Case Studies

There is a wealth of great cases for students. Sources such as Journal of Business Case Studies, Harvard Business Review, Richard Ivey Business School, Stanford University, and Darden Business Publishing, are an excellent beginning. The challenge is that these cases have been developed for senior level undergraduate as well as graduate students with a higher level of knowledge and skills. Start with the basic topics that might align with your course learning objectives. You will need to begin to modify the case to fit the current skills and knowledge level of your students. Cases that are student favorites continue to be modified each semester. Following are the steps required to adapt an existing case (Garvin, 2009).

By 1920, Harvard Business School had adopted the case study as its primary pedagogical approach. Case studies in business, just as in law, had at first been integrated into curriculums as demonstrations of theoretical points – examples of how a theory could be applied in actual practice (Baldwin, 1900:261). With time, cases began to be approached as analytical exercises – methods for discovering the “how” and “why” of contemporary events (Yin, 2009:8). In more recent years, the Harvard Business School has incorporated “immersion” experiences into its curriculum, making case studies live and interactive (HBS, n.d.). A key benefit of placing students in working environments is that they are able to observe nuances of systems and behaviors that may not be available in a written case, and to track the consequences of environmental changes – a practice founded in the Kolb Learning Cycle theory (Kolb, 1984:21). This being said, not all colleges and universities have the capability to provide an extended set of immersion experiences for the students in their programs, and so the written case study remains as a mainstay of business school education.

Abstract: The performance gap between simulation and reality has been identified as a major challenge to achieving sustainability in the Built Environment. While Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) surveys are an integral part of better understanding building performance, and thus addressing this issue, the importance of POE remains relatively unacknowledged within the wider Built Environment community. A possible reason that has been highlighted is that POE survey data is not easily understood and utilizable by non-expert stakeholders, including designers. A potential method by which to address this is the visualization method, which has well established benefits for communication of big datasets. This paper presents two case studies where EnViz (short for “Environmental Visualization”), a prototype software application developed for research purposes, was utilized and its effectiveness tested via a range of analysis tasks. The results are discussed and compared with those of previous work that utilized variations of the methods presented here. The paper concludes by presenting the lessons drawn from the five-year period of EnViz, emphasizing the potential of environmental visualization for decision support in environmental design and engineering for the built environment, and suggests directions for future development.

Having students work through complex, ambiguous, real world problems engages students with the course material, encouraging them to “see it from an action perspective, rather than analyze it from a distance” (Angelo & Boehrer). Case studies are, by their nature, multidisciplinary, and “allow the application of theoretical concepts…bridging the gap between theory and practice” (Davis & Wilcock). Working on cases requires students to research and evaluate multiple sources of data, fostering information literacy.

quite specific recommendations (if not rules) as to what makes a ‘good’ case study (as Hägg and Hedlund (1979) attempts to bolster the ‘scientific worth’ of case studies demonstrated and as Malsch and Salterio (2016) have just recently attempted in seeking to identify what counts as ‘ quality ’ auditing field research). These can be enabling in the sense of helping people to see an ‘alien’ research approach in a different light but they also run the risk of making certain ways of doing accounting case-based research less legitimate. The effects and influences here can be quite subtle, and unintended, but in an era where individuals’ research agendas and ambitions are increasingly framed by the need to secure publications in so- called, ‘ top-ranked ’ journals, there is a real threat that what counts as a good case study is going to be determined significantly by what such journals, especially those newly-embracing qualitative research, are ‘willing’ to publish. There are already a range of isomorphic tendencies that are leading accounting case-based research to look less like the ‘bold leap into the unknown’ (Vaivio, 2008, p. 73) that is supposed to characterise their fundamental strength and value (for more discussion on such tendencies, see Humphrey, 2014). These could become more severe if we permit future generations of accounting researchers or those newly encountering qualitative research to pay very selective attention to the historical development of case study research in accounting and to the journals and other places where such work has been published 9 .

described the investigation of two or more cases as a collective case, where interest lies in both what is particular to each case and what is common to all. Case study designs are useful in examining events when one cannot precisely manipulate behaviour (Hodgetts, & Stolte, 2012; Yin, 2011). A case-study design was chosen because the research project was exploratory and conducted in the field (i.e., Australian Football setting). Hancock and Algozzine (2011) suggested that case study research is used to investigate a phenomenon within its natural context using multiple sources of evidence. A number of individual case studies were used as this approach is more robust than a solitary case study (Baxter & Jack, 2008; Yin, 2011). The case study design transposed into the AF setting because it is dynamic with numerous sources of information (i.e., coach feedback, visual feedback, the game statistics, team meetings) contributing to athlete attributions post-performance. Data were collected over a four week period during a critical stage of the season for the player-participants.

The present report summarises six case study reports on risk assessment, conducted within Work Area 4 (WA4), Risk Assessment and Risk Management, in the TECHNEAU project. The present report presents an overview of the main results from the methods applied in the six case studies, including an estimation of the resources needed. A discussion about when the different methods are most applicable and useful is also provided. The studies include both qualitative (Chapter 2) and quantitative (Chapter 3) risk assessment methods aimed at providing good examples on risk assessment practice (Figure 1).

A total of 305 individuals from 76 UK universities were contacted, based on academic membership of the OR Society or identification of the lecturers for OR-related mod- ules via university websites. A link to the anonymous survey was sent out by email to those identified. It was available for 19 days and a reminder was sent out to those who had not responded halfway through that time period. In total, 82 individuals from 37 different universities responded, either by completing the survey or by telling us that they either do not teach OR or do not use case studies, i.e. a response rate of 26.9% for individuals, covering 48.7% of the universities contacted. Removing those respondents who either do not teach OR or do not use case studies in their teaching left 53 respond- ents, whose answers are analysed below. The respondents included individuals from English, Welsh and Scottish institutions. The majority of the respondents are based in Management groups within their universities, with others based in Mathematics or Computer Science groups.

Case study research by definition is well suited to the study of IS implementation, especially when context is important. Furthermore, its products are highly relevant and therefore they appeal to IS practitioners, an audience for which the IS literature has been critiqued of ignoring. While the value of single case research is methodologically viable in the study of critical cases, the multiple case study approach is believed to be more appropriate to the study of typical cases of IS implementations. However, the IS literature provides little guidance on strategies for case study selection, particularly for multiple case studies. More important, is the need to provide the rational for case selection that relates these suggested strategies to the particular objectives of the case research inquiry. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by providing a review of strategies for single and multiple case study selection in the context of systems implementation. Furthermore, the application of these guidelines in a multiple case study of strategic decision making of enterprise systems implementations will be illustrated.

This paper is part of a series of clean energy fund case studies prepared by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Clean Energy Group, under the auspices of the Clean Energy Funds Network. The primary purpose of this case study series is to report on the innovative programs and administrative practices of state (and some international) clean energy funds, to highlight additional sources of information, and to identify contacts. Our hope is that these brief case studies will be useful for clean energy funds and other stakeholders that are interested in learning about the pioneering renewable energy efforts of newly established clean energy funds.

This paper is part of a series of clean energy fund case studies prepared by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Clean Energy States Alliance. The primary purpose of this case study series is to report on the innovative programs and administrative practices of state (and some international) clean energy funds, to highlight additional sources of information, and to identify contacts. Our hope is that these brief case studies will be useful for clean energy funds and other stakeholders that are interested in learning about the pioneering renewable energy efforts of newly established clean energy funds.

Vinson now attempted to develop a more precise determination of the meaning of the clear and present danger principle. He cited the opinion of the first appeals of Judge Learned Hand, who wrote the majority opinion in this case when it was in the intermediate appellate court. Hand had interpreted the principle this way: “In each case [courts] must ask whether the gravity of the ‘evil’ discounted by its improbability, justifies such invasion of free speech as is necessary to avoid the danger.” Hand adapted Holmes’s principle to a test of “clear and probable danger.” This principle made it easy for the Court to deal with the issues of conspiracy and advocacy. The Communist Party of the United States was characterized as a highly organized conspiracy, with rigidly disciplined members subject to call when the leaders felt that the time had come for action. In other words, the danger or threat of rebellion already existed, although no overt action had been taken yet. Vinson concluded that “this analysis disposes of the contention that a conspiracy to advocate, as distinguished from the advocacy itself, cannot be constitutionally restrained, because it compromises only presentation. It is the existence of the conspiracy which creates the danger. . . .”

The Lassiter 2-2 Model, the specific floor plan that I selected for this case study, is 1,071 square feet, complete with two full baths, a terrace, and in-unit laundry appliances. Shellbrook also accepts pets for a $300 up-front fee and $20 a month in rent, should that ever become a factor. Within a ten-minute drive are Kroger, CVS, Food Lion, and Dollar General locations, covering just about any general need that may arise. Perhaps the most important factor is the distance to the office, which is exceptional, at 6 minutes by car from the PwC Raleigh office, as well as numerous other businesses in the city center. All of these factors make Shellbrook extremely appealing to me as a renter. While cars are still the primary means of transportation, alternative means of transportation are gaining traction as the city invests more in public transportation infrastructure. Many parts of the city center are walkable, and for inner city travel, the R-LINE and Raleigh bus line provide public transportation, and the city has invested millions of dollars in biking infrastructure.

2a Patient had an indwelling urinary catheter in place for > 2 calendar days, with day of device placement being Day1, and catheter was in place when all elements of this criterion w[r]

energy arose after the 1970’s. Before this date few doubts about safety issues were found among the SCR (only the Finnish fears about Soviet designs, and reported criticisms in Sweden from technical experts and politicians regarding safety requirements of the reactors) (Finland, Event 4; Sweden, General narrative, see annex I). However, since the 1970’s, safety concerns are frequently used to define arguments for or against nuclear developments. On the one hand, contradicting attitudes came from the public and specific experts on issues concerning the safety of the reactors, while receptors showed increased concerns about the location of the nuclear installations because of safety issues (F.R. Germany, Showcase, and event 3, see annex I). After international nuclear accidents, such as TMI and Chernobyl, their claim for safety was reinforced. On the other hand, promoters and regulators tend to focus on high technological expertise and innovations to argue for the guaranteed safety of the NPPs. For example, in Finland new reactors were considered by the nuclear Promoters and Regulators far safer than those of TMI or Chernobyl (Finland SCR, General narrative; see annex I). In Spain Promoters argued that the technology was safe and effective (Spain, Showcase; see annex I). While in the UK, the public authorities made decisions based on the assumption that British citizens required confidence that their government had chosen the safest available nuclear technology (UK, General narrative, and event 4, see annex I). However, not all the public authorities were able to maintain the image of nuclear power as a safe energy source. For instance, in the F.R. Germany it was not possible after the Chernobyl case (F.R. Germany, Event 3, see annex I), nor in the USA after the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident revealed weaknesses in the regulators’ and promoters’ actions (USA, Event 3, see annex I), which in turn led to increased regulatory powers and a renewed safety philosophy among regulators.

Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, Charaka samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vatavyadhi Chikitsa Adhyaya , 28/35, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Reprint edition, Chaukham[r]

“continue” regardless Israeli choices: Iran obtains 3 instead of 1 against Israeli decision “attack” and 4. instead of 2 against Israeli decision of “do not attack”[r]

Totz settled a class action lawsuit related to the legal case against the natural fiber supplier who had falsely been selling Totz “natural” materials this past fiscal year which won Totz $2.7 million in proceeds. This settlement resulted in Totz receiving $2.7 million in proceeds. After researching, I opted to disclose this class action settlement in the company’s notes rather than directly on the income statement because of its unusual and infrequent nature. Rule 225-20-45-16 will support my logic:

The labour required for such a house is around 26 man days of two builders, and the same again for two apprentices and two labourers; materials needed are 30 barrows of laterite rocks, [r]

But first, any discussion of community wind ownership structures needs to be placed in the context of federal support for wind power, which, as mentioned in the introduction to this case study, has come primarily from the production tax credit (PTC), as well as 5-year accelerated depreciation. Obviously, these tax- based incentives are only available to project owners with tax liability, a fact that handicaps ownership structures involving non-taxable entities such as cooperatives or non-profits. While there is another federal incentive – the Renewable Energy Production Incentive, or REPI – intended to provide a similar amount of value as the PTC to non-taxable entities, funding for the REPI is limited and subject to annual congressional appropriations (as opposed to the PTC, which requires no cash outlay and is guaranteed for 10 years), rendering it of significantly less worth than the PTC. 18 Furthermore, even if non-taxable entities are able to capture the REPI, they still cannot benefit from accelerated depreciation.