FIJI SEVENTH FORM EXAMINATION 2009
BIOLOGY PAPER 1
Time Allowed : Three Hours
(An extra ten minutes is allowed for reading this paper.)
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write all your answers in the Answer Book provided.
2. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Book. 3. If you require more paper, ask the supervisor for extra sheets. Tie these inside the Answer
Book at the appropriate places.
4. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.
5. There are three sections in this paper. Sections A and B are compulsory. Note the choices in Section C.
SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS
Section Guidelines Total
Mark
Suggested Time
A
There are twenty multiple-choice questions.
All the questions are compulsory.
20 35 mins
B There are six short-answer questions.
All the questions are compulsory.
60 110 mins
C There are two essay questions.
Both the questions arecompulsory.
Note the choices in each question.
SECTION A
[20 marks] The multiple-choice questions in this section are all compulsory.Each question is worth 1 mark.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MULTIPLE – CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. In your Answer Book, circle the letter which represents the best answer. If you change your mind, put a line through your first choice and circle the letter of your next choice.
For example:
2. If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line through your second circle and tick () your first answer.
For example:
3. No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter for a question.
1. The abnormal number of chromosomes, causing Klinefelter’s syndrome in humans, could be the result of an error during
A. prophase of meiosis II – in the female parent. B. anaphase of meiosis I – in the female parent. C. metaphase of meiosis II – in the male parent. D. telophase of meiosis I – in the male parent.
2. The anterior segments of annelids have become modified to contain specialized sensory organs.
The statement given above best describes the term A. torsion.
B. cleavage. C. cephalisation. D. bilateral symmetry.
3. According to human evolution, the increase in brain size, directly improves
A. language. B. stone tools. C. agriculture. D. bipedalism.
12 A B C D
12 A B C D
4. Which of the following sets of compounds would differentiate a RNA nucleotide from a DNA nucleotide ?
A. uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine B. phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, uracil
C. phosphate, ribose sugar, uracil, guanine, thymine D. phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, adenine, uracil, guanine
5. Which of the following is an example of the modification of behaviour as the result of experience ?
A. migration B. conditioned C. reproductive D. communication
6. The set of phyla which consists of protostomes only is A. porifera and cnidaria.
B. porifera, annelida and nematoda. C. annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. D. cnidaria, chordata and echinodermata.
7. The possession of a prehensile tail and widely separated nostrils is a feature of a
A. tarsier. B. gibbon. C. sacred langur. D. spider monkey.
8. Which of the following is true of an angiosperm’s gamete ? A. independent from the sporophyte
B. visible to the naked eye C. motile male gamete D. microscopic
9. Which of the following statements about the evaluation of evidences of evolution is
correct ?
A. Human embryos do not have gill slits.
10. Transduction in bacteria would result in the new host having
A. a gene with more than two alleles. B. genetic recombination.
C. sex-linked genes. D. epistasis.
11. Anabaena differs from Spirogyra in that Anabaena has
A. pyrenoids. B. heterocyst. C. spiral leucoplast. D. cytoplasmic strands.
12. Which pair of organism and structure is correctly matched ? A. planaria – cilia
B. sponges – pedicellariae C. starfish – nematocyst D. crab – malpighian tubule
13. Which of the following statements about the primitive atmosphere is false ?
A. It had heterotrophs that can survive with organic molecules and without oxygen. B. It was the atmosphere of the earth before living things first appeared.
C. It was a reducing atmosphere.
D. It allowed chemical reactions to form inorganic molecules which become dissolved in seas.
14. Ulothrix and Chlamydomonas are green algae. The structural difference between Ulothrix
and Chlamydomonas is that Ulothrix has a
A. colonial body form, jelly-like material and cup shape chloroplast. B. leaf-like body form, holdfast and oval shape chloroplast.
C. multicellular body form, holdfast and oval shape chloroplast. D. filamentous body form, holdfast and girdle shape chloroplast.
15. Which of the following statements about cnidarians is correct ? A. All showed polymorphism.
B. Hydrozoans lack the polyp stage. C. Anthozoans lack the medusa stage.
16. If I represents the circadian rhythm response of a bean plant’s sleep movements under constant laboratory conditions and II represents the hormone controlling this response, then
I and II are respectively called
I II
A. kineses indoleacetic acid
B. diurnal gibberellin
C. exogenous ethylene gas
D. endogenous phytochrome
17. The most numerous and widespread of all animal phyla is characterised by all of the following features except
A. segmentation. B. exoskeleton. C. a mantle.
D. jointed appendages.
18. In the Lac Operon Model, the promoter gene
A. binds to the repressor protein.
B. specifies the number and sequence of amino acids. C. orientates RNA – polymerase in the correct direction.
D. orientates the restriction enzyme to cut the “sticky ends” in the correct direction.
19. When a plant reduces competition from other species by producing chemicals that inhibit growth, this is known as
A. mimicry. B. allelopathy. C. commensalism. D. niche differentiation.
20. Which of the following features is common to animals of bilateral symmetry ? A. development of a true coelom
B. ability to sense equally in all directions
SECTION B
[60 marks]The six questions in this section are all compulsory. Each question is worth 10 marks.
QUESTION 1 (10 marks)
(a) Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow.
Proteins are the products of DNA (genes). A protein is a functional unit of one
or more polypeptide chains folded into a characteristic shape. Proteins
document the hereditary background of an organism. If the evolutionary view
of life is valid, we should be able to extend this concept of “molecular genealogy” to relationships between species.
Source: Biology, 6thEdition, Campell and Reece, 2002.
(i) List two functions of proteins in the human body. (1 mark)
(ii) What determines the folding of polypeptide chains in the characteristic
secondary structure of proteins ? (1 mark)
(iii) Suggest an explanation for the evolutionary view of molecular genealogy
to relationships between species. (1½ marks)
(iv) Explain the significance of mitosis occurring immediately after DNA
replication. (1 mark)
(b) Describe DNA replication in five simple steps. (2½ marks)
(c) In a population of 800, approximately 16% of persons have ear lobes attached to the side of the face (recessive phenotype).
(i) Calculate the frequency of the dominant allele. (1 mark)
(ii) What is the likelihood of an individual carrying a recessive allele ? (1 mark)
QUESTION 2 (10 marks)
(a) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Using no more than two words, describe the type of hyphae shown by
Rhizopus. (½ mark)
(ii) Name the structures labelled A, B and C. (1½ marks)
(iii) What processes are occurring at I and II ? (1 mark)
(iv) What is the significance of structure B ? (1 mark)
(v) How does a Rhizopus obtain its food ? (1 mark)
(vi) How does mitosis in fungi differ from that in plants ? (1 mark)
(b) Describe two differences between a plant and a blue-green algae. (2 marks)
(c) Using as examples a sponge and a land snail, describe a difference in their :
(i) gut type.
(ii) body wall. (2 marks)
Rhizophus Life Cycle
A B
C
Source : Essentials of Biology, Hopson & Wessells, 1990.
I
SECTION B (continued)
QUESTION 3 (10 marks)
(a) Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
Paleoanthropologist, David Lordkipanidze, and his team from the Georgian
National Museum in Tbilsi has revised for the third time their textbook vision of
Homo erectus. Fossils (leg-bones) found in Dmanisi placed at 1.8 million years
old showed that Homo erectus are the earliest members of the human family
known outside Africa as they managed to trek all the way across Africa and the
Middle East.
Adapted from : Science Magazine, Vol. 323, Feb, 2009.
(i) Describe two important features of the culture of Homo erectus that
allowed them to spread widely. (Exclude tools and clothes.) (2 marks)
(ii) Based on the above extract, what is the attitude of Lordkipanidze and his
team ? Explain your answer. (1 mark)
(iii) State two difficultiesLordkipanidze and his team would encounter,
concerning their conclusions about the fossils. (2 marks)
(iv) Name the tool-type associated with Homo erectus. (½ mark)
(b) Explain the significance of each of the following features to the primates arboreal life.
(i) Long arm
(ii) Opposable thumb
(iii) Freely rotating humerus in the shoulder joint (1½ marks)
(c) What is meant by the term adaptive radiation ? (1 mark)
(d) Using as examples a human being and an ape, describe the difference in their :
(i) backbone.
QUESTION 4 (10 marks)
(a) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the structures labelled A and B. (1 mark)
(ii) What life cycle is shown by the plant ? (½ mark)
(iii) Describe the body form of structure A and state its significance. (1½ marks)
(iv) Which structure of the moss is responsible for :
I. the gradual release of spores ?
II. the drawing of nutrients from the gametophyte ? (1 mark) Moss Life Cycle
Parent Gametophytes
Airborne Spores
Germinating Spore
Bud In Water
A B
SECTION B (continued)
(b) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the structures labelled L and M. (1 mark)
(ii) Identify process N. (½ mark)
(iii) Compare the fertilization process in a gymnosperm as shown above to
that of an angiosperm. (2 marks)
(c) Viruses are minute particles, made of core nucleic acid inside the protein coat.
(i) Explain why the ability of the virus to change its protein coat makes it
difficult to develop a vaccine against the AIDS virus. (1 mark)
(ii) Suggest a reason why scientists are spending a lot of time, money and effort on researching methods to destroy viruses.
(Exclude change of protein coat.) (½ mark)
(iii) State one reason why the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus contradicts
the Central Dogma Theory of protein synthesis. (1 mark)
Gymnosperm Life Cycle Ovulate Cone
(Female)
Ovulate Scale Bract
Micropyle
Pollen Cone (Male)
Mature Sporophyte (2n)
Speeding Sporophyte (2n)
Seed Embryo Pollen Tube
Ovule
Source : Essentials of Biology, Hopson & Wessells, 1990.
L
N
M
QUESTION 5 (10 marks)
(a) (i) Name the class to which tapeworms belong. (½ mark)
(ii) Briefly describe three adaptive features of tapeworms and their
significances that enable these organisms to live inside their hosts. (3 marks)
(iii) Tapeworms are hermaphrodites. What is the advantage of being a
hermaphrodite ? (1 mark)
(b) The questions that follow are related to the description of a type of speciation given below.
A species of fish in a lake may be separated into a number of populations by physical factors.
Source : Essentials of Biology, Robert Smith, 2001.
(i) Name a physical factor. (½ mark)
(ii) Name the type of speciation described above. (½ mark)
(iii) State two ways by which prezygotic isolation prevents interbreeding
between members of different species of fish. (1 mark)
(c) “A mongoose is a deuterostome.”
Explain this statement. (2 marks)
(d) Suggest three reasons for the success of protozoans. (1½ marks)
QUESTION 6 (10 marks)
(a) Read the information below and answer the questions that follow.
Top climate scientists say that sea levels could rise twice as much as previously projected……..
Source : The Fiji Times, March, 2009.
(i) Define the term greenhouse effect. (1 mark)
(ii) Suggest three impacts of the above article to Kiribati which is six meters
SECTION B (continued)
(b) Honey bees exist as highly organised societies.
(i) State the two common features that members of the same society would
share. (1 mark)
(ii) Explain two values of pheromones to the honey bees of the same hive. (2 marks)
(iii) List three roles performed by the workers in the beehive’s division of
labour. (1½ marks)
(iv) State the importance of the hierarchy system in a beehive society. (1 mark)
(c) Name the biological behaviour represented by each of the following examples :
(i) A Viceroy butterfly copies the colouration of a poisonous Monarch butterfly.
(ii) A female accepts a male, sealing the pairing of two individuals.
(iii) Toads make their way back every breeding season to the same pond in which they hatched.
SECTION C
[20 marks]The two essay questions in this section are both compulsory. Note the choices in each question.
In this section, you are given the opportunity to show that you can : 1. select facts and ideas relevant to the topic,
2. use appropriate examples and
3. communicate information clearly and logically.
QUESTION 1 SHORT ESSAY (5 marks)
Write an essay of about 100 – 150 words on any one of the options (a) – (d) given below.
(a) Define the term natural selection. Describe the three ways it can operate on a population and state which one of the three ways will alter genetic equilibrium over time.
(b) Define the term gene pool. Describe four conditions that maintain genetic equilibrium.
(c) Define the term division of labour. Describe division of labour in an earthworm.
(d) Define the term cultural evolution. Describe four differences between cultural evolution and biological evolution.
QUESTION 2 LONG ESSAY (15 marks)
Write an essay of about 250 – 300 words on any one of the options (a) – (d) given below.
(a) Define the term variation. Discuss the following processes as contributors to variation : (i) gene and chromosomal mutation types.
(ii) non-disjunction of chromosomes in meiosis.
SECTION C (continued)
(b) “The gas exchange system and circulatory system of an organism are responsible for delivering oxygen to the body cells.”
Discuss this statement using the following organisms :
(i) an insect to describe its gas exchange system.
(ii) a fish and a mammal to compare their circulatory and gas exchange systems.
In your discussion, include any limitation(s) or advantage(s) that each gas exchange and circulatory systems offers to the organisms mentioned above.
(c) Define the term biodiversity. Describe commercial farming and pastoral farming in terms of :
(i) their respective impacts on the environment.
(ii) the steps that could be taken by farmers to reduce their impacts on the environment.
(d) Define the term endothermic animals. Explain : (i) the differences between the types of mammals.
(ii) the features that make mammals more successful than their reptilian ancestors.
