[PDF] Top 20 The early use of botulinum toxin in post stroke spasticity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

... of spasticity is complex and nor- mally involves multiple professions ...of spasticity, in current practice, is delayed until secondary complications are ...of spasticity treatment may be detrimental ... See full document

... store). Spasticity is common in CP children and isolated Botulinum toxin A injections into the gastrocnemius muscle for equinus foot deformity, as well as multilevel lower limb injection have shown ... See full document

... Botulinum toxin is the treatment used in standard care to alleviate spasms, but by their nature result in a cyc- lical pattern of relief and aggravation as the toxin wears off [4] and hence patients ... See full document

... the use of botulinum toxin in children under the age of 2 years, the chosen doses are smaller than the maximal doses authorised for the treatment of spasticity in older children with cerebral ... See full document

... of botulinum toxin type A in this treatment context, to our knowledge only one other published study exists ...This study adopted a decision analytic approach to compare the cost-effectiveness ... See full document

... (b) Resources used whilst in hospital will be recorded by health-care professionals (or any assigned representatives). These will include days spent in wards, procedures or laboratory tests undertaken and concomitant ... See full document

... Functional disability The Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI)© [15, 16] is a patient self-report measure that asks about six daily activities: reading, driving a ve- hicle, watching TV, shopping, walking and doing ... See full document

... on a repeated measures design. The optimum approach to analyze repeated measures data in future RCTs would be to apply repeated measures ANOVA or a linear mixed-effects model, unlike simple linear regression and ANCOVA ... See full document

... Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have reported mixed outcomes of early mobilisation post- ...when early mobilisation was instigated very early (within the first 24 h ... See full document

... feasibility study with only 37 participants; therefore, effects should be tested in a study with a sufficient sample ...or use of a standardized home program such as the Graded Repetitive Arm ... See full document

... that botulinum toxin is not used in isolation but as part of a comprehen- sive upper limb therapy ...limb spasticity from any pharmacological intervention are unlikely to translate into sustained ... See full document

... forward. Post stroke patients with equinovarus deformity are unable to achieve proper contact with the ground resulting in poor stance on the affected leg and lose the heel toe rhythm of walking due to ... See full document

... of stroke patients, many of whom still experience problems in the longer ...term[1,2]. Spasticity can occur following stroke and is challenging to define and ...cord. Spasticity can cause pain ... See full document

... of early post-traumatic seizure between the phenytoin-treated and placebo-treated groups because of the small sample size and because phenytoin and benzodiazepines were used in the emergency department and ... See full document

... on spasticity that have been reported in clinical trials could best be described as moderate and occurred mainly in subjective scores rather than objective ...the use of CBMEs; however, it remains to be ... See full document

... Pregnancy Study Groups; LGA: Large for gestational age; NZSSD: New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; RCOG: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; RCT: ... See full document

... the study was antici- pated to be challenging due to the narrow recruitment window between the decision to have ECT and the first ...the study itself, three ECT suites have closed due to NHS Trust ... See full document

... into early identification and intervention in subjects at risk for ...exploratory, controlled study of multi-family psycho- educational psychotherapy from the group of Fristad and colleagues [22], an ... See full document

... and spasticity 12 months poststroke, this association was lost in the multivariate regression analysis, as the FMA-UE was a much stronger ...of spasticity a predic- tor, as patients with spasticity ... See full document

... the study allows for an examination of whether child or family-focused interventions are asso- ciated with greater improvements, which to date, has not been evaluated in a systematic way with children and ... See full document