[PDF] Top 20 Why is there a Productivity Problem in the EU? CEPS Working Documents No. 205, 1 July 2004

... The industry-growth accounting experiments presented here provide a numerical rendition of the various views. The key result here is that the common wisdom indeed explains a large fraction of the EU-US growth gap, ... See full document

... The draft law has been extensively criticised on several grounds. It seems that the draft secures the status quo not taking into account the dangers created by the region’s heavy dependency on import substitution. Its ... See full document

... The implementation of the new Directive 2004/38/EC will overcome some of these obstacles to the freedom rationale. A rapid and accurate transposition of the Directive onto the national legislations of the member ... See full document

... People choose to do things in order to be happier. Therefore, all the variables that can be chosen to some extent by individuals suffer the problem of endogeneity bias. Those who value money relatively more tend ... See full document

... an EU accession candidate, but it needed more time to reach Copenhagen criteria ...of EU conditionality – reform of the judiciary, reform of public administration, corruption and treatment of the Roma ...no ... See full document

... Nevertheless, there are also some good news for the advocates of OCA endogeneity. First, the extent of synchronisation is very high within the EMU core countries and the peripheric EMU countries have been moving toward ... See full document

... Including minimum wages poses some more problems. In a number of countries no statutory minimum wage exists, but industry- or occupation-specific minimums are set by legislation or collective bargaining agreements. It is ... See full document

... The Road Maps, which after a period of long negotiations appear as if they were a very ‘light’ version of preparation plans for Russia’s EU membership, largely resemble a list of good intentions. Politically, they ... See full document

... Bottazzi agrees that the scarcity of risk capital and of venture capital in particular may harm the innovative ability of start-ups. Venture capital has been shown to benefit start-ups beyond the supply of finance. In ... See full document

... Council, 2004) 36 and container security (CSI; see Council, 2004d) are notable, as they embody mechanisms that lead to a ‘virtual forward-shift’ of the borderline, giving border staff added time for control ... See full document

... iv. Soft security. Against this scenario of possible fragmentation and renewed tension, it is apparent why Black Sea regionalism should steer clear of military and political security questions for the time being. ... See full document

... payments problem are indicators such as public finances (generally sound), low levels of debt, EU membership (increased income transfers from EU structural funds will alleviate current account ... See full document

... proposed EU-GCC free trade agreement both appreciably expand trade and improve economic welfare in the GCC countries, with little significant economic impact on the ... See full document

... In the sphere of democracy-building in Iraq, Europe starts from a low base. The absence of European deliberations on democracy in Iraq was palpable during the 1990s, when policy was of course driven by the logic of ... See full document

... labour productivity (measured by value added per employee) is close to that of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, the three biggest countries among the new EU ...case). Productivity in services, ... See full document

... larger EU accession ...of productivity and efficiency in the ...for EU accession and formulate some policy ...in 2004 the Turkish banking sector compares well with those of the new members of ... See full document

... On 1 May 2004 ten new member states entered the ...long EU- accession ...of EU membership in the long term, especially if Turkey begins accession negotiations in ... See full document

... reasons why the opening of national markets did not lead to a corresponding increase in ...competitive EU energy market, national authorities have acted cautiously for a mixture of ...the EU energy ... See full document

... the EU-Turkish case generally suggest that there has been considerable trade creation, but little trade ...around 1% of ...with EU technical regulations have further enhanced market ...with EU ... See full document

... the EU will make about Turkey at the end of this ...the problem of democratic consolidation and societal modernisation, on the basis of its political identity as a secular parliamentary democracy, it is ... See full document