Chapter 3 Development of West Java Water
3.3 FINAL FRAMEWORK
3.3.5 Distribution and Collection of Completed Questionnaires
3.3.5.2 Round Two of the Delphi Application
In Round Two, the questionnaire was distributed to 37 of 43 respondents in Round One, as some withdrew after Round One due to other commitments. The numbers of respondents in Round Two, in each category, were 13 for University Lecturer, 8 for Environmental Consultant, 10 for Government Official and 6 for Community Group.
In this round, respondents had the opportunity to review and refine their answers provided in Round One of questionnaire distribution. As the responses of Round One were provided in the beginning of Round Two, respondents were able to analyse the answers of other respondents (along with their justifications) and were more confident to provide their answers in Round Two. This process has contributed to the convergence of respondents’ answers in Round Two. The responses in Round Two are described in the sub‐sections below.
(a) Components
As the components were modified to correspond with the National Regulation No. 7/2004 on Water Resources, in this round respondents were asked to assess the modified components. The responses are illustrated in Figure 3.5. This figure shows that 75% respondents agreed on modifications to correspond with the national regulation on water resources management. Another 16% respondents did not agree. As 67% was the cut‐off in this application, the new set of components was used in the WJWSI.
Figure 3.5 Percentage of responses agreed on all components together – Round Two
(b) Indicators and sub‐indicators
In Round Two, respondents were asked to agree on nine indicators and sub‐indicators. These were the indicators that less than 67% of respondents agreed in Round One, and the new indicators or sub‐indicators suggested by respondents during Round One of the Delphi application. These indicators and sub‐indicators as well as their responses are shown in Figure 3.6.
Figure 3.6shows that eight of nine indicators had the response percentage of 67% or above. Only Finance was below 67% (in the first round only Finance was agreed by 56% of respondents). Indicators with 67% or above (i.e. Population Pressure, Information Disclosure, Governance Structure, Education, Poverty, Sanitation, Health Impact and Law Enforcement) were then finalised.
Figure 3.6 also shows there is no ‘disagree’ response for all indicators, including Finance. However, as the ‘agree’ percentage for Finance is below 67%, this indicator was brought into in‐depth interviews in Round Two (explained in Section 3.3.6) with key stakeholders for further analysis.
(c) Thresholds
There were only three new thresholds (both maximum and minimum) suggested by respondents in Round One: Poverty, Coverage and Water Demand. Therefore, in Round Two only these thresholds were presented to respondents. As the respondents in Round One had neutral responses for other thresholds (i.e. shaded areas in Table 3.5, except the above new thresholds), they were not included in Round Two. Instead, they were brought to in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders (Section 3.3.6).
Respondents in Round Two were requested to compare these thresholds with the old values in Round 1. They were also asked which thresholds (new or old) were preferred. The old thresholds (proposed in the conceptual framework for Round One) and the new thresholds (suggested by respondents during Round One of the Delphi application) are shown in Table 3.4. Responses on these questions are shown in Figure 3.7. This figure shows that for Poverty and Water Demand, 81% respondents (compared to 56% in Round One) and 89% respondents (compared to 59% in Round One) preferred new thresholds respectively. For Coverage, 65% respondents chose old thresholds. In Round One, 71% agreed with old thresholds, although some suggested new thresholds. Based on these responses, considering the 67% cut‐off, new
thresholds for Poverty and Water Demand were used in WJWSI, and the old thresholds for Coverage were used.
Conclusions on Round Two
Based on the results of Round Two, further modifications were made to the WJWSI components, indicators and thresholds, as shown in Table 3.6. This table includes components, indicators and sub‐indicators, and thresholds which have been agreed based on the two rounds of the Delphi application.
Thresholds which have not been agreed to are presented in the shaded area in Table 3.6. They are Water Availability, Water Access, Water Loss, Population Pressure, Information Disclosure, Governance Structure, Education and Law Enforcement. These thresholds were brought to the in‐depth interviews with the key stakeholders (Section 3.3.6).
Table 3.6 Framework of WJWSI as agreed after Delphi application Round Two
Component Indicator Sub‐indicator Thresholds
Unit Max Min
Conservation Water Availability m3/cap/yr 1700 a 500 b
Land Use Changes ‐ 1 b 0 a
Water Quality ‐ 0 a ‐31 b
Water Use Water Demand % 40 b 10 a
Water Access % 100 a 0 b
Water Service Provision
Coverage % 80 a 0 b
Water Loss % 15 b 0 a
Population Pressure Not discussed in Round Two Policy and
Governance
Information Disclosure Not discussed in Round Two Governance Structure Not discussed in Round Two Public Participation Education % 100 a 0 b
Poverty % 20 b 0 a Sanitation % 100 a 0 b Health Impact (cases/1000 people) 100 b 0 a
Law Enforcement Not discussed in Round Two a: preferable; b: not preferable
To finalise the framework after two rounds of the Delphi application, in‐depth interviews were conducted. This was an effective way to finalise the framework, as the results from two rounds were already converged to a greater level. The time spent in conducting in‐depth interviews was believed to be less than the time spent in more round(s) of questionnaire distribution.