Lesson Overview
This lesson familiarizes you with the process and settings of scheduling for production orders.
Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Perform the following Customizing activities for scheduling production orders: define scheduling parameters, define scheduling margins
• Trace the scheduling of production orders in detail
Business Example
You will define scheduling parameters for your order type and a scheduling margin key for your product in Customizing. You will then test different scenarios for production order scheduling in the application.
Figure 58: Scheduling in Production Planning
Production planning knows two scheduling methods that are used for different purposes and have different results:
• Planned order scheduling in MRP (calculates basic dates only)
• Lead time scheduling (calculates production dates based on basic dates).
Only lead time scheduling calculates operation-related dates and capacity requirements.
Lead time scheduling is used for:
• Order scheduling
• Routing scheduling
• Scheduling in the applications PS, PM, and PI
In addition, lead time scheduling can be activated in material requirements planning in order to determine capacity requirements for planned orders.
Figure 59: Production order: Scheduling/Time Elements
The above graphic shows all the possible elements in the total lead time of the production order.
There are two order float times, which serve different purposes:
Float before production: Postponement of dates, capacity planning Float after production: Absorbs any delays
The order float can be predefined using a scheduling margin key (order header screen).
This key is entered in the material master and maintained in Customizing for production orders under “Scheduling”.
The duration of an operation comprises a maximum of five time elements:
• Queue time
• Setup time
• Processing time
• Teardown time
• Process-specific wait time.
The duration of the move time lies between two operations, but it is assigned to the preceding operation.
If a production order is being used to perform production for a sales order, then other time segments that are relevant to sales have to be added.
Figure 60: Scheduling: Operation - Calculation of Setup, Processing, and Teardown Times
To calculate the durations of the setup, processing, and teardown times, you must define a capacity category to be used as the scheduling basis and formulas in the work center.
The durations are determined on the basis of the standard values and additional formula parameters.
When determining the operation dates, the available capacity is taken into account with breaks in the scheduling basis.
Figure 61: Capacity Requirements of an Operation
On the basis of the standard values and other formula parameters, formulas are used to calculate the capacity requirements (per capacity category) of an operation.
Figure 62: Scheduling: Customizing
Customizing: Define Scheduling Parameters for Production Orders
In this activity, you define the parameters necessary for scheduling production orders for each plant, order type, and production scheduler.
Customizing: Define Scheduling Margin Keys
In this activity, you specify time floats for order scheduling as well as the release period for order release.
A suitable scheduling margin key is assigned to a material on the MRP view of its material master.
Exercise 11: Scheduling
Exercise Objectives
After completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define scheduling parameters in Customizing
• Define a scheduling margin key in Customizing
• Explain the scheduling of production orders in the application
Business Example
You will define scheduling parameters for your order type and a scheduling margin key for your product in Customizing.
You will then test different scenarios for production order scheduling in the application.
Task 1:
Try to create a production order for material R-F1## and your order type PO## in production plant 1000.
1. You will get the error message Scheduling parameters are not defined for production orders.
Task 2:
Define the scheduling parameters for your order type PO## for all production schedulers in plant 1000. To do so, copy the scheduling parameters for order type PP01.
1. Choose the following Customizing activity:
(SPRO: SAP Reference IMG: Production → Shop Floor Control → Operations → Scheduling → Define Scheduling Parameters for Production Orders)
Define Scheduling Parameters for Production Orders Select the line for Plant 1000, Order Type PP01, and PrSch *.
Choose icon Copy As …
In Change View ‘’Specify scheduling parameters”: Details of Selected Set:
Field Order type:
Delete entry PP01 and set your order type PO##.
Choose Enter to copy the settings.
Save your scheduling parameters.
2. Change your scheduling parameters:
Subscreen Scheduling control for detailed scheduling:
Scheduling Type: Forwards Subscreen Reduction:
Maximum reduction level: Do not reduce beyond reduction level 3
% reduction in floats: 30 / 60 / 100 Save your changes.
Task 3:
Define a scheduling margin key in Customizing and assign it to your product.
1. Choose the following Customizing activity:
(SPRO: SAP Reference IMG: Production → Shop Floor Control → Operations → Scheduling → Define Scheduling Margin Key) Define Scheduling Margin Key
Choose New Entries Plnt: 1000
Key: T##
Opening Period: 5 Float After Production: 1 Float Before Production: 2 Release Period: 5
Save your scheduling margin key.
2. Choose transaction MM02
(SAP menu: Logistics → Production → Master Data → Material Master → Material → Change → Immediately) to change
Material: R-F1##
Select the View MRP 2 and the Organizational Level Plant 1000.
Scheduling / SchedMargin key: T##
Save your material.
Task 4:
Create a production order and check the scheduling of the order for different situations.
1. Create a production order of type PO## for material R-F1## in plant 1000.
Enter a total quantity of 1 PC.
Continued on next page
Choose next Monday (or the first workday of next week) as the basic start date.
2. Check:
In accordance with the scheduling parameters you have defined in Customizing, the system proposes scheduling type Forwards.
According to the settings you have made in the material master record for material R-F1##, the system proposes scheduling margin key T##.
Control tab: In accordance with the scheduling parameters, the system sets the Calculate Capacity Reqs indicator and the Automatic Scheduling indicator.
3. Check in detail the scheduled dates and times on header, operation, and component level.
For the operations, check also the calculated activities and capacity requirements.
Analyze these data with help of the information given in the participant handbook.
4. Now change the basic end date to one workday closer to the present Check: The status NTUP dates are not updated has been set.
Choose icon Schedule Order.
Check:
Reduction level 1:
The float before production was reduced by one day. As a result, the scheduled start date is now one day closer to the present.
5. Now change the basic end date to one more workday closer to the present.
Again, check the status and reschedule the order.
Check:
Reduction level 2:
The float after production is used up.
6. Again, change the basic end date to one workday closer to the present and schedule the order again.
Check:
Reduction level 3:
The float before production is used up. As a result, the scheduled start date is now one more day closer to the present.
7. Choose Order → Settings → Scheduling … to display the scheduling parameters that you can still change in the order.
Delete the settings for the reduction strategy and schedule the order again.
Check:
The basic end date has been adjusted in accordance with the Customizing settings in the scheduling parameters.
8. Now choose the scheduling type Backwards and schedule the order again.
Check:
Starting from the basic end date, the system schedules the order backward.
As a result, the order receives a new scheduled end date and due to this, new operation dates as well as a new scheduled start date.
Solution 11: Scheduling
Task 1:
Try to create a production order for material R-F1## and your order type PO## in production plant 1000.
1. You will get the error message Scheduling parameters are not defined for production orders.
a)
-Task 2:
Define the scheduling parameters for your order type PO## for all production schedulers in plant 1000. To do so, copy the scheduling parameters for order type PP01.
1. Choose the following Customizing activity:
(SPRO: SAP Reference IMG: Production → Shop Floor Control → Operations → Scheduling → Define Scheduling Parameters for Production Orders)
Define Scheduling Parameters for Production Orders Select the line for Plant 1000, Order Type PP01, and PrSch *.
Choose icon Copy As …
In Change View ‘’Specify scheduling parameters”: Details of Selected Set:
Field Order type:
Delete entry PP01 and set your order type PO##.
Choose Enter to copy the settings.
Save your scheduling parameters.
a)
-2. Change your scheduling parameters:
Subscreen Scheduling control for detailed scheduling:
Scheduling Type: Forwards Subscreen Reduction:
Maximum reduction level: Do not reduce beyond reduction level 3
% reduction in floats: 30 / 60 / 100 Save your changes.
a)
-Task 3:
Define a scheduling margin key in Customizing and assign it to your product.
1. Choose the following Customizing activity:
(SPRO: SAP Reference IMG: Production → Shop Floor Control → Operations → Scheduling → Define Scheduling Margin Key) Define Scheduling Margin Key
Choose New Entries Plnt: 1000
Key: T##
Opening Period: 5 Float After Production: 1 Float Before Production: 2 Release Period: 5
Save your scheduling margin key.
a)
-2. Choose transaction MM02
(SAP menu: Logistics → Production → Master Data → Material Master → Material → Change → Immediately) to change
Material: R-F1##
Select the View MRP 2 and the Organizational Level Plant 1000.
Scheduling / SchedMargin key: T##
Save your material.
a)
-Task 4:
Create a production order and check the scheduling of the order for different situations.
1. Create a production order of type PO## for material R-F1## in plant 1000.
Enter a total quantity of 1 PC.
Choose next Monday (or the first workday of next week) as the basic start date.
a) -2. Check:
In accordance with the scheduling parameters you have defined in Customizing, the system proposes scheduling type Forwards.
Continued on next page
According to the settings you have made in the material master record for material R-F1##, the system proposes scheduling margin key T##.
Control tab: In accordance with the scheduling parameters, the system sets the Calculate Capacity Reqs indicator and the Automatic Scheduling indicator.
a)
-3. Check in detail the scheduled dates and times on header, operation, and component level.
For the operations, check also the calculated activities and capacity requirements.
Analyze these data with help of the information given in the participant handbook.
a)
-4. Now change the basic end date to one workday closer to the present Check: The status NTUP dates are not updated has been set.
Choose icon Schedule Order.
Check:
Reduction level 1:
The float before production was reduced by one day. As a result, the scheduled start date is now one day closer to the present.
a)
-5. Now change the basic end date to one more workday closer to the present.
Again, check the status and reschedule the order.
Check:
Reduction level 2:
The float after production is used up.
a)
-6. Again, change the basic end date to one workday closer to the present and schedule the order again.
Check:
Reduction level 3:
The float before production is used up. As a result, the scheduled start date is now one more day closer to the present.
a)
-7. Choose Order → Settings → Scheduling … to display the scheduling parameters that you can still change in the order.
Delete the settings for the reduction strategy and schedule the order again.
Check:
The basic end date has been adjusted in accordance with the Customizing settings in the scheduling parameters.
a)
-8. Now choose the scheduling type Backwards and schedule the order again.
Check:
Starting from the basic end date, the system schedules the order backward.
As a result, the order receives a new scheduled end date and due to this, new operation dates as well as a new scheduled start date.
a)
-Lesson Summary
You should now be able to:
• Perform the following Customizing activities for scheduling production orders: define scheduling parameters, define scheduling margins
• Trace the scheduling of production orders in detail