[PDF] Top 20 Methamphetamine: Effects on the brain, gut and immune system

... METH induces peripheral kidney and liver damage that leads to toxic ammonia levels in the blood and subsequently, the brain. Ammonia that is not cleared by the liver as normal accumulates and causes oxidative ... See full document

... the gut microbiota is interacting bidirectionally with the gastrointestinal tract, CNS, ANS, and the immune system, alterations of the gut microbiota can influence these components of the ... See full document

... enhancing effects of astrocytes on the blood-brain barrier (69), these mucosal EGCS (mEGCs) play a critical role in maintaining the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, an effect that is likely to ... See full document

... positive effects on gut microbiota, gut morphology, immune system, and disease resistance (Merrifield, Dimitroglou, Foey, Davies, Baker, Bogwald, Castex and ...positive effects ... See full document

... the gut associated immune system GALT, the largest immune organ in the body of humans and domestic animals, contains a variety of immune cell types from the innate and acquired ... See full document

... maternal immune dysregulation has been identified as potentially involved in promoting ASD in the ...maternal immune activation mouse ...the gut microbiome as factors possibly facilitating ...the ... See full document

... In addition to the cytokine-centered theory of IR, a relatively new aspect is nutrient-induced infl ammation that leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of jun-N-terminal kinase, and inhibition of insulin ... See full document

... the effects of HAART on the restoration of the gut mucosal immune system com- pared to the peripheral blood in HIV-1-infected ...the gut microen- vironment, independent of the time of ... See full document

... nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal ...the gut microbiota in these gut-brain ...the gut microbiota appears to influence the development of ... See full document

... side effects of chemotherapy also causes depression (Raison, Capuron, & Miller, ...adult brain (for review see (Yirmiya, ...ongoing immune activation in the brains of affected individuals. ... See full document

... ABSTRACT Methamphetamine (METH) is a major addictive drug of abuse in the United States and worldwide, and its use is linked to HIV ...nervous system stimulant, METH has diverse effects on host immu- ... See full document

... mesolimbic system, an interconnected network of the brain areas comprised by the ventral tegmental area (VTA) nucleus accumbens (NAc), basolateral amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Kalivas and ... See full document

... As discussed above, the host-commensal interactions are very complex and designing a right combination of these bacteria to tackle disease is very dif fi cult. Gut commensals can directly and indirectly limit ... See full document

... very different immune systems and responses, depending on whether or not they were reared in grounded or ungrounded cages. It is standard research practice for investigators to carefully describe their methods and ... See full document

... (bone marrow and thymus) and secondary (spleen and lymph nodes) lymphoid organs are abundantly innervated by autonomic, mostly sympathetic efferent fibers. The SNS primary neurotransmitter - norepinephrine is re- leased ... See full document

... The alimentary system consists of a chitinous fore-gut, comprising an oesophagus, a cardiac fore-gut, and a pyloric fore-gut, a mid-gut which is the longest part of the gut and possesses[r] ... See full document

... All cells of the immune system take part during the reparative process in the regeneration of skin. Their individual roles change depending on the phase. Damage to the skin causes an in fl ammatory response. ... See full document

... orchestrating immune system logic and their release in the gut micro milieu can directly affect bacterial gene ...on immune system components in physiological and pathophysiological ... See full document

... Microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS, are the driving force behind the neuroinflammatory re- sponse to CNS injury. As the immune sentinels and first responders, microglia constantly survey the envir- ... See full document

... substances, methamphetamine (Met) produces, following repeated application, a strong increase in behavioural responses (particularly locomotor behaviour), a phenomenon termed behavioural ...the effects of ... See full document