DSM-5 STUDY GUIDE ANXIETY DISORDERS
Excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances
Fear – emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat (e.g. arousal for fight or flight, thoughts of immediate danger, escape behaviors)
Anxiety – anticipation of future threat (e.g. muscle tension, vigilance, cautious or avoidant behaviors)
Panic attack – particular type of fear response prominent within anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are best differentiated by the types of situations feared or avoided and content of associated thoughts or beliefs
Transient fear or anxiety (often stress-induced and temporary) vs. Anxiety disorder (persistent, usually 6 months or more)
Fear or anxiety is excessive or out of proportion Sex Ratio: Female-Male: 2:1
Panic attacks (may be expected – response to typically feared object or situation; unexpected – occurs for no apparent reason)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder – persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about various domains which are difficult to control in addition to physical symptoms such as restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbance
Panic Disorder – recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistently worried of having more panic attacks which may cause maladaptive behaviors
Agoraphobia – fear and anxiety of “unsafe” situations (e.g. public
transportation, open spaces, enclosed places, standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside home alone) where panic-like symptoms may occur and help or escape is unlikely
Specific Phobia – fear, anxiety or avoidance of circumscribed objects or situations that is out of proportion to actual risk (subtypes: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational, other)
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) – fear, anxiety or avoidance of social interactions and situations where scrutiny is possible in addition to cognitive ideation of being negatively evaluated or offending others
Separation Anxiety Disorder – fear or anxiety about developmentally inappropriate separation from attachment figures; nightmares and physical symptoms may be present
Selective Mutism – consistent failure to speak in social situations even though individual speaks in other situations which leads to significant consequences on achievement or interferes social communication (usually diagnosed in addition to social anxiety disorder)
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder – anxiety due to substance intoxication or withdrawal or exposure to a medication treatment Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – anxiety symptoms
are direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition Other Specified Anxiety Disorder – anxiety-like symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. limited symptom attacks, generalized anxiety not occurring more days than not)
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder - anxiety-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings)
TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS
Psychological distress following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is a required criteria
Most prominent characteristics are anhedonic and dysphoric symptoms, aggressive symptoms or dissociative symptoms
Generally more common in females
Conditions associated with social neglect (inadequate care during childhood): cognitive delays, language delays, developmental delays, stereotypies, reactive attachment, disinhibited social engagement, malnutrition or poor care
Reactive Attachment Disorder – expressed with depressive symptoms and withdrawn behavior and compromised emotional regulation capacity which are caused by serious social neglect
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder – marked by culturally
inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers which is caused by serious social neglect
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder – development of varying characteristics symptoms (e.g. fear-based emotional and behavioral, anhedonic or dysphoric mood and negative cognitions, arousal and reactive-externalizing) following exposure to one or more traumatic events
Acute Stress Disorder – PTSD symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to the traumatic event/s
Adjustment Disorders – presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor; may be single/multiple,
recurrent/continuous
Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor Related Disorder – trauma- and stressor-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (ex. Persistent complex bereavement disorder, adjustment-like disorders with delayed onset of symptoms that occur more than 3 months after the stressor, ataque de nervios) Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor Related Disorder – trauma- and
stressor-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet full criteria and clinician chooses not to specify the reason and there is insufficient information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g.
emergency room settings)
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Presence of obsessions (e.g. recurrent and persistent, intrusive thoughts, urges or images) and compulsions (e.g. repetitive behaviors or mental acts driven in response to obsessions)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – repetitive and persistent, time-consuming intrusive obsessions (which individual attempts to ignore or suppress) by means of compulsions; common dimensions: cleaning, symmetry, forbidden thoughts (sex/aggression/religion) and harm
Body Dysmorphic Disorder – cognitive symptom related to perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance and repetitive behaviors or mental acts in
response to appearance concerns
Hoarding Disorder – cognitive symptom related to perceived need to save possessions
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) – recurrent and repetitive hair-pulling behaviors resulting in hair loss and repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair-pulling
Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder) – recurrent and repetitive skin-picking behaviors resulting in skin lesions and repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin-picking
Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder – obsessive-compulsive symptoms due to substance
intoxication/withdrawal or to a medication
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms that are direct
pathophysiological consequence of medical disorder
Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder – obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or
impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. body-focused repetitive disorder, obsessional jealousy)
Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder – obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or
impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings)
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS
Emphasis on the distressing (positive) somatic symptoms plus abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviors in response to them
Commonly encountered in primary care and other medical settings than mental health settings
Highly comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders and medical disorders Somatic Symptom Disorder – multiple, current, somatic symptoms (e.g.
cognitive: attention, worry and fear; behavioral: repeated check-up) that cause clinically significant distress or impairment and may or may not be medically explained
Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) – enduring preoccupation of having or acquiring serious illness and extensive worries about one’s health (illness becomes part of identity) but no or minimal somatic symptoms
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) – neurological symptoms (loss of function) are found but incompatible with neurological pathophysiology
Factitious Disorder – falsification and presentation of symptoms, injury or disease to others, assuming a “sick role” and in the absence of obvious external rewards
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions – one or more clinically significant psychological or behavioral factors that adversely affects medical condition by increasing risk for suffering, death or disability
Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder - somatic-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. brief somatic symptom disorder, brief illness anxiety disorder, pseudocyesis)
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder - somatic -like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g.
emergency room settings) DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Disruption and/or discontinuity in normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control and behavior Positive dissociated symptoms: fragmentation of identity, depersonalization and
derealization; Negative dissociated symptoms: amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder – persistent depersonalization (unreality or detachment from oneself) and/or derealization (unreality or detachment from one’s surroundings) accompanied by intact reality testing Dissociative Amnesia – inability to recall autobiographical information which
may be generalized (identity and life history), localized (event or period of time) or selective (specific aspect of event) and may or may not involve dissociative fugue (purposeful travel or wandering)
Dissociative Identity Disorder – presence of two or more distinct personality states (or experience of possession) and recurrent episodes of amnesia
Other Specified Dissociative Disorder - dissociative-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. dissociative trance, acute dissociative reactions to stressful events)
Unspecified Dissociative Disorder - dissociative-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings) DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Presence of sad, empty or irritable mood accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes significantly affecting one’s capacity to function
In grief, the predominant affect is feelings of emptiness and loss, in major depressive episode it is persistent depressed mood and inability to anticipate happiness or pleasure
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder – chronic, severe persistent (non-episodic) irritability through frequent verbal and/or behavioral temper outbursts in response to frustration and persistent irritable or angry mood between the outbursts
Major Depressive Disorder – persistent depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure nearly most of the day every day for at least two weeks (plus 4 more symptoms)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) – depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years (plus 2 more symptoms)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder – mood lability, irritability, dysphoria and anxiety symptoms accompanied by behavioral and physical symptoms that occur repeatedly during premenstrual phase and remit around onset of menses or shortly thereafter
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder – prominent and persistent depressed mood and/or anhedonia that developed during or soon after intoxication, withdrawal or exposure to substance/medication which is capable of producing said symptoms
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – prominent and persistent depressed and/or anhedonia that is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition
Other Specified Depressive Disorder – presentations of depressed mood with clinically significant impairment that do not meet criteria for duration or severity (e.g. recurrent brief depression, short-duration depressive episode (4-13 days), depressive episode with insufficient symptoms)
Unspecified Depressive Disorder – presentations of depressed mood with clinically significant impairment that do not meet full criteria and clinician does not wish to specify the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
Specifiers: With anxious distress, With mixed features, With melancholic features, With atypical features, With psychotic features, With catatonia, With peripartum onset, With seasonal pattern; In partial remission, In full remission; Severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS
Manic episode: abnormal, persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormal, persistent increased goal-directed activity or energy most of the day, nearly every day for at least one week (any duration if hospitalized) plus 3 additional symptoms
Hypomanic episode: abnormal, persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormal, persistent increased goal-directed activity or energy most of the day, nearly every day for at least 4 days plus 3 additional symptoms
Major depressive episode: depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure and 4 additional symptoms most of the day, nearly every day for at least 2 weeks Highly comorbid with anxiety disorders (75%)
Bipolar I Disorder – at least one lifetime manic episode (hypomanic episode or major depressive episode may occur but not required)
Bipolar II Disorder – at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, never been a manic episode
Cyclothymic Disorder – numerous distinct sub-criteria periods with hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms present at least half the time for at least 2 years (has not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time)
Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder – prominent and persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and/or depressed mood or anhedonia that developed during or soon after intoxication, withdrawal or
exposure to substance/medication which is capable of producing said symptoms Known Substances/Medications: Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic; Amphetamine
(or other stimulant); Cocaine
Exceptions: Case of hypomania/mania that occurs after and persists beyond physiological effects of antidepressant medication or treatment (such as ECT) Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition –
prominent and persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and increased activity or energy that are the direct pathophysiological consequences of another medical condition (e.g. Cushing’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury)
Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder – bipolar-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. short-duration hypomanic episodes (2-3 days) and major depressive episodes, hypomanic episode without prior major depressive episode, short-duration cyclothymia)
Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder – bipolar-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to
insufficient information
Specifiers – With anxious distress, With mixed features, With rapid cycling, With melancholic features, With atypical features, With psychotic features, With catatonia, With peripartum onset, With seasonal pattern; In partial remission, In full remission; Mild, Moderate, Severe
SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS Abnormalities in at least one of the following domains:
Delusions: fixed beliefs not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence; may be persecutory, referential, grandiose, erotomanic, nihilistic, somatic or bizarre
Hallucinations: involuntary vivid and clear perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus and in the context of clear sensorium Disorganized thinking (formal thought disorder): inferred from one’s speech
such as in derailment or loose association (switching of topics), tangentiality (unrelated answers), incoherence (word salad)
Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia): ranges from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation; catatonia is marked decrease in reactivity to environment
Negative symptoms: diminished emotional expression, avolition (reduced drive to pursue goal-directed behavior), alogia (diminished speech output), anhedonia (decreased ability to experience pleasure), asociality (apparent lack of interest in social interactions)
Highly comorbid with substance use and anxiety disorders
Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder – pervasive pattern of social and
interpersonal deficits, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
Delusional Disorder – at least 1 month of delusion(s) but no other prominent psychotic symptoms
Brief Psychotic Disorder – at least 1 day but less than 1 month sudden onset of at least one positive psychotic symptom: delusions, hallucinations or
disorganized speech; may or may not be accompanied by grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Schizophreniform Disorder – symptomatic presentation equivalent to
schizophrenia but less than 6 months duration (more than 1 month) and decline in functioning not required
Schizophrenia – presence of primary psychotic symptoms for a continuous period of at least 6 months accompanied by marked decline in functioning wherein an active phase occurred for at least 1 month for a significant portion of time (2 or more symptoms)
Schizoaffective Disorder – presence of both prominent mood episode (major depressive or manic) and active-phase symptoms preceded or followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms; decline in functioning not required
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder – delusions and/or hallucinations that developed during or soon after intoxication, withdrawal or exposure to substance/medication which is capable of producing said symptoms Known Substances/Medications: Alcohol; Cannabis; Phencyclidine; Other
hallucinogen; Inhalant; Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic; Amphetamine (or other stimulant); Cocaine
Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – prominent delusions or hallucinations are direct physiological consequence of another medical condition
Known Medical Conditions: neurological conditions (neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, Huntington’s, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, auditory or visual nerve injury, deafness, migraine, CNS infections); endocrine conditions
(hyper-/hypothyroidism, hyper-hypoadrenocorticism); metabolic conditions (hypoxia, hypercarbia, hypoglycemia); fluid or electrolyte imbalances; hepatic or renal diseases and autoimmune disorders with CNS involvement (lupus)
Catatonia: presence of 3 or more of 12 psychomotor features; essential feature is marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve decreased motor activity, decreased engagement during assessment, or excessive and peculiar motor activity
Stupor: no psychomotor activity, not actively relating to environment Catalepsy: passive induction of a posture held against gravity
Waxy flexibility: slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner Mutism: no, or very little, verbal response (exclude if known aphasia) Negativism: opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli
Posturing: spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity Mannerism: odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions
Stereotypy: repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements Agitation: (not influenced by external stimuli)
Grimacing
Echolalia: mimicking another’s speech
Echopraxia: mimicking another’s movement
Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder (Catatonia
Specifier) – presence of 3 or more catatonic psychomotor features during the course of a neurodevelopmental, psychotic, bipolar, depressive or other mental disorder
Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – presence of 3 or more catatonic psychomotor features that are direct physiological consequence of another medical condition
Known Medical Conditions: neurological conditions (neoplasms, head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis) and metabolic conditions (hypercalcemia, hepatic encephalopathy, homocystinuria, diabetic ketoacidosis)
Unspecified Catatonia – catatonia-like symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment but nature of underling mental disorder or other medical condition is unclear, or full criteria are not met, or insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis
Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. persistent auditory hallucinations, attenuated psychosis syndrome, delusional symptoms in partner of individual with delusional disorder)
Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Shared criteria: Pervasive pattern of emotions, cognitions and behaviors + begins by early adulthood (or adolescence) + present in a variety of contexts + does not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder + not attributable to another medical condition
General Personality Disorder – enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of one’s culture in at least 2 ways (cognitive, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control)
Paranoid Personality Disorder – distrust and suspiciousness of others without any justification (indicated by 4 symptoms)
Schizoid Personality Disorder – detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings (indicated by 4 symptoms)
Schizotypal Personality Disorder – social and interpersonal deficits and cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior (indicated by 4 symptoms)
Antisocial Personality Disorder – disregard for and violation of the rights of others (indicated by 3 symptoms)
Borderline Personality Disorder – instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects and marked impulsivity (indicated by 5 symptoms) Histrionic Personality Disorder – excessive emotionality and attention
seeking (indicated by 5 symptoms)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder – grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy (indicated by 5 symptoms)
Avoidant Personality Disorder – social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation (indicated by 4 symptoms)
Dependent Personality Disorder – excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation (indicated by 5 symptoms)
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder – preoccupation with
orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency (indicated by 4 symptoms)
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition – persistent personality disturbance due to the direct physiological effects of a medical condition (e.g. frontal lobe lesion)
Other Specified Personality Disorder / Unspecified Personality Disorder – (1) personality pattern meets the general criteria for personality disorder, and traits of several different personality disorders are present, but criteria for any specific personality disorder are not met; or (2) personality pattern meets general criteria but considered to have a personality disorder not included in DSM-5 classification (e.g. passive-aggressive personality disorder)
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning
Disorders differ substantially in clinical course, outcome and treatment needs Obesity is not included as mental disorder but associated with several mental
disorders such as binge-eating disorder, depressive and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
Pica – persistent eating of one or more nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month
Rumination Disorder – repeated regurgitation of food occurring after feeding or eating over a period of at least 1 month
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder – avoidance or restriction of food intake with no excessive concern about body weight or shape
Anorexia Nervosa – persistent energy intake restriction, intense fear of
gaining weight or becoming fat / persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain and disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape (restricting type or binge-eating/purging type)
Bulimia Nervosa – recurrent episodes of binge eating, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain and self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight
Binge-Eating Disorder – recurrent episodes of binge eating without recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and
clinician specifies the reason (e.g. atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration, purging disorder, night eating syndrome) Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder – related symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to
insufficient information Elimination Disorders
Nocturnal: Nighttime sleep; Diurnal: Waking hours
Enuresis – repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether involuntary or intentional (2x a week for 3 months, at least 5 years of age)
Encopresis – repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, whether involuntary or intentional (once a month for 3 months, at least 4 years of age) Other Specified Elimination Disorder – related symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. low-frequency enuresis)
Unspecified Elimination Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
Sleep and Wake Disorders
Sleep-wake complaints of dissatisfaction regarding quality, timing and amount of sleep
Parasomnias: abnormal behavior, experiential or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages or sleep-wake transitions
Insomnia Disorder – difficulty initiating sleep (sleep-onset/initial insomnia), difficulty maintaining sleep (sleep maintenance/middle insomnia) and/or early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep (late insomnia) (3x a week for 3 months)
Hypersomnolence Disorder – self-reported excessive sleepiness despite main sleep period of at least 7 hours (3x a week for 3 months)
Narcolepsy – recurrent daytime naps or lapses into sleep, may be
accompanied by cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency or REM sleep latency less than or equal to 15 min (3x a week for 3 months)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea – polysomnographic evidence of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep accompanied by either nocturnal breathing disturbances or daytime sleepiness, fatigue or unrefreshing sleep
Central Sleep Apnea – polysomnographic evidence of at least 5 central apneas per hour of sleep
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation – polysomnographic evidence of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders – persistent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders – recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep (sleepwalking or sleep terrors)
Nightmare Disorder – extended, extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams involving efforts to avoid threats to survival, security or physical
integrity
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder – repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors
Restless Legs Syndrome – urge to move the legs (or arms) begins or worsens during periods of rest or inactivity, is partially or totally relieved by movement and is worse in the evening than during the day or occurs only in the evening Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder – prominent and severe
sleep disturbance during or soon after substance intoxication/withdrawal or exposure to medication capable of producing said symptoms
Other Specified Insomnia Disorder – insomnia-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. brief insomnia disorder, restricted to
nonrestorative sleep)
Unspecified Insomnia Disorder
Other Specified Hypersomnolence Disorder – hypersomnolence-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. brief-duration
hypersomnolence)
Unspecified Hypersomnolence Disorder
Other Specified Sleep-Wake Disorder – related sleep-wale symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. repeated arousals during REM sleep without polysomnography)
Unspecified Sleep-Wake Disorder Sexual Dysfunctions
Clinically significant disturbance in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure for a duration of at least 6 months
Lifelong: sexual problem that has been present from first sexual experiences / Acquired: sexual disorders that develop after a period of relatively normal sexual function
Generalized: sexual difficulties that are not limited to certain types of
stimulation, situations or partners / Situational: sexual difficulties that only occur with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners
Delayed Ejaculation – marked delay in or inability to achieve ejaculation despite adequate sexual stimulation and desire to ejaculate during partnered sexual activities
Erectile Disorder – repeated failure to obtain or maintain erections during partnered sexual activities
Female Orgasmic Disorder – difficulty experiencing orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder – lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest/arousal
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder – difficulty having intercourse, genitor-pelvic pain, fear of pain or vaginal penetration, or tension of the pelvic floor muscles
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder – persistent deficient or absent sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity
Premature (Early) Ejaculation – persistent ejaculation during partnered sexual activity within approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before individual wishes it
Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction – clinically significant sexual disturbance during or soon after substance intoxication/withdrawal or exposure to medication capable of producing said symptoms
Other Specified Sexual Dysfunction – related sexual disturbance that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. sexual aversion)
Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction – related sexual disturbance that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to
insufficient information
Gender Dysphoria
Sex: biological indicators of male and female, such as in sex chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones and nonambiguous internal and external genitalia Gender: lived role in society and/or the identification as male or female could
not be uniformly associated with or predicted from the biological indicators Gender assignment: initial assignment as male or female, occurs usually at birth
(natal gender)
Gender-atypical / Gender-nonconforming: somatic features or behaviors that are not typical of individuals with the same assigned gender in a given society and historical era
Gender reassignment: official and legal change of gender
Gender identity: category of social identity and refers to an individual’s identification as male, female or some category other than male or female Gender dysphoria: general term for individual’s affective/cognitive discontent
with the assigned gender
Transgender: broad spectrum of individuals who transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from their natal gender
Transsexual: individual who seeks, or has undergone, a social transition from male to female (or vice-versa) which usually involves cross-sex hormone treatment and genital surgery
Gender Dysphoria – clinically significant distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender (at least 6 symptoms in children, 2 symptoms in adolescents and adults for at least 6 months)
Other Specified Gender Dysphoria – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. brief gender dysphoria
Unspecified Gender Dysphoria – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician
does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
Paraphilic Disorders
Selected for specific listing and assignment of diagnostic criteria because they are relatively common and some are classed as criminal offenses due to their noxiousness and potential harm to others
Paraphilia: any intense and persistent sexual interest other than in genital stimulation
Anomalous Activity Preferences: sexual interest in activities that equals or exceeds one’s interest in copulation or equivalent interaction with another person
Courtship disorders: resemble distorted components of human courtship behavior / Algolagnic disorders: involve pain and suffering
Anomalous Target Preferences: sexual interest in children, corpses or amputees or in nonhuman animals, such as horses or dogs or in inanimate objects
Paraphilic disorder: paraphilia that causes distress or impairment to individual or paraphilia whose satisfaction entails personal harm, or risk of harm, to others Shared criteria: Recurrent and intense sexual arousal + as manifested by
fantasies, urges or behaviors + acting on these sexual urges with a
nonconsenting person or related clinically significant distress or impairment + over the period of at least 6 months
Voyeuristic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing or engaging in sexual activity
Exhibitionistic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person
Frotteuristic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person
Sexual Masochism Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound or otherwise made to suffer (specifier: with asphyxiophilia)
Sexual Sadism Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person
Pedophilic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally 13 years or younger) (must be at least age 16 years and at least 5 years older than the child)
Fetishistic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either use of nonliving objects or highly specific focus on nongenital body part/s
Tranvestic Disorder – recurrent and intense sexual arousal from crossdressing Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder – paraphilic symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. telephone scatologia, necrophilia, zoophilia, coprophilia, urophilia)
Unspecified Paraphilic Disorder – paraphilic symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
Conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors that violate the rights of others and/or bring into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures
Tend to have first onset in childhood or adolescence
Oppositional Defiant Disorder – persistent pattern of 4 symptoms of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness (1x a week for 6 months)
Intermittent Explosive Disorder – recurrent impulsive or anger-based
behavioral outbursts representing failure to control aggressive impulses (either verbal/physical aggression occurring 2x a week for 3 months; or 3 damage of property or physical assault within 12 months)
Conduct Disorder – persistent pattern of behavior in which basic rights of others or societal norms or rules are violated (3 symptoms of aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, serious violation of rules in the past 12 months)
Antisocial Personality Disorder – pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (indicated by 3 symptoms)
Pyromania – deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion accompanied by pleasure, gratification or relief when setting fires or when witnessing or participating in their aftermath
Kleptomania – recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value accompanied by pleasure, gratification or relief at the time of committing the theft
Other Specified Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. recurrent behavioral outbursts of insufficient frequency)
Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorder – related symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems
Drugs taken in excess have direct activation of the brain reward system, typically producing feelings of pleasure often referred to as “high”
Also includes gambling disorder
Two main groups: Substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders Craving: intense desire or urge for the drug that may occur at any time but is
more likely when in an environment where the drug previously was obtained or used
Tolerance: requiring a markedly increased dose of the substance to achieve the desired effect or a markedly reduced effect when usual dose is consumed
Withdrawal: syndrome that occurs when blood or tissue concentrations of a substance decline in an individual who had maintained prolonged heavy use of the substance
Substance intoxication : development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion of a substance (does not apply to tobacco) Substance withdrawal : development of a substance-specific problematic
behavioral change due to the cessation or reduction in heavy and prolonged substance use
Shared criteria : impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Substance/Medication-Induced Mental Disorder – clinically significant mental disturbance during or soon after substance intoxication/withdrawal or exposure to medication capable of producing said symptoms as evidenced from history, physical examination or lab findings
Alcohol Use Disorder – problematic pattern of alcohol use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Alcohol Intoxication – (at least 1 during or shortly after) slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, attention and memory impairment, stupor or coma
Alcohol Withdrawal – (at least 2 within several hours to few days) autonomic hyperactivity, increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient hallucinations or illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety or generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Other Alcohol-Induced Disorders – ex. Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder / bipolar disorder / depressive disorder / anxiety disorder / sleep disorder / sexual dysfunction / neurocognitive disorder
Unspecified Alcohol-Related Disorder –
Caffeine Intoxication – excess of 250mg caffeine consumption resulting in (at least 5 during or shortly after) restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, GIT disturbance, muscle twitching, rambling flow of
thought or speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, inexhaustibility or psychomotor agitation
Caffeine Withdrawal – (at least 3 within 24 hours) headache, marked fatigue or drowsiness, dysphoric mood/ depressed mood/irritability, difficulty
concentrating, flu-like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, or muscle pain/stiffness) Other Caffeine-Induced Disorders - e.g. caffeine-induced anxiety disorder /
sleep disorder
Unspecified Caffeine-Related Disorder –
Cannabis Use Disorder – problematic pattern of cannabis use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Cannabis Intoxication – (at least 2 within 2 hours) conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia
Cannabis Withdrawal – (at least 3 within 1 week) irritability/anger/aggression, nervousness/anxiety, sleep difficulty, decreased appetite/weight loss,
restlessness, depressed mood, physical symptoms (abdominal pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, headache)
Other Cannabis-Induced Disorders – e.g. cannabis-induced psychotic disorder / anxiety disorder / sleep disorder
Phencyclidine Use Disorder – problematic pattern of phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder – problematic pattern of hallucinogen (MDMA, ecstasy, LSD, DMT) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria Phencyclidine Intoxication – (at least 2 within 1 hour) vertical or horizontal
nystagmus, hypertension or tachycardia, numbness or diminished
responsiveness to pain, ataxia, dysarthria, muscle rigidity, seizures or coma, hyperacusis
Other Hallucinogen Intoxication – (at least 2 during or shortly after)
pupillary dilation, tachycardia, sweating, palpitations, blurring of vision, tremors, incoordination
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder – reexperiencing of one or more perceptual symptoms experienced while intoxicated with hallucinogen (LSD) following cessation
Other Phencyclidine-Induced Disorders – ex. Phencyclidine-induced psychotic disorder / bipolar disorder / depressive disorder / anxiety disorder Other Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders – ex. Hallucinogen-induced psychotic
disorder / bipolar disorder / depressive disorder/ anxiety disorder Unspecified Phencyclidine-Related Disorder –
Unspecified Hallucinogen-Related Disorder –
Inhalant Use Disorder – problematic pattern of hydrocarbon-based inhalant (glues, fuels, paints) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Inhalant Intoxication – (at least 2 during or shortly after) dizziness,
nystagmus, incoordination, slurred speech, unsteady gait, lethargy, depressed reflexes, psychomotor retardation, tremor, generalized muscle weakness, blurred vision or diplopia, stupor or coma, euphoria
Other Inhalant-Induced Disorders – ex. Inhalant-induced psychotic disorder / depressive disorder / anxiety disorder / neurocognitive disorder
Unspecified Inhalant-Related Disorder –
Opioid Use Disorder – problematic pattern of opioid (heroin, morphine,
codeine, oxycodone, propoxyphene) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria Opioid Intoxication – papillary constriction and (at least 1 during or shortly
after) drowsiness or coma, slurred speech, impairment in attention or memory Opioid Withdrawal – (at least 3 within minutes to several days) dysphoric
mood, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation or rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation/piloerection/sweating, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia
Other Opioid-Induced Disorders – ex. Opioid-induced depressive disorder / anxiety disorder / sleep disorder / sexual dysfunction
Unspecified Opioid-Related Disorder –
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Use Disorder – problematic pattern of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic (benzodiazepine, carbamate, barbiturate) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Intoxication – (at least 1 during or shortly after) slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, cognition
impairment, stupor or coma
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Withdrawal – (at least 2 within several hours to few days) autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient hallucinations or illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, grand mal seizures
Other Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders – ex.
Sedative-, hypnotic- or anxiolytic-induced psychotic disorder / bipolar disorder / depressive disorder/ anxiety disorder / sleep disorder / sexual dysfunction / neurocognitive disorder
Unspecified Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder – Stimulant Use Disorder – problematic pattern of stimulant (amphetamine,
metamphetamine cocaine) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria Stimulant Intoxication – (at least 2 during or shortly after) tachycardia or
bradycardia, pupillary dilation, elevated or lowered blood pressure, perspiration or chills, nausea or vomiting, evidence of weight loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, muscular weakness/respiratory depression/chest pain/cardiac arrhythmias, confusion/seizures/dyskinesias/dystonias/coma
Stimulant Withdrawal – dysphoric mood and (at least 2 within few hours to several days) fatigue, vivid unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation
Other Stimulant -Induced Disorders – stimulant-induced psychotic disorder / bipolar disorder / depressive disorder / anxiety disorder / obsessive-compulsive disorder / sleep disorder / sexual dysfunction
Unspecified Stimulant-Related Disorder –
Tobacco Use Disorder – problematic pattern of tobacco (nicotine) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Tobacco Withdrawal – (at least 4 within 24 hours) irritability/frustration/anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, increased appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, insomnia
Other Tobacco-Induced Disorders – tobacco-induced sleep disorder Unspecified Tobacco Related Disorder –
Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder – problematic pattern of intoxicating substance (not able to be classified: anabolic steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cortisol) use with at least 2 symptoms within 1 year of impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria
Other (or Unknown) Substance Intoxication – development of reversible substance-specific syndrome attributable to recent ingestion or exposure to substance not listed elsewhere or unknown
Other (or Unknown) Substance Withdrawal – development of substance-specific syndrome shortly after cessation or reduction in substance use
Unspecified Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorder –
Gambling Disorder – clinically significant persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior (at least 4 in 1 year)
Group of disorders in which the primary clinical deficit is in cognitive function and that are acquired rather than developmental
Neurocognitive domains: Complex attention, Executive function, Learning and memory, Language, Perceptual-motor, Social cognition
Sustained attention: maintenance of attention over time
Selective attention: maintenance of attention despite competing stimuli and/or distracters
Divided attention: attending to two tasks within the same time period Planning: ability to find the exit to a maze
Decision making: performance of tasks that assess process of deciding in the face of competing alternatives
Working memory: ability to hold information for a brief period and to manipulate it
Feedback/error utilization: ability to benefit from feedback to infer the rules for solving a problem
Overriding habits/inhibition: ability to choose a more complex and effortful solution to be correct
Mental/cognitive flexibility: ability to shift between two concepts, tasks or response rules
Immediate memory span: ability to repeat a list of words or digits
Recent memory: assesses the process of encoding new information through free recall, cued recall and recognition memory
Expressive language: confrontational naming, fluency or phonemic
Grammar and syntax: omission or incorrect use of articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs
Receptive language: comprehension; performance of actions/activities according to verbal command
Visual perception: line bisection tasks can be used to detect basic visual defect or attentional neglect
Visuoconstructional: assembly of items required hand-eye coordination, such as drawing, copying and block assembly
Perceptual-motor: integrating perception with purposeful movement
Praxis: integrity of learned movements, such as ability to imitate gestures or pantomime use of objects to command
Gnosis: perceptual integrity of awareness and recognition, such as recognition of faces and colors
Recognition of emotions: identification of emotion in images of faces representing a variety of both positive and negative emotions
Theory of mind: ability to consider another person’s mental state (thoughts, desires, intentions) or experience
Delirium – disturbance of attention or awareness accompanied by a change in baseline cognition, that is a direct physiological consequence of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal, or toxin exposure, or
combination of these factors
Other Specified Delirium – delirium-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. attenuated delirium syndrome)
Unspecified Delirium – delirium-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information Major Neurocognitive Disorder – significant cognitive decline from a
previous level of performance in at least one neurocognitive domain which interferes with independence in everyday activities
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder – modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in at least one neurocognitive domain which does not interfere with independence in everyday activities but greater effort,
compensatory strategies or accommodating may be required
Specifiers – Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, vascular disease, traumatic brain injury, substance/medication use, HIV infection, Prion disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, another medical condition, multiple etiologies, unspecified
Due to Alzheimer’s Disease – insidious onset and gradual progression of cognitive and behavioral symptoms typically with impairment in memory and learning
Frontotemporal (Lobar Degeneration) – progressive development of behavioral and personality change and/or language impairment (behavioral disinhibition, apathy or inertia, loss of sympathy or empathy,
perseverative/stereotyped/compulsive/ritualistic behavior, hyperorality and dietary changes)
With Lewy Bodies (Disease) – core features are pronounced variations in attention and alertness, recurrent detailed visual hallucinations and
spontaneous features of Parkinsonism; suggestive features are REM sleep behavior disorder and severe neuroleptic sensitivity
Vascular (Disease) – clinical features consistent with vascular etiology as suggested by relation of onset to at least one cerebrovascular event and
prominent decline in complex attention and frontal-executive function domains Due to Traumatic Brain Injury – clinical features presented immediately after
occurrence of traumatic brain injury or immediately after recovery of
consciousness as evidenced by loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, disorientation and confusion, neurological symptoms
Substance/Medication Induced – clinically significant neurocognitive
impairment during or soon after substance intoxication/withdrawal or exposure to medication capable of producing said symptoms
Due to HIV Infection – neurocognitive impairment attributable to a documented infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Due to Prion Disease – neurocognitive impairment attributable to prion disease (most common type is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), with insidious onset and rapid progression of motor features such as myoclonus or ataxia
Due to Parkinson’s Disease – neurocognitive impairment attributable to established Parkinson’s disease
Due to Huntington’s Disease – neurocognitive impairment attributable to clinically established Huntington’s disease or risk based on family history or genetic testing
Due to Another Medical Condition – neurocognitive impairment that is the pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition based on history,
physical examination or laboratory findings (e.g. primary or secondary brain tumors, subdural hematoma, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, deficiencies of thiamine or niacin)
Due to Multiple Etiologies – neurocognitive impairment that is the
pathophysiological consequence of more than one etiological process, excluding substances
Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder – neurocognitive impairment that does not meet the full criteria and in which the precise etiology cannot be determined with sufficient certainty
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Group of conditions with onset in the developmental period, typically
manifesting before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits from learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence
Speech: expressive production of sounds and includes articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality
Language: form, function and use of a conventional system of symbols in a rule-governed manner for communication
Communication: any verbal or nonverbal behavior (whether intentional or unintentional) that influences behavior, ideas or attitudes of another individual Expressive ability: production of vocal, gestural or verbal signals
Receptive ability: process of receiving and comprehending language messages Pragmatics: social use of language and communication
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) – deficits in general mental abilities (reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning and learning from experience) and impairment in everyday adaptive functioning in comparison to one’s age, gender and peers (Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound)
Global Developmental Delay – failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning and inability to undergo systematic assessment of intellectual functioning (under age of 5 years,
requires reassessment after a period of time)
Unspecified Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) – assessment of degree of intellectual disability is difficult or
impossible because of associated sensory or physical impairments (over age of 5 years, requires reassessment)
Language Disorder – persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension or production of vocabulary, sentence structure and discourse
Speech Sound Disorder – persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) – disturbance in the normal fluency and motor production of speech (repetitive sounds or syllables,
prolongation of consonants or vowel sounds, broken words, blocking or words produced with an excess of physical tension)
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder – persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Unspecified Communication Disorder – clinically significant symptoms
characteristic of communication disorder but do not meet full criteria and reason not specified
Autism Spectrum Disorder – persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction accompanied by excessively repetitive behaviors, restricted interests and insistence on sameness
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – clinically
significant symptoms characteristic of communication disorder but do not meet full criteria (e.g. with insufficient inattention symptoms)
Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – clinically significant symptoms characteristic of communication disorder but do not meet full criteria Specific Learning Disorder – specific deficits in ability to perceive or process
information efficiently and accurately; persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing and/or math
Developmental Coordination Disorder – deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of motor performance
Stereotypic Movement Disorder – repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors (hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting)
Tic Disorders: presence of motor or vocal tics which are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations
Tourette’s Disorder – waxing-waning multiple motor and vocal tics present for at least 1 year
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder – waxing-waning single or multiple motor or vocal tics (not both at the same time) present for at least 1 year
Other Specified Tic Disorder – clinically significant symptoms characteristic of tic disorder but do not meet full criteria (e.g. with onset after age 18 years) Unspecified Tic Disorder – clinically significant symptoms characteristic of tic
disorder but do not meet full criteria and reason not specified
Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder – clinically significant symptoms characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorder but do not meet full criteria (e.g. neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure)
Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder – clinically significant symptoms characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorder but do not meet full criteria and reason not specified
Residual Categories
Disturbance caused by physiological effects of another medical condition
Other Specified Mental Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition – e.g. Dissociative symptoms
Unspecified Mental Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Symptoms characteristic of a mental disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment of functioning but do not meet full criteria for any other mental disorder in DSM-5
Other Specified Mental Disorder Unspecified Mental Disorder
