Application of West Java Water Sustainability
4.7 CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS AND SUB ‐ INDICATORS
5.2.4 Weights for Indicators and Sub ‐ indicators
The weights of WJWSI indicators and sub‐indicators were obtained based on the input from water‐related stakeholders in West Java. The stakeholders participated in this part of the study were a subset of the stakeholders participated in the Delphi technique application. After the calculation of weights using the Revised Simos’ procedure, it was revealed that there were significant difference on weights among the indicators and sub‐indicators. It is concluded that even though the stakeholders agreed on the indicators and sub‐indicators, these stakeholders have different preferences on some indicators and sub‐indicators.
This is supported by the results of weighting groups based on the categories of stakeholders. The results of the weighting groups showed that the Community Group and University Lecturer have contradictory responses on several indicators and sub‐indicators. Therefore, it is important to note (again) that the involvement of wide range of stakeholders in a study on water resource management is essential, due to different views that those stakeholders have.
In this study, the different weights given by the stakeholders were used in the robustness analysis of the index, which aimed to analyse whether the non‐equal weights given by the stakeholders significantly affect the final index value. The robustness analysis showed that the weighting scheme was not sensitive to the final index value. Therefore, for future use of the WJWSI, either the equal or non‐equal weighting scheme can be used.
5.2.5 Uncertainty and Sensitivity of the Index
The uncertainty analysis on the index, undertaken in this study, was able to identify the sources of uncertainty in developing WJWSI, which included:
- Thresholds of indicators and sub‐indicators
- Weighting schemes
- Aggregation methods
The uncertainty analysis on the three catchments, as part of the applications of WJWSI in this study, has indicated that changes in the thresholds of WJWSI indicators and sub‐indicators have not significantly affected the sub‐index values of most indicators and sub‐indicators. In the Citarum catchment, for example, only the sub‐index value of Water Availability was affected
of the index) in the Citarum catchment preferred different thresholds for this indicator, the index users need to be aware of the possible significant changes on the sub‐index value of the indicator.
Based on the sensitivity analysis in the three catchments, for future use of the aggregation of WJWSI indicators and sub‐indicators, either the equal or non‐equal weighting scheme can be used. As shown in the sensitivity analysis, the changes on the weighting schemes will not significantly affect the final index.
The sensitivity analysis on the three catchments has also showed that the final index values were most sensitive to the aggregation methods compared to the weighting schemes or threshold values. In this study, the recommended aggregation method to aggregate indicators and sub‐indicators was the geometric aggregation method. The geometric aggregation method is recommended to be used for WJWSI over the arithmetic aggregation method. Using the geometric method, the differences in the sub‐index values of WJWSI indicators and sub‐ indicators are taken into account. Poor indicator performances, shown by the low sub‐index values, will be reflected in the aggregated index value. In contrast, when using the arithmetic aggregation method, poor indicator performances will not be reflected in the aggregated index value if other indicators perform well. If other aggregation method(s) is preferred, users of the index should be aware of significant changes that might occur in the final index.
5.2.6 Correlations of Indicators and Sub‐indicators
The correlation analysis on the WJWSI indicators and sub‐indicators was based on the sub‐index values of the indicators and sub‐indicators in the three catchments (i.e. Citarum, Ciliwung and Citanduy) during the period of years 2006 to 2008. The correlation analysis was based from nine data points, due to the data availability in West Java catchments. These nine data points were obtained from three different catchments. For each catchment, three data points were used, reflecting the sub‐index values of different years. Due to this limitation on the data points, it is important to be cautious on the results of this correlation analysis.
Using the nine data points, it was found that most of the indicators and sub‐indicators were correlated. However, it is recommended to water authorities in West Java (as well as to users of
more data points for the sub‐index values. The 9 data points used in this study to compute the correlation coefficients might not reflect the actual correlations among the indicators and sub‐ indicators.
If the correlation analysis with more data points shows strong correlations of some indicators and sub‐indicators, appropriate actions need to be undertaken. For these highly correlated indicators and sub‐indicators, they can be assigned less weight (compared to other indicators and sub‐indicators with no significant correlation) during the aggregation to compute the final index. Then, the weights given based on the correlation can be used as one source of uncertainty during the robustness analysis of the index. The robustness analysis will then indicate whether weights obtained from the correlation analysis significantly affect the final index value.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO WATER AUTHORITIES
The water authorities in West Java can be benefited from both the development of WJWSI and the results of WJWSI applications in the three catchments. The water authorities in West Java are now able to understand how a water sustainability index is developed, and make necessary modifications (if required). Results from the applications of WJWSI have provided information on the current conditions of water resource in each study catchment, which can be regularly monitored by the water authorities, as well as by general public. The applications of WJWSI in this study also proposed relevant programs to the water authorities, which can be used to improve the performance of the water resources in each catchment.
In addition, based on the results of the applications, the provincial government of West Java is now able to compare the water resource performances of these three catchments in West Java, and take appropriate actions to improve the performances of the catchments. In the future, the comparison of different catchments can be extended to all catchments in West Java.
In general, the applications of WJWSI in three selected catchments have provided valuable information on the current conditions of water resource performances to respective water authorities. The sub‐index values of indicators and sub‐indicators, obtained through the applications of WJWSI in different catchments, were able to inform water authorities in West
The applications of WJWSI in different catchments have also indicated water resource issues that needed higher priority, due to poor performances of relevant indicators and sub‐indicators.
The final index values for the three catchments obtained in this study were used to analyse the overall conditions of water resource management in the three catchments. The final index values of the catchments were also used to compare the performances of the three catchments. With the information on the performances of different catchments, water authorities at the provincial level are now able to identify catchments that need higher priorities, and to allocate more funding on these catchments so that they can improve their catchment performances.
The information on the sub‐index values of indicators and sub‐indicators, as well as the final index values, of the three different catchments in this study can also be used by water authorities in respective catchments to communicate the water resource conditions to the community. The final index and sub index values of WJWSI can be easily understood by the general public and as they become aware of the water conditions in their respective catchments, they are expected to participate in programs to improve the water resource conditions.
More specific recommendations to water authorities in three different catchments are presented in the following sub‐sections: