[PDF] Top 20 Amino Acid Mutation N348I in the Connection Subdomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Confers Multiclass Resistance to Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Amino Acid Mutation N348I in the Connection Subdomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Confers Multiclass Resistance to Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... nucleic acid binding cleft ( ⬃ 15 ...nucleic acid binding ...the N348I mu- tation in each subunit to the drug resistance ...the connection, thumb, and palm subdomains. It is likely that ... See full document
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A 6 basepair insert in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 confers resistance to multiple nucleoside inhibitors
... HIV-1 reverse tran- scriptase (RT) confer resistance to antiretroviral drugs, in- serts or deletions in this gene have not been previously char- ...drug resistance mutations were also observed ... See full document
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Nucleoside Analog Resistance Caused by Insertions in the Fingers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Involves ATP-Mediated Excision
... anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy has prolonged the lives of patients, drug resistance is a significant ...cause resistance to several ... See full document
9
Frequency of Mutations Conferring Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patients in Korea
... codon amino acid positions 41, 67, 70, 210, 215, and 219 (5, 10, 14, 15, ...1997, nonnucleoside RTI, first introduced in 2000, have not been widely used until ...with nucleoside RTI (NRTI) ... See full document
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Cross-Linking of the Fingers Subdomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase to Template-Primer
... with resistance to nucleoside analog RT inhibitors acted by altering the position of the nucleic acid substrate relative to ...the amino acids in the fingers where there are mutations ... See full document
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Subtype-Specific Differences in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Connection Subdomain of CRF01_AE Are Associated with Higher Levels of Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine
... to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) including 3 ⬘ -azido-3 ⬘ -deoxythymidine (AZT) ( ⬎ ...patient’s virus contained numerous substitutions in the RT polymerase (POL) ... See full document
12
Genotypic, Phenotypic, and Modeling Studies of a Deletion in the β3-β4 Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Gene That Is Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... a 1-amino-acid deletion in their RT ...many nucleoside inhibitor resistance mutations occur (23) and where resistance-conferring insertions have been recently re- ported (5, 16, ... See full document
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Characterization and Structural Analysis of Novel Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Involved in the Regulation of Resistance to Nonnucleoside Inhibitors
... I135T mutation occurs with high frequency in both drug-naı¨ve and NNRTI-treated popu- ...I135T mutation contributes to the escape of HIV from the HLA-restricted immune response as well as from the ... See full document
13
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutation I132M Confers Hypersensitivity to Nucleoside Analogs
... rare mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse trans- criptase (RT), I132M, which confers high-level resistance to the ... See full document
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutagenesis during Antiviral Therapy: Impact of Drug-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase and Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutation Frequencies
... which confers high resistance to aba- cavir, led to a significant increase in virus mutation frequen- cies, which is in contrast to the individual mutations, which do not lead to significant ... See full document
13
HIV-1 and HIV-2 Reverse Transcriptases: Different Mechanisms of Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... related virus, HIV-2, is endemic to West Africa, and there are more localized foci of infections in other areas, such as ...drug resistance mutations that are selected when HIV-1 RT and HIV-2 RT are ... See full document
10
Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase Resistant to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Demonstrate Altered Rates of RNase H Cleavage That Correlate with HIV-1 Replication Fitness in Cell Culture
... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (V106A, V179D, and Y181C), which occur in clinical isolates and confer resistance to ... See full document
12
Comparative Study of Various Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Different Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme
... • In order to study the Anti HIV potential and to gauge the possible binding mode, a library of thiazolidinone analogues was docked into the active site of four different crystal structures of HIV -1 RTviz; 2ZD1, ... See full document
7
Significance of amino acid variation at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase residue 210 for zidovudine susceptibility.
... Construction of recombinant HIV-1 strains from clinical material: recombi- nant virus assay (RVA). A DNA fragment of the HIV RT coding region derived from the sera of a number of HIV-positive patients ... See full document
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Quantification of the Effects on Viral DNA Synthesis of Reverse Transcriptase Mutations Conferring Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to Nucleoside Analogues
... M184V mutation, defects in RT activity produced by these TAMs appear to be accentuated by depletion of dNTP ...K70R mutation or both and that, although both viruses expressing the M41L ⫹ T215Y mutations ... See full document
11
Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to Protease Inhibitors on Reverse Transcriptase Processing, Activity, and Drug Sensitivity
... Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants resistant to protease inhibitors often display a reduced replicative capacity as a result of an impairment of protease ... See full document
5
Resistance pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase to quinoxaline S-2720.
... Indeed, the quinoxaline derivative has broad-spectrum activity against various mutant HIV-1 strains that are resistant to other HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors; i.e., quinoxaline S-2720 is [r] ... See full document
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Reduced Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) from Patients with Primary HIV Infection to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Is Associated with Variation at Novel Amino Acid Sites
... at amino acid sites that were previously known to affect susceptibility to NNRTIs, and its genotypic basis re- mained ...46 amino acid sites that showed significant variation in a data set of ... See full document
5
The Connection Domain Mutation N348I in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Enhances Resistance to Etravirine and Rilpivirine but Restricts the Emergence of the E138K Resistance Mutation by Diminishing Viral Replication Capacity
... E138K mutation emerges both in vitro and in vivo and confers cross-resistance to ETR and RPV by reducing susceptibil- ity 2- to 3-fold (38–40, 92), but E138K was shown to have no ... See full document
12
Increased Multinucleoside Drug Resistance and Decreased Replicative Capacity of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant with an 8-Amino-Acid Insert in the Reverse Transcriptase
... Probing the history of the 8-aa insert. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of HIV-1 variants with and without the 8-aa insert indicates that a large part of the 24-nucleotide insert is due to duplication of ... See full document
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