[PDF] Top 20 Generating Expressions that Refer to Visible Objects

... 2011); and when it does, it will likely not take the form supposed in recent generation work. Most REG algorithms use a predefined single-featured value, such as “big”; however, given an image-based input, obtaining such ... See full document

... referring expressions in real-time, and to not only capture the strong predictors from ...similar objects close to each other but too far from the agent to distinguish with deixis) that requires choosing a ... See full document

... first sketch the overall setting. In the instruction giving task, an architect observes the actions of a (human) builder and sends real-time instructions to the builder. The architect has to solve several tasks: First, ... See full document

... ignated in it via an ordinary proper name. A person like Mr. Jones, for example, may be designated using an artificial name like # Jones083, if the name Jones is not uniquely distinguishing. The same is true for a piece ... See full document

... We start by defining a synchronous grammar formalism that relates surface strings to their in- terpretations as sets of objects in a given domain (Section 3). This formalism integrates REG with surface ... See full document

... g7 pred onargl blargltype bottle Test runs involving lattice construction for ranarg2 tlarg2type table dom data sets ranging from 10 to 120 objects, g11 pred left-ofargl blargltype bottl[r] ... See full document

... In the second step, the algorithm iterates through the underspecified domains instantiated with S and selects the first that matches. The order in which underspecified domains are tested is particularly im- portant. We ... See full document

... For reasons that will become apparent later, we complicate matters slightly: Fol- lowing Dale and Reiter, we view each property as consisting of an Attribute (e.g., color) and a Value (e.g., white), written ... See full document

... various expressions in the data were found to be plausibly ascribed two or more descriptor ...“three” refer to the squares containing the collections of visual objects and not the quantity of items ... See full document

... of generating descriptions that are as brief as possible (Dale 1989), and this can be argued to make interpretation ...(i.e., objects other than the referent); if an attribute ... See full document

... The incremental algorithm (Reiter and Dale, 1992) is the most widely discussed attribute selection algorithm. It takes as input the intended refer- ent and a contrast set of distractors (other enti- ties that ... See full document

... Apart from environment-directed acts, simulated users issue a number of dialogue acts. The list of dialogue actions that the user can perform in this model is given in Table 2. It consists of default moves like provide ... See full document

... at generating descriptions or re- ferring expressions for objects in scenes of real-world images, though focusing mostly on relatively simple language like object names, color and location attributes ... See full document

... In IR imagery, the foreground target region has unique characteristics, which is helpful to identify and analyze the target from the background. As can be observed in the experimental results illustrated in Figs. 1 ... See full document

... foreground regions. In thermal domain, we apply a histogram-based adap- tive threshold method to detect all the objects with temperature. Then, the salient pedestrian regions can be obtained by the fusion of both ... See full document

... of objects in ...between objects, but has some similarities with that ...between objects and the ‘scene’ (Yang et ...which objects have ... See full document

... The main idea behind algebra is to replace numbers (or other specific objects) by symbols. This makes things a lot simpler: instead of saying “I‟m looking for a number so that when I multiply it by 7 and add 3 I ... See full document

... Planning-based approaches to reference provide a uniform treatment of linguistic decisions, from content selection to lexi- cal choice. In this paper, we show how the issues of lexical ambiguity, vague- ness, unspecific ... See full document

... A Computational Model for Generating Referring Expressions in a Multilingual Application Domain A C o m p u t a t i o n a l M o d e l for G e n e r a t i n g R e f e r r i n g E x p r e s s i o n s in[.] ... See full document

... facial expressions and hence reduced the amount of labor and time, incurred in performing the task ...facial expressions and the amount of time taken by the algorithm to query the meta data ... See full document