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Doppler Effect & The _______________ _________________ of a star go through a similar shift. Red-shift If the star is coming ______________, the light waves are ________________
(pushed) together. This makes light waves move _______________ the _______________ spectrum. If a star is moving _____________, the light waves Get stretched _______________. This makes the light waves move
_______________ the red spectrum. This is called the ___________ shift. When the light waves of stars in surrounding galaxies are examines, We notice that they are giving off _________ waves, which means that
They are in the _______________ spectrum. ___________spectrum light waves are ______________ waves Red Shift – Blue Shift >What side of the picture would show a star
moving toward the earth? a. Side A b. Side B
> What side of the picture would show a star moving away from Earth a. Side A b. Side B
> Which side of the picture shows the Red shift? a. Side A b. Side B
Astronomers studying star HD 10180 notice that the lines on its spectrum are moving towards The red end of the spectrum:
>What does this tell them about the motion of the star relative to earth?
Evidence for the Video:
Big Bang Theory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sFQCf95CDg
1. The Red Shift 1. RED SHIFT: Universe is _____________________. All galaxies show a ________ __________ in their Light. This means all the galaxies are ___________________ ___________ from each other.
2. Cosmic Microwave 2. Cosmic _________________________ ____________________________ _________________________
Background Radiation or CMB, is a radiation that fills the universe and can be _________________ in every _______________.
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3. Relative Abundance 3. Relative _________________________ of ____________________________
of Elements The relative abundance of light elements (________________________ and ______________________) in the Universe are another important piece of evidence for the ___________ ___________________.
>What is important about Hubble’s discovery that there is a red shift in the spectra of galaxies a. It suggests that the universe is contracting.
b. It suggests that the universe is expanding. c. It suggests the existence of black holes. d. It proves the Big Bang Theory
Between 2001 and 2010, a NASA probe collected microwave data on the early universe. The Image depicts 13.77-billion-year-old temperature fluctuations (shown as color differences) in The early universe. What characteristic of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) provides evidence that the universe is expanding?
a . The hydrogen to helium ratio in the CMBR matches predictions made using the Big Bang Theory b. the CMBR can be detected coming from all directions c. Any microwave radiation is an indication of expansion d. The CMBR arriving at Earth has been blue shifted.
GRAPHING SKILLS Expectation: The student will demonstrate that data analysis is a vital aspect of the process of scientific inquiry and communication.
CYCLES OF MATERIALS Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one part of the biosphere to another through ______________________________cycles. Recycling of these natural materials is done using the ______________ ___________, the ________________ ______________, the __________________ _____________, the
______________ ____________ and the _______________________ _______________. For example, in the
_______________ cycle, biological processes, human activities, as well as geochemical activities like volcanic activity release ________ into the atmosphere and through the carbon cycle. _______________ ________in the atmosphere can act as a “greenhouse gas” which traps heat and leads to global warming. In the _________ _________________, however, water changes from a _____________ to an atmospheric gas through the
processes of _________________ and __________________. Water vapor condenses into ______________ that form clouds until the water returns to earth in the form of ____________________- rain, snow, sleet. Industrial pollutants such as sulfur dioxide can become a part of cloud formations producing sulfuric acid which results in acid rain.
> The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Use it to help you answer the following:
Created by: Rowena Ventura
> Which of these would lead to an increase in carbon dioxide in he atmosphere? a. a decrease in respiration
b. a decrease in the ozone layer c. an increase in photosynthesis
d. an increase in the burning of fossil fuels
>Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT involve a state where the chemical enters the atmosphere? a. water cycle c. nitrogen cycle
b. carbon cycle d. phosphorus cycle Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn41lXKyVWQ WAVES
What are waves? A wave is a disturbance that carries _____________________from place to place.
A wave can be described as an ______________ ________________ that travels through a medium from one location to another. Waves, simply put, are energy moving from one place to another. As the wave moves through the medium (water, air, slinky), energy is being passed from one particle to the next. Waves occur around us everyday. Some common places we experience waves are in ___________, ______________________, ___________________ and earthquakes.
Properties of Waves 1. FREQUENCY – is the _______________ of complete _______________. 1. Frequency a point o the wave makes each second
2. Wavelength
3. Amplitude - Frequency is measured in _______________ (_____), its units are 1/s 4. Wave Speed
2. WAVELENGTH – The __________________ _______________ between points where the wave pattern Repeats itself.
- Wavelength is measured in _______________ The symbol is ______________
3. AMPLITUDE – the __________________ ___________________ from equilibrium
- the _____________ the amplitude of
the wave, the ___________ ____________________ the wave has.
4. WAVE SPEED - depends on the medium in which the wave is travelling. - It varies in __________________, _____________________, ________________ A mathematical way to calculate speed:
____________________________= _________________________________x ___________________________ SYMBOLS AND UNITS
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THE NATURE OF -by definition, a FORCE is a _________________ or a __________________. FORCE
Forces have both ________________ and _____________________ components
BALANCED &
UNBALANCED >Balanced Force - _____________ and ___________________ acting on the _____________ objects result in ______ Forces motion of the object.
> Unbalanced Forces – 2 ot more forces of ______________________ strength or direction acting upon on an object results in the ______________________ of the object.
VECTORS -Vectors are methods used to _________________________ show forces.
- A vector is a quantity which has both ________________ (size) and__________________. > length of arrow shows _____________________of the vector
> The angle of the arrow shows the vector’s ___________________________
> Just like numbers, we can add two or more vectors together and get a net force called ____________________________.
Adding 2 or more Vectors
■ Add vectors A and B to get the Resultant C
■ A + B = C
NEWTON”s 3 Laws First: The Law of Inertia - an onject at _______________ will remain at ___________, and an object Of Moton in ___________________ will remain in ________________ at a constant velocity until acted upon by 1. Law of Inertia Another force.
2. F=ma Second: F = m a (Force = ____________________ x ___________________) =basic unit for mass ? _____________________
-basic unit for acceleration? ____________________________ - Therefore, basic unit for Force is ___________________________ 3. For every action there
Is an equal and -If an object is ___________ in motion, then all forces on it are ________________ and net force Opposite reaction is ________________.
-Friction- the force that one surface exerts on ____________________ when the two rub _____________ each other.
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