Toxin genes
Detection of type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species by PCR: evidence of unexpressed type B toxin genes in type A toxigenic organisms
... Detection of Type A, B, and E Botulism Neurotoxin Genes in Clostridium botulinum and Other Clostridium Species by PCR: Evidence of Unexpressed Type B Toxin Genes in Type A Toxigenic Orga[r] ...
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Prevalence and Characterization of a Binary Toxin (Actin Specific ADP Ribosyltransferase) from Clostridium difficile
... binary toxin genes (33, ...silent genes for binary toxins were reported previously ...binary toxin but with low activity was reported previ- ously ...
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Comparison of Distribution of Virulence Determinants in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholera
... of toxin genes of ctx, zot and ace. The composition of cholera toxin encoding element (CTX) region flanking of the ...virulence genes and also the attachment site of the filamentous ...
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Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty
... in toxin genes of many lineages, reflecting the adaptive contribution of snake venoms to fitness, and as a source of selective pressure that drives the predator–prey ‘arms race’ coevolution (Margres et ...
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Molecular Analysis of the Pathogenicity Locus and Polymorphism in the Putative Negative Regulator of Toxin Production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile Clinical Isolates
... Both genes encoding the binary toxin were detected in seven of the eight variant strains (data not shown), including ...binary toxin genes in all the other toxigenic ...the toxin A and ...
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Multiplex PCR Targeting tpi (Triose Phosphate Isomerase), tcdA (Toxin A), and tcdB (Toxin B) Genes for Toxigenic Culture of Clostridium difficile
... two toxin genes separately (20): the 52 A ⫹ B ⫹ isolates showed tpi, 379-bp tcdA, and tcdB amplifi- cation signals; the 12 nontoxigenic (A ⫺ B ⫺ ) isolates showed only the tpi signal; and all of the 8 A ⫺ B ...
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Laboratory Detection of Clostridium difficile in Piglets in Australia
... Clostridium difficile is a well-known enteric pathogen of humans and the causative agent of high-morbidity enteritis in piglets aged 1 to 7 days. C. difficile prevalence in Australian piglets is as high as 70%. The ...
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Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin producing E coli serotypes isolated from sheep
... Similar to the results of our previous studies, the use of the sensitive enrichment protocol was essential for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in sheep fecal samples (25, 26). The selective enrichment protocol that we ...
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Characterization of highly virulent multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae isolated from a large cholera outbreak in Ghana
... cholera toxin gene (CtxAB) and toxin coregulated pillus (Tcp) gene are both needed by ...the toxin genes by horizontal conjugal transfer [10] and therefore cause classical chol- ...era ...
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Rapid Molecular Characterization of Clostridium difficile and Assessment of Populations of C difficile in Stool Specimens
... binary toxin genes A and B (cdtA and cdtB, respectively) were designed by using Primer Express (version ...binary toxin gene, avoiding areas of homology to box 1, box 2, and box 3 found in all ...
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Prevalence of cdt Gene in Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Surface Waters of Rasht, Iran
... and toxin genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from Danish pigs and cattle and cytolethal distending toxin production of the ...
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Emergence and spread of worldwide <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>clones among cystic fibrosis patients
... To summarize, this study demonstrated that S. aureus isolates from CF patients vary considerably in terms of spa types, clonal complexes and carriage of toxin genes. We did not find any PVL-positive ...
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Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by toxigenic culture and PCR assay
... for toxin genes, 12 (12.2%) strains had toxin B and A, two (2%) strains had only toxin A (A+B-) and one (1%) strains had only toxin B (A-B+) ...only toxin B (A- B+), one (5.9%) ...
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Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings
... Detection of C. difficile was carried out by the PCR method described by Penders et al. [11] with the excep- tion that detection was carried out on a Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR machine. Purified DNA from reference strain ...
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Venom Evolution: Gene Loss Shapes Phenotypic Adaptation
... venom systems. This is in part due to the high incidence of snakebite envenomings and deaths that occur each year in tropical regions of the world. Currently, it is estimated that as many as 94,000 people die annually, ...
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Garcia Diez, Marta (2009): Vorkommen und Charakterisierung von enteropathogenen Escherichia coli Isolaten aus Lebensmitteln, Wasser und humanen Ursprungs. Dissertation, LMU München: Tierärztliche Fakultät
... Mehrere Arbeitsgruppen untersuchten andere E. coli-Enteropathovare und nicht pathogene E. coli auf die Anwesenheit des EAST1-Enterotoxins. So wurde das Gen auch bei EHEC, ETEC, EIEC, ExPEC, typischen und atypischen EPEC ...
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A MUTANT KILLER PLASMID WHOSE REPLICATION DEPENDS ON A CHROMOSOMAL "SUPERKILLER" MUTATION
... Four chromosomal genes, ski1 through ski4, negatively control toxin produc- tion by killer strains; recessive mutations in these genes result in overproduction of killer toxin a[r] ...
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Genetic Relatedness of Clostridium difficile Isolates from Various Origins Determined by Triple Locus Sequence Analysis Based on Toxin Regulatory Genes tcdC, tcdR, and cdtR
... cdtR genes were never found deleted (in 23 and 21 strains studied, ...within genes, leading to deletion or duplication of repeats mainly by slipped-strand mispairing (7, ...⫹ toxin variants (allele ...
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Pharmacogenetics in type 2 diabetes: influence on response to oral hypoglycemic agents
... porter genes; activating enhancer-binding protein 2, which represses MATE1 expression; and the TCFs, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha (HNF4 α ) and peroxisome proliferator- activated, alpha (PPAR α ...
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Virulence Factors Variation Among Bordetella Pertussis Isolates in Iran
... virulence genes of ...the genes encoded virulence factors including ptxS1, prn, fim3 and cyaA to understand the differences between circulating strains and vaccine strain in ...
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