q4-energy-sources

(1)

Sources

of Energy

Renewable and

Non-renewable

(2)

Sources of

Energy

All forms of energy are stored in different

ways, in the energy sources we use every

day. These sources are divided into 2

groups.

(3)

Natural Resources

• _{Natural resources are substances we obtain from}

the land, water, and air around us.

• _{People use many of the Earth's natural resources.}

All of the products we use have a natural resource

base.

• _{Natural resources are either renewable or}

nonrenewable.

• _{When we use resources to help us do work or for}

(4)

Sources of Energy

• _Renewable

An energy source that can be

replenished in a short period

of time.

• _{Non – Renewable}

An energy source that we

cannot replace.

(5)

Renewable Energy

• _Sun

• _Hydroelect

ric

Wind

Geotherm

al

_Biomass

(plants)

_Water

(6)

Non-Renewable

Energy

• _Oil

Coal

Natural

Gas

_Nuclear

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Disadvantages • _{Inefficient (only 30%}

efficiency).

• _{Releases harmful solid}

carbon particles into the atmosphere.

What is it?

• _{Biomass, is a}

renewable energy source made of

biological

material from

living, or recently living organisms.

• _{Energy is}

released by combustion (burning).

Advantages

• _{Produces less pollution}

than fossil fuels.

• _{Does not cause acid}

rain.

• _{Can be found locally.} • _{It is renewable.}

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Disadvantages • _{Lots of wind turbines}

are needed to produce enough power.

• _{Turbines can only be put}

in windy areas.

• _{It is not always windy.} • _{Some people don’t like}

the look of the turbines.

What is it?

• _{Wind turbines}

are used to generate

electricity from the wind.

• _{The wind turns}

the large blades and the blades turn a generator.

Advantages

• _{Wind is renewable.} • _{Wind is free.}

• _{No greenhouse gases are}

made.

(9)

Disadvantages • _{Solar panels are}

expensive.

• _{When it is cloudy or at}

night there is not enough light.

• _{Some people don’t like}

the look of solar panels.

What is it?

• _{Solar power}

uses energy from the Sun.

• _{Solar panels}

transfer the Suns energy to heat

water.

Advantages

• _{The energy from the Sun}

is free.

• _{The sun does not produce}

greenhouse gases.

• _{The sun will always be}

(10)

Disadvantages • _{Solar cells are}

expensive.

• _{They take up lots of}

space.

• _{They only work in Sun}

light

What is it?

• _{Solar cells}

use energy from the Sun.

• _{Solar panels}

transfer the Suns energy directly into electricity.

Advantages

• _{The energy from the Sun}

is free.

• _{The sun does not produce}

greenhouse gases.

• _{The sun will always be}

(11)

Disadvantages

• _{There are not many places}

where we can build

geothermal power stations.

• _{Harmful gases and minerals}

may occasionally come up from the ground below. These can be

• _{difficult to control.}

What is it?

• _{Rocks under}

the ground are hot.

• _{Water can}

be pumped through these hot rocks and warmed up. Advantages

• _{Geothermal energy does}

not produce greenhouse gases.

• _{The energy source is free}

(12)

Disadvantages

• _{The dam is expensive to build.} • _{By building a dam, the nearby}

area has to be flooded and this could affect nearby habitats.

• _{If it does not rain much we}

may not have enough water to turn the turbines.

What is it?

• _Flowing

water is

used to turn a turbine which

generates electricity.

Advantages

• _{When the electricity is}

generated, no greenhouse gases are made.

• _{The water used is free.} • _{It is a renewable energy}

(13)

Disadvantages • _{Small waves generate}

small amounts of electricity.

• _{Electricity needs to be}

transported from the sea onto the land.

• _{The equipment is}

expensive

What is it?

• _{Waves force}

air in and out of a chamber.

• _{The air}

causes a turbine to generate electricity.

Advantages

• _{Waves are free and will not}

run out.

• _{Wave power does not}

produce greenhouse gases.

• _{There are very few safety}

risks.

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Disadvantages

• _{A dam to make the water flow}

through the generators might be needed.

• _{Plants and animals that live}

nearby might get harmed

• _{The tides only happen twice a}

day, so can only produce electricity at that time.

What is it?

• Tidal power converts the energy from the natural rise and fall of the tides into

electricity.

Advantages

• _{Tides are free and will not}

run out.

• _{No greenhouse gases are}

produced.

• _{It is reliable because we}

know exactly when the tides happen.

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Which of the following energy

resources do YOU think are

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COAL, PETROLEUM, AND

GAS

Coal are considered

nonrenewable

because they can

not be replenished in

a short period of

time. These are

called fossil fuels.

(17)

Advantages to Using Fossil Fuels

• _{Very large amounts of electricity can be generated}

in one place using coal, fairly cheaply.

• _{Transporting oil and gas to the power stations is}

easy.

• _{Gas-fired power stations are very efficient.}

• _{A fossil-fuelled power}

station can be built

almost anywhere.

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Disadvantages of Using Fossil Fuels

• _{The main disadvantage is pollution.}

• _{Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which}

contributes to the "greenhouse effect", warming the Earth.

• _{Burning coal produces sulphur dioxide, a gas that}

contributes to acid rain.

• _{With the United States importing 55% of its oil, oil spills are}

a serious problem.

• _{Mining coal can be difficult and dangerous. Strip mining}

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HOW ARE OIL AND GAS

MADE ???

(20)

Coal

• _{A rock that contains at}

least 50% plant remains.

• _{Forms when plants die in a}

swampy area and are

covered.

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Advantages

1. It is available in an abundant supply.

Some estimates have the US holding enough coal that has already been mined to fuel current resources for the next 400 years. That means we have access to this fuel in abundance, allowing societies to focus on other infrastructure needs.

2. It has a high load factor.

Using coal as a fuel provides a society with the potential for

continuous power. It also provides a high load factor, giving us access to an efficient and predictable level of energy through combustion. 3. It is a full-time energy resource.

Unlike solar or win, you can burn coal 24/7 to produce energy. This means it is a reliable power source that offers predictability for a modern society. There is no need to counter intermittence as there is with other power technologies that are being developed right now.

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Disadvantages

• _{When coal is burnt it produces carbon}

• _{dioxide that causes global warming.}

• _{Since coal contains impurities like S and N,}

• _{it produces toxic gases during burning}

• _{which causes acid rain and air pollution.}

• _{Traces of mercury and radioactive}

• _{compounds are also released when coal is}

• _burned.

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Oil

• _{Thick, black liquid formed}

from buried remains of

microscopic marine

organisms.

• _{Used for gasoline}

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Advantages of Oil

1.High Energy Density – Oil has one of the highest energy densities which means that a small amount of oil can produce a large amount of energy. This makes it very useful as its high energy density has made it the preferred choice for use as fuel in automobiles.

2. Easy Availability, Infrastructure for Transport and Use – Oil is

widely distributed in almost all parts of the world. Also there exists a massive infrastructure to transport oil to other places through ships, pipelines and tankers. This means that oil is available throughout the world.

3. Easy to Produce and Refine – Oil is not very difficult to produce though most of the low cost locations have already been depleted. Now Oil is being mined off the coasts in seas and also tar sands. 4) Constant Power Source and Reliability – Unlike solar and wind

energy, oil can produce power 24/7 and is highly reliable. Oil engines are a mature technology and highly reliable to work with.

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Disadvantage

1) Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) – One of the biggest Disadvantages of Oil is that it releases Carbon Dioxide. This

transfers the Carbon from the Earth to the Environment leading to the Global Warming Effect.

2) Pollution of Water and Earth – Oil Spills have caused massive pollution of water bodies as massive oil supertankers lead oil. This leads to the death of thousands of animals and fishes every year beside devastating the local ecology.

3)Emission of Harmful Substances like Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon

Monoxide, Acid Rain – Oil Plants emit harmful substances such as Sulfur Dioxide which cause health hazards among the surrounding population and Acid Rain.

4) Leads to production of very harmful and toxic materials during refining, – Oil exists as a mixture of hydrocarbons with traces of sulfur and other compounds. Refining of Oil leads to production of harmful gases and solids like Carbon Monoxide and Plastic.

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Natural Gas

• _{Forms in a gaseous state-}

is a hydrocarbon that is

lighter than oil.

• _{Used for heating and}

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Advantages of natural gas

1.Natural gas is environmentally friendly because it burns cleaner than other fossil fuels.

2.It’s safer and easier to store when compared to other fossil fuels.

3.Natural gas is extremely reliable, unlike electric power that can be knocked out during a storm.

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Disadvantages of Natural Gas

1.Natural gas must be handled carefully because it is a

combustible material.

2.Like all fossil fuels, natural gas is not a renewable energy

source.

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NUCLEAR ENERGY

Nuclear fission uses

uranium to create

energy.

Nuclear energy is a

nonrenewable

resource because

once the uranium is

(30)

Nuclear Energy

• _{Energy produced by}

atomic reactions.

• _{Nuclear fission}

_

_heavy

elements are split and

energy is produced.

• _{Produces radiative}

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Advantages to Using Nuclear Power

• _{Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's}

not expensive to make.

• _{Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it}

does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

• _{Produces huge amounts of energy from small}

amounts of fuel.

• _{Produces small amounts}

of waste.

• _{Nuclear power is reliable.}

• _{Only a small amount of fuel is needed to create a lot}

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Disadvantages of Nuclear Power

• _{A highly toxic byproduct is produced. Although not}

much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous.

• _{It is difficult to dispose of the waste. It must be sealed}

up and buried for many years to allow the

radioactivity(which can cause cancer) to die away.

• _{Mining for Uranium destroys}

homes and animal habitats.

• _{Harmful radioactive waste is created.}

• _{Uranium supplies may only last for}

another 50 years.

• _{Non-renewable}

(33)

Renewable Energy Foldable Directions

Layered Book

1. Layer six sheets of paper so that each sheet is three centimeters below the previous sheet.

2. Fold all sheets from the top so that each edge is the same distance (three centimeters) apart.

3. Glue or staple along the center fold.

Variation: This Foldable may contain any number of papers folded together

depending on the number of sections needed.

4. Write the title on the top page: Renewable Energy Resource

5. For each page of the foldable, you will write a title on the tab, open the foldable and either write & answer the questions or answer the question in a complete sentences.

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Tab 1 renewable Energy Resources

Define renewable energy resources

Most renewable energy resources come ultimately come

from what source?

List 6 example of renewable energy resources

Tab 2 Hydroelectric Energy

Define hydroelectric Energy

Lists the advantages of the hydroelectric energy

List the disadvantages of the hydroelectric energy

Tab 3 Solar energy

Define solar energy

Lists the advantages of the solar energy

List the disadvantages of the solar energy

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Tab 4 Geothermal Energy

Define geothermal energy

Lists the advantages of the geothermal energy

List the disadvantages of the geothermal energy

Tab 5 Wind energy

Define wind energy

Lists the advantages of the wind energy

List the disadvantages of the wind energy

Tab 6 Biomass energy

Define biomass energy

Lists the advantages of the biomass energy

List the disadvantages of the biomass energy

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• _{Tab 7 Wave energy}

• _{Define wave energy}

• _{Lists the advantages of the wave energy}

• _{List the disadvantages of the wave energy}

• _{Tab 8 Tidal energy}

• _{Define Tidal energy}

• _{Lists the advantages of the Tidal energy}

• _{List the disadvantages of the Tidal energy}

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Non Renewable Energy Foldable Directions

Layered Book

1. Layer four sheets of paper so that each sheet is three centimeters below the previous sheet.

2. Fold all sheets from the top so that each edge is the same distance (three centimeters) apart.

3. Glue or staple along the center fold.

Variation: This Foldable may contain any number of papers folded together

depending on the number of sections needed.

4. Write the title on the top page: Non Renewable Energy Resource

5. For each page of the foldable, you will write a title on the tab, open the foldable and either write & answer the questions or answer the question in a complete sentences.