Base substitutions
Evolutionary aspects of the S-related genes of the Brassica self-incompatibility system: synonymous and nonsynonymous base substitutions.
... Compared to the kinase domain, a very high level of nonsynonymous base substitutions has accumu- lated in the SLG and SRK-receptor domains, which play a direct role in the rec[r] ...
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A MODEL OF EVOLUTIONARY BASE SUBSTITUTIONS AND ITS APPLICATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RAPID CHANGE OF PSEUDOGENES
... We conclude that a duplicate gene leading to the (Y pseudogene in the mouse line was introduced 20 - 30 million years ago by unequal crossing over and became fixed in [r] ...
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Effect of single-base substitutions in the central domain of virus-associated RNA I on its function.
... tions of these mutations are shown in Fig. 5A. The severely defective mutants are pm91, pm111, and pm132, which retain less than 25% of the inhibitory activity of WT VAI RNA. Other defective mutants retain about 50 to ...
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Specificity of base substitutions induced by the acridine mutagen ICR-191: mispairing by guanine N7 adducts as a mutagenic mechanism.
... The possibility that bulky guanine N7 adducts might promote base substitution mutagenesis by both noninstructive and mispairing mechanisms was sug- gested by the observat[r] ...
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Assessing alternative base substitutions at primer CpG sites to optimise unbiased PCR amplification of methylated sequences
... Unlike the case for homogeneous methylation, meaning- ful standards for heterogeneous methylation are not feasible as the patterns of epialleles vary considerably be- tween samples [10, 11]. In this study, we used cell ...
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Persistent vesicular stomatitis virus infection mediates base substitutions in viral RNA termini.
... The experiments reported in this paper were carried out to determine whether any of the many mutations observed in the genomic RNA Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 201[r] ...
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Patterns of Somatic Mutations in Immunoglobulin Variable Genes
... dictions of mutation involving misaligned structural intermediates mediated by either direct or inverted repeats are (1) base substitutions are templated and, hence, stron[r] ...
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GENE CONVERSION DISPARITY: FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS DIRECTION AND EXTENT, WITH TESTS OF ASSUMPTIONS AND PREDICTIONS IN ITS EVOLUTIONARY EFFECTS
... Among induced muta- tions, the relative proportion of frameshifts (strong negative disparity in this sample) and base substitutions (strong positive disparity in this samp[r] ...
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Analysis of the Noncoding Regions of Measles Virus Strains in the Edmonston Vaccine Lineage
... Base substitutions and the control of mRNA synthesis and ...such base substitution occurred within the F/H intergenic GE/GS signal ...this base substitu- tion is not known as yet, but it may ...
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Vesicular stomatitis virus mutants resistant to defective-interfering particles accumulate stable 5'-terminal and fewer 3'-terminal mutations in a stepwise manner.
... We observed a striking stepwise accumulation of stable base substitutions within the area of replication initiation at the 5'-terminal 54 nucleotides of Sdi- mutants isolated at interval[r] ...
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POLYMORPHIC SITES AND THE MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION IN HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
... T h e apportioning of base substitutions causing amino acid differences was based on the parsimony principle, using directly determined amino acid sequences of cyto- [r] ...
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Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity Evaluation of Some Mannich Bases of Tetraoxane-Phenol Conjugate
... Mannich base substitutions like bulky aromatic/heteroaromatic groups have antimalarial potential, which could therefore be a promising alternative sources of novel antimalarial leads in the development of ...
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Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.
... cancers, and searched for mutation clustering in each gene beyond that expected by chance. Five cancer genes were found for which evidence was previously absent or equivocal (MED23, FOXP1, MLLT4, XBP1, ZFP36L1), or for ...
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Selection, recombination, and G----A hypermutation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes.
... Nonetheless, they are as follows: i high-frequency G-3A substitution at a single GpA site was observed with the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase 4; ii of the single-base substitutions observe[r] ...
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Mechanisms of mutagenesis by chloroacetaldehyde.
... FIGURE 4.-A part of the phage AB28 lacZ DNA sequence indicating background and CAA-induced base substitutions.. Background base substitutions are shown in lower-case [r] ...
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Single base variation in DNA fragment joined to a GC-clamp can be detected by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
... single base substitutions can be separated by electrophoresis in Temporal Temperature gradient ...215 base pair DNA fragment containing a bFGF promoter are changed by ...
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Mechanisms of mutagenesis by a bulky DNA lesion at the guanine N7 position.
... Mechanisms of base substitution mutagenesis by AFBlC12: In the lacI system, several structurally different chemical mutagens induce base substitutions with the same G-to-T[r] ...
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The 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA: secondary structure and elements required for translation in vitro.
... Nucleotide substitutions in specific virus strains from the wild-type HM175 sequence are shown in boldface type; base pairs identified by covariant substitutions among all nine strains a[r] ...
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DNA barcoding and molecular studies in gymnema species
... one base (row) to another base ...transitional substitutions are shown in bold and those of transversionsal substitutions are shown in ...
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KINETIC CONTROL OF NUCLEIC ACID STRAND DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
... The themodynamics 1-7 and kinetics 8-12 of Watson-Crick hybridization and strand displacment are well known for DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. As an alternative to naturally occuring nucleic acids, locked nucleic acids ...
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