RA, Retinoic acid
Therapeutic effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (at-RA) on an autoimmune nephritis experimental model: role of the VLA-4 integrin
... TNF-α and IL-1β are common mediators in inflammatory processes, and they both regulate the expression of VCAM-1. We therefore analyzed, by RT-PCR, the expres- sion of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in total RNA ...
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The retinoic acid receptor-α modulators ATRA and Ro415253 reciprocally regulate human IL-5+ Th2 cell proliferation and cytokine expression
... RA: Retinoic acid; ATRA: All-trans retinoic acid; RAR α : Retinoic acid receptor alpha; RXR: Retinoid X receptor; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HDM: House dust ...
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Retinoic acid promotes the endogenous repair of lung stem/progenitor cells in combined with simvastatin after acute lung injury: a stereological analysis
... + RA + SS ...of RA (2 mg/kg/day) and SS (2 mg/kg/day) for 5 days in the ARDS + RA + SS ...first RA-SS injection, a right lower lobe of lung was sampled for histological analysis concerning ...
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Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins are essential for hindbrain patterning and signal robustness in zebrafish
... in RA signaling similar to that caused by the loss of aldh1a2 (Begemann et ...exogenous RA, despite a strong posteriorization of the hindbrain (n14; ...for RA-dependent Hox gene expression in the ...
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Abnormalities of somite development in the absence of retinoic acid
... that retinoic acid (RA) plays in the developing embryo has been enormously facilitated by the vitamin A-deficient embryo from which RA is absent because its metabolic precursor, vitamin A, has ...
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Human skin levels of retinoic acid and cytochrome P 450 derived 4 hydroxyretinoic acid after topical application of retinoic acid in vivo compared to concentrations required to stimulate retinoic acid receptor mediated transcription in vitro
... individual retinoic acid receptors (RARs) or retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR-alpha) and a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter plasmid containing a retinoic acid responsive element ...
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First implication of STRA6 mutations in isolated anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma: A new dimension to the STRA6 phenotype
... STRA6). Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, has long been known to play a critical role in vision and eye development (Hyatt and Dowling, ...
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Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development
... Figure 3 Schematic diagram illustrating expression of the genes that are involved in RA biosynthesis and transportation at gastrula (stage 11) and neurula (stage 14) stages of Xenopus embryos. rdh10 is expressed ...
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A phosphorylation defective retinoic acid receptor mutant mimics the effects of retinoic acid on EGFR mediated AP-1 expression and cancer cell proliferation
... SCC4 and SCC25 cells were treated with 1 m M all trans RA for 16 hours. To determine if ERK1 or p38 MAPKs phos- phorylated RAR a , some cultures were treated with 50 m M PD98059 or 10 mM SB203580 for the same time ...
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Identification of influential proteins in the classical retinoic acid signaling pathway
... of RA binding proteins. For example, in pharmacological conditions (RA = 1 μM), induction of expression of the RAR gene or inhibition of expression of the CYP gene have more significant effects than ...
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All trans retinoic acid modulates the retinoic acid receptor alpha in promyelocytic cells
... all-trans RA in seven cases of ...all-trans RA 45 mg/m2 per d. In vitro incubation with all-trans RA, however, increased the level of expression of the normal RAR alpha transcripts in AML3 cells but ...
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Characterisation of chicken RXR-γ
... that RA is the PR morphogen, it was also found that there were differences between the behaviour of PR grafts and ...in RA or an analogue, to the anterior margin of a bud; led to the induction of a gene ...
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Modulation of T cell and innate immune responses by retinoic Acid
... that RA has a central function in the differ- entiation of dendritic cells (DCs), the key APCs for activating naive T ...to RA (18). It was shown that RA regulates the development and homeo- stasis ...
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Targeted inhibition of MEK1 by cobimetinib leads to differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells
... with retinoic acid leads to differentiation, cell growth arrest and the de- crease in MYCN expression ...that RA combination with other drugs may lead to synergistic effects allowing the potential to ...
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Identification of a novel intronic enhancer responsible for the transcriptional regulation of musashi1 in neural stem/progenitor cells
... with retinoic acid (RA) at a low concentration (10 -8 ...M RA to the culture medium after 2 days to induce neural differentiation, and cultured the cells for 4 more days (Figure ...with ...
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Roles for FGF in lamprey pharyngeal pouch formation and skeletogenesis highlight ancestral functions in the vertebrate head
... by retinoic acid (RA) signaling, and a loss of pharyngeal pouch formation in FGFR inhibitor-treated ...and RA signaling in pharyngeal segmentation in ...
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Formation of ion pairing as an alternative to improve encapsulation and anticancer activity of all-trans retinoic acid loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles
... with retinoic acid (RA) to evaluate the influence of two lipophilic amines, stearylamine (SA) and benethamine (BA), and one hydrophilic, triethylamine (TA), on drug-encapsulation efficiency (EE) and ...
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Retinoic Acid Attenuates Oxidative Injury in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide
... as the contents of ARA, 15-HETE, and 15-HPETE were sharply increased after exposure to H 2 O 2 compared to the control. The current findings indicated that cells treated with H 2 O 2 had higher CPLA2 activity and gene ...
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Retinoic acid signaling spatially restricts osteoblasts and controls ray interray organization during zebrafish fin regeneration
... the RA-degrading enzyme cyp26a1 (Fig. 1F,G). By contrast, the RA- synthesizing enzyme aldh1a2 is expressed in fibroblast-derived blastema cells ...that RA diffusion into adjacent epidermal cells is ...
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Identification of alpha,beta-Hydrolase Domain Containing Protein 6 as a Diacylglycerol Lipase in Neuro-2a Cells
... 1 × 10 6 cells/dish in 10 cm dishes. One day after seeding, medium was aspirated and RA stimulation was initiated by adding DMEM containing 2% newborn bovine serum and all-trans-retinoic acid (50 µ ...
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