Energy costs
Models and the scaling of energy costs for locomotion
... of energy costs in locomotion, is for better understanding of the relationship between mechanical work and ...of energy costs, until it has a sounder foundation in muscle ...estimate ...
8
Energy costs of blood digestion in a host specific haematophagous parasite
... dasyurus, energy costs generally decreased at the third stage of ...of energy expenditure may be associated with the absence of a digestive process per se at the third stage of digestion (Vatschenok ...
8
Optimized scheduling of water distribution network to reduce energy costs
... 88 The additional controls are designed to save significant energy costs at the Nightcap WTP. Operation of the WTP even once during the peak electricity tariff period in any month will incur the peak ...
116
Predicting the metabolic energy costs of bipedalism using evolutionary robotics
... Metabolic energy costs are calculated from the muscle model, and bipedal gait is generated using a finite-state pattern generator whose parameters are produced using a genetic algorithm with locomotor ...
10
Modelling the material and energy costs of the transition to low-carbon energy
... consumed energy to produce the raw materials for the electricity generation in- frastructure increases until 2050, it drops sharply after 2050 and remains almost constant until 2100 ...this energy rises ...
14
Minimisation of residential energy costs for PV-SWH and PV-T systems
... Water heating is a major energy consumption all around the world (Ibrahim et al., 2014). Since SWH was invented, the potential impacts of its applications have been investigated in many countries. In Turkey, it is ...
6
The Energy Costs of Historic Preservation
... the energy and climate impacts of land use ...the energy footprint of transportation, housing and land use policies in a general equilibrium framework, allowing them to consider feedback or rebound effects ...
50
Natural Gas in UK and Scottish Energy Policy
... designing energy policy going forward. The paper considers the current energy mix and the role and presence of gas alongside other energy sources, both renewable and ...the energy costs ...
12
Proposal for a Council Decision (EEC) on the payment of financial incentives in support of categories of investment in the rational use of energy. COM (82) 357 final, 14 September 1982 and COM (82) 357 final/2, 11 October 1982
... So, bea?ing in niad t'he reLativety smatI share of energy costs in the production costs of these industries, the price differentiat betveen coal and fueI oit currentty estirnated at some[r] ...
19
Fracking in the UK press: Threat dynamics in an unfolding debate
... green energy will have adverse outcomes for the economy and ...“green energy” constitutes the solution to Britain’s energy needs and attempt to re-establish the notion that fracking provides security ...
29
Aspects of arrays of paraboloidal collectors for utilisation of solar energy
... In general, solar power plants are technologically feasible; the barrier to implementation is the cost of the energy produced. Thus the designer must concentrate on energy costs. There are, however, ...
369
Real time measurement of metabolic rate during freezing and thawing of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica: implications for overwinter energy use
... an energy conservation strategy; however, an important assumption of this model is that any direct costs of a freezing event are offset by energy savings when ...overwinter energy costs ...
11
How accurate are forecasts of costs of energy? A methodological contribution
... any energy costs for which there are forecasts and contemporary estimates, ...project costs. However, forecast and contemporary estimates of capital costs can be difficult to find in the ...
19
Irrigation
... Even though sprinkler irrigation requires energy to pressurize the system, the additional energy costs are largely offset by improved crop quality, reduced water applications, and labor [r] ...
5
Diving and foraging energetics of the smallest marine mammal, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris)
... energetic costs for sea otters that must be compensated for by activity, shivering or by the heat produced during the processing of food (Costa and Kooyman, ...
11
Carbon costs and benefits of France’s biomass energy production targets
... domestic energy source as well as a building material has collapsed, ena- bling the forests to recover from centuries of over-use [7]; (ii) advances in agricultural production have resulted in the abandonment of ...
22
An analysis of energy use, input costs and relation between energy inputs and yield of apple orchard
... that energy use in apple production is not efficient, leading to many envi- ronmental problems, detrimental to the natural resources by excess use of ...production costs, but also for providing higher ...
9
Analysis of Costs and Benefits of Cloud Computing
... included cost estimates are more visible and important. While ancillary costs such as: architecture costs, cabling, real estate companies, the building management, security datacenterit etc. are not very ...
10
Model of price dependent management of an industrial enterprise energy consumption
... electric energy hourly demand schedule must involve energy consumption flattering during the intervals of planned peak-load ...own energy peak loads and reduce the amount of obligations to pay for ...
6
Environmental, economic, and social impacts of feed-in tariffs: A Portuguese perspective 2000–2010
... renewable energy technology has positive impacts on GDP, however operational and opportunity costs/benefits were not ...the costs of PV plants are not driven by the amount of installed power but by ...
11