRT, flat panel (b).LCD, CLI (c).CRT, DCL (d).All of the above 51. A CRT monitor consists of a ---coated screen
(a).sulphur (b).silicon (c).potassium (d). Phosphorus
52. The smallest number of phosphor dot that the gun can focus on is called a --- (a).dot (b).matrix (c).pixel (d).phosphor dot
53. A CRT monitor contains a --- mask which is made up of fine mesh up of metal (a).shadow (b).reflex (c).flex (d).original
transparent but becomes opaque when charged with electricity (a).LCD (b).CRT (c).CLI (d).Cathode Ray
55. Quality of the image displayed by the monitor is defined by the ………. (a) .screen (b).audio controller (c).video controller (d).cathode tube 56. The intermediary device between monitor and CPU is ---
(a).front screen (b).light bulb (c).video controller (d).cathode tube 57. The resolution of the monitor is actually determined by the ---
(a).front screen (b).light bulb (c).video controller (d).cathode tube 58. Video Graphic Array(VGA) has a resolution ---
(a). 640x 480 (b). 640x 840 (c).840x640 (d).460x480
59. Super Video Graphic Array(SVGA) has a resolution --- (a). 1042x768 (b). 2014x768 (c). 1024x678 (d). 1024x768
60. A--- is a device that produces hardcopy on paper (a).LCD monitor (b).monitor (c)printer (d)scanner
61. Depending upon the mechanism used in the printer, printers fall into --- categories (a).one (b).two (c).three (d).four
62. A printer which produces images by striking an inked ribbon with a hammer is called ---- printer (a).impact (b).non impact (c).printer (d).plotter
63. A printer which produces images without striking on paper is called --- printer (a).impact (b).non impact (c).printer (d).plotter
64. Thermal and electrostatic printers are example of --- printers (a).impact (b).non impact (c).printer (d).plotter
65. --- printers use chemically coated paper on which characters are exposed by some means such as laser (a).impact (b).non impact (c).printer (d).plotter
66. Due to no moving parts --- printers are inexpensive and silent (a).impact (b).non impact (c).printer (d).plotter
67. Very fast non impact printers can print more than --- pages per minute (a).240 (b).24 (c).4 (d).200
68. The printers that have characters etched at the outer edge of the pedaled wheel are called --- printer (a).electro thermal (b).electrostatic (c). Daisy-wheel (d).dot matrix
69. The drawback of --- printer is that we cannot print graphics and change font unless the print wheel is physically changed
(a).electro thermal (b).electrostatic (c). Daisy-wheel (d).dot matrix 70. Line printers have speeds ranging from 300 LPM to ---
(a).900LPM (b).1200LPM (c)2400LPM (d).4800LPM 71. LASER stands for ---
(a). Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiations (b). Light Amplification by Simple Emission of Radiations (c). Light Alteration by Stimulated Emission of Radiations
(d).Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiations 72. Laser printers have speed up to --- pages per minute
(a).12 (b).24 (c).36 (d).48
