PPT, polypurine tract
Mutations in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract (PPT) Reduce the Rate of PPT Cleavage and Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis
... the polypurine tract (PPT), the rate of plus-strand DNA synthesis was significantly ...of PPT utilization for mu- tants which had mutations only in the PPT ...second PPT inserted ...
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Effect of Polypurine Tract (PPT) Mutations on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication: a Virus with a Completely Randomized PPT Retains Low Infectivity
... introduced polypurine tract (PPT) mutations, which we had previously tested in an in vitro assay, into the viral clone NL4-3KFS ⌬ ...the PPT mutations had an effect on replication; however, ...
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Mutations of the RNase H C Helix of the Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase Reveal Defects in Polypurine Tract Recognition
... the PPT sequence was found to be retained in a number of LTR-LTR junctions, we tested the C helix mutants’ abilities to make specific cleavages in assays performed on the critical PPT-U3 ...the ...
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Sequence and structural determinants required for priming of plus-strand DNA synthesis by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract.
... HIV-1 PPT is a relatively short sequence, consisting of only 15 nt (45, 49, ...the PPT region (47), it seemed possible that upstream and/or downstream nucleotides in the viral RNA also contribute to ...
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A single-stranded gap in human immunodeficiency virus unintegrated linear DNA defined by a central copy of the polypurine tract.
... 1, Minus strongstop synthesis; 2, first minus-strand template transfer and plusstrand strong-stop synthesis, initiated at the 3' PPT; 3, progression of minus-strand synthesis and initiat[r] ...
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Compensatory Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Central Polypurine Tract Sequence in Kinetically Disrupted Reverse Transcription
... Next, we tested whether the enhanced transduction of the RT mutant vectors by cPPT is due to improved proviral DNA synthesis kinetics by use of quantitative real-time PCR for two-long-terminal-repeat (2LTR) circles. As ...
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Selection of Optimal Polypurine Tract Region Sequences during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Replication
... the polypurine tract (PPT) region of viral ...the PPT and in conserved sequences upstream, as well as for pools of mutants with randomized sequences in these ...the PPT was indicated ...
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Alternate Polypurine Tracts (PPTs) Affect the Rous Sarcoma Virus RNase H Cleavage Specificity and Reveal a Preferential Cleavage following a GA Dinucleotide Sequence at the PPT-U3 Junction
... chimeric PPT mutants ...box), PPT (black box), and upstream sequences flanking the PPT (green ...Simple PPT insert mutations ranged from one nucleotide to the entire polypurine ...
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Efficient initiation and strand transfer of polypurine tract-primed plus-strand DNA prevent strand transfer of internally initiated plus-strand DNA.
... the PPT sequences. Constructs pEH1 and pEH3 both contain a second PPT (5 9 PPT) upstream of the naturally occurring PPT (3 9 ...second PPT is located 240 bp upstream of the 3 9 ...
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Deletion of a Short, Untranslated Region Adjacent to the Polypurine Tract in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Leads to Formation of Aberrant 5′ Plus-Strand DNA Ends In Vivo
... the PPT sequence (an additional thymidine was found at the 5⬘ end of this extra sequence in clone ⌬II 39, and its source is not ...the PPT and part of the envelope ...
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein reduces reverse transcriptase pausing at a secondary structure near the murine leukemia virus polypurine tract.
... the polypurine tract (PPT), a short sequence serving as the primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis (reviewed in reference ...the PPT and both minus and plus-strand DNA synthesis would be im- ...
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Effects of Mutations in the G Tract of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract on Virus Replication and RNase H Cleavage
... the PPT is part of a larger problem: RNase H must be able to specifically cleave the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA ...the PPT within the larger RNA-DNA ...the PPT-containing segment of the RNA-DNA duplex ...
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Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B
... the polypurine tract (PPT) (24, ...a PPT near the 3 ⬘ end of the retroviral genome, defining the 5 ⬘ boundary of the U3 region of the LTR, several retroviruses, including lentiviruses, carry a ...
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Impact of the Central Polypurine Tract on the Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vector Transduction
... central polypurine tract (cPPT) results in a strand displacement ...the PPT at the 3⬘ end, serves as the second initiation site of second-strand DNA synthesis, while the central termination sequence ...
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Abolishing HIV 1 infectivity using a polypurine tract specific G quadruplex forming oligonucleotide
... Next, to analyze the antiviral activity of ODN A, HIV- 1 particles were pre-incubated for 6 h together with sample buffer, 250 nM of ODN A or ODN Co at 37 °C, followed by overnight infection of Jurkat 1G5 T cells (see ...
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Effects of salinity on intestinal bicarbonate secretion and compensatory regulation of acid–base balance in Opsanus beta
... (~35 ppt) on a flow-through system, as described ...35 ppt seawater to give a final salinity of 60 ...60 ppt, as it was observed that this procedure could be tolerated by non-cannulated ...60 ...
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Salinity tolerance of Picochlorum atomus and the use of salinity for contamination control by the freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena limnetica
... 11 ppt) and comparable to Nannochloris maculata ...11 ppt, patterns of nitrite secretion until day 10 can be grouped into high (28 and 36 ppt), intermediate (18 and 8 ppt) and low (2 ...
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Fabrication of novel vesicles of triptolide for antirheumatoid activity with reduced toxicity in vitro and in vivo
... developed. PPT was characterized by photon scattering correlation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which dem- onstrated that the average diameter of the drug carrier system is 98±15 nm, the ...
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Key Assignment Scheme with Authenticated Encryption
... Syntax. Π satisfies the following conditions... The PPT setup algorithm Π. The PPT encryption algorithm Π. The game PRV-CDA is designed for the privacy security, STC and TC for the tag c[r] ...
47
Loop Structures and Barrier Elements from D melanogaster 87А7 Heat Shock Locus
... Short polypurine/ polypyrimidine tracts (9 - 10 bp), capable of forming the triple-helix DNA structure (H-form DNA) are possible participants of this ...genes. Polypurine/polypyrimidine 9 - 10 bp long but ...
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