Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Stirling Engine Technology and Its Application on
Solar Power Generation
Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Professor and Chairman
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
National Cheng Kung University
Introduction
Stirling Engines in History
Modern Stirling Engines
Industrial Projects
Potential Technologies
Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling (1790-1878)
Q
in
Introduction
Classification of Stirling Engines
configuration
This type of configuration features
two pistons, each in its own cylinder.
configuration
This type of configuration has a
piston and a displacer in the same cylinder.
configuration
This type of configuration has a
Source: www.keveney.com
Source: www.keveney.com
Introduction
configuration: a piston and a displacer in the same
Source: www.grc.nasa.gov
configuration: a piston and a displacer, each in its own
cylinder.
type (1)
type (4)
type (3)
type (6)
T-swing arm
Free-Piston Stirling Engines
Source: www.grc.nasa.gov
Introduction
Advantages of Stirling Machines
High thermal efficiency
A variety of external heat sources
Low in emissions
Hot-Air Engine (Robert Stirling, 1816)
Stirling Engines
in History
Ericsson and His Pumping Engines
Stirling Engines
in History
The Ericsson
Rider Water-Pumping Engine (A.K. Rider, 1876)
Stirling Engines
in History
Stirling Fan (Lake Breeze Motor, 1918)
Stirling Engines
in History
Rhombic Drive
Source: www.stirlingsouth.com
Stirling Engines
in History
V-2 Stirling Engine (Stirling Power System Co., 1981)
Spirit of American Motors
Corp., 1979
Stirling Engines
in History
Whisper Tech Ltd. <www.whispertech.co.nz>
Tamin Enterprises <www.tamin.com>
TESE002
Single-cylinder rhombic-drive
CAM001
Four-cylinder cam-drive
Stirling Technology Company <www.stirlingtech.com>
MODEL RG-55 RG-350 RG-450 RG-1000 RG-3000 Electrical Output 60-80 W 350 W 450W@50Hz 550W@60Hz 1000W@50Hz 1250W@60Hz 3000 W System Efficiency 29% 23% 30% 23% 39%Duty Cycle Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuo us
Minimum
Lifetime 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr
Dimensions 13.8 in. x 5 in.
dia 23 in. x 8 in. dia 24 in. x 7.5 in. dia 28 in. x 9 in. dia 34 in. x 10in. dia Weight 3.5 kg 80 lbs. 100 lbs. 130 lbs. 160 lbs.
Stirling Technology Company <www.stirlingtech.com>
RG55
RG350
RG450
RG1000
RG3000
M87 cryocooler
mass 2.7 kg
length 280 mm
diameter 83 mm
Sunpower, Inc. <www.sunpower.com>
Model B-10B
Beale Free-Piston 1 W
height 250 mm
base diameter 100 mm
cylinder diameter 60 mm
(2) Electronic Cooler (POLO Technology Co.)
Industrial Projects
Norway's Think.
High-power lithium-ion batteries
Stirling engine
AC motor
Source: CNN money.com July 31, 2007.
Potential Technologies
Source: www.globalcooling.nl
Montreal Protocol
on substances that
deplete the Ozone
layer (CFC、HCFCs、
Halon)
Kyoto Protocol
on greenhouse gases
(O
2、 PFCs、HFCs、
and SF6) (GWP)
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Concentrating solar power systems
Concentrating solar power
(
CSP
) systems are
systems that use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a
large area of sunlight or solar thermal energy onto a
small area. Electrical power is produced when the
concentrated sunlight is converted to thermal energy
to drive a heat engine (usually a Stirling engine or
steam turbine), and connected to an electrical power
generator.
Solar cells Solar-Two Experimental Solar Power Plant (10 MW),
located in Daggett, California.
Solar water heaters
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
SES (USA)
25 kW
@
1000 W/m
2Area
：
11.6 m
×
11.6 m
System efficiency
：
29.4 %
SAIC/STM (USA)
23 kW
@
1000 W/m
2Area
：
14 m
×
14 m
System efficiency
：
30 %
Infinia (USA)
3 kW
@
1000 W/m
2Area
：
4.6 m
×
4.7 m
System efficiency
：
30.5 %
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Stirling engine design and testing
Thermofluidic phenomena modeling and optimization
Regenerators
High-temp/high-absorptivity film coatings
Liquid metals thermal receiver
Phase-change thermal storage system with molten salts
High-transmissivity Fresnel lens
Solar tracking systems
Linear alternators and control systems
Thermodynamic model
Mechanism
Force
Acceleration and
Velocity
Operating Conditions
Performance
Buffer
Chamber
Regenerative Heater
Gas Chamber
Compression
Chamber
Back
Pressure
Chambe
r
TDP
BDP
Piston
Thermal-lag Stirling Engine
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Concept Demonstration
Thermal-lag Stirling Engine
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Thermal-lag Stirling Engine
North 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Motor driver
control circuit
Microprocessor
(89S52)
interface circuit
A/D D/A
circuit
Signal buffer/Switch circuits
for Step motor
mm 照 度 2 / W m 6 5 10 7 1 10 7 1.5 10 7 2 10 7 2.5 10 7 3 10 分段直線法 細直線構成分段曲線 最佳化分段曲 線
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
W 0 5 10 15 20 25 13:50: 01 13:57: 50 14:05: 39 14:13: 28 14:21: 17 14:29: 06 14:36: 55 14:44: 44 14:52: 33 15:00: 22 15:08: 11 15:16: 00 15:23: 49 15:31: 38 15:39: 27 15:47: 16 15:55: 05 Time W
Average power consumption≒5.35 W
Consumption ratio = 5.35/300
≒
1.78 %(<2%)
Low-power-consumption solar tracker
W 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 11: 40: 01 11: 47: 40 11: 55: 19 12: 02: 58 12: 10: 37 12: 18: 16 12: 25: 55 12: 33: 34 12: 41: 13 12: 48: 52 12: 56: 31 13: 04: 10 13: 11: 49 13: 19: 28 13: 27: 07 13: 34: 46 13: 42: 25 Time W W 0 5 10 15 20 25 9: 30: 00 9: 37: 45 9: 45: 30 9: 53: 15 10: 01: 00 10: 08: 45 10: 16: 30 10: 24: 15 10: 32: 00 10: 39: 45 10: 47: 30 10: 55: 15 11: 03: 00 11: 10: 45 11: 18: 30 11: 26: 15 11: 34: 00 Time W
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University
Special Thanks:
-
National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan
-
Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan
Thank you !
Email: [email protected]
