Key Issue 7.4 Fagan updated

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1.27.17

International Holocaust Remembrance Day

• _{Have your 7.3 and 7.4 guides as well as ALL Chapter 7 notecards (17}

of them) out on your desk for me to check

• _{Write out the following questions and respond in the style}

of an FRQ- place your answers in the FRQ tab- you may help each other out with this!

• _{A.) Define an ethnic enclave in the context of an urban}

center

• _{B.) Identify an example of an ethnic enclave in}_{a North}

American city and describe 2 probable factors that led to the creation of that particular enclave

• _{C.) Identify a problem residents in ethnic enclaves face}

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2.2.16

• _{Bell Ringer:}

1. Why is conflict so widespread in Africa?

2. What is the name for the western region of Sudan where over 400,000 were killed?

3. What are the religious groups that occupy Lebanon?

4. What is the disputed region that India and Pakistan both claim?

5. What is the difference between ethnic cleansing and genocide? *(What does the stem “cide”

mean?)

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1. Why is conflict so widespread in Africa? Colonial Boundaries, Hundreds of ethnicities (look at 235)

2. What is the name for the western region of Sudan where over 400,000 were killed? Darfur

3. What are the religious groups that occupy

Lebanon? Sunni/Shia Muslims, Christians, Druze

4. What is the disputed region that India and Pakistan both claim? Kashmir

5. What is the difference between ethnic cleansing and genocide? Ethnic cleansing is a forced removal

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Why Do Ethnicities Clash?

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Ethnic Competition in Sub- Saharan Africa

• _{Conflict is widespread}

in Africa for 2 main reasons:

– _{Colonial Boundaries} – _{Many different ethnic}

groups (see 235)

• _{Horn of Africa and}

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Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Africa

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Ethnic Competition in Sub-Saharan Africa

• _{In Sudan there are rivalries between the black}

Christians, the Arab-Muslim government in the north, and the animist southern rebels.

– _{In the western part of Sudan, the}_Darfur_{region, the UN} believes that Sudanese troops have killed 400,000+

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Darfur

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Ethnic Competition in Lebanon

• _{There is ethnic} fighting between religious groups.

• 60 % Muslim • 30% Christian

• 10 % other (Druze)

• Christians and Muslims have breakdowns that further lead to problems.

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Ethnic Competition in Lebanon

• _{When Lebanon became indpt in 1943, constitution}

required that each religion be represented in the govt by % of pop in 1932.

• _{Then there were more Christians. Now more}

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• _{This caused a civil war}

between 1975-1990. During this each

religion claimed a territory with their own army.

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Ethnicities that are divided into more

than one state

• _{Dividing ethnicities in South Asia}

– _{India and Pakistan}

• _{Kashmir – area of mostly Muslims but India wants to control it}

over Pakistan.

– _{Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka}

• _{The Sinhalese are Buddhists and the Tamils are Hindu.}

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Ethnic Division in South Asia

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2.1.16

• _DBQs-_{do NOT write on the documents}_{. Write your answers on a}

separate sheet of paper. Answers need to be in COMPLETE SENTENCES! Label your answers based on the document you are responding to- i.e. “Document B” You are working quietly and individually today. You may listen to music as long as it isn’t loud enough for others to hear.

• _{For the last document (K), answer the following questions}

• _{1.) What regions of the world have had the greatest concentration of}

genocidal acts?

• _{2.) What was the most recent genocide to be perpetrated in the world?}

(you can write either the most recent one to start or most recent ending)

• _{3.) What factors would cause so many genocides to occur in Europe and}

Asia?

• _{When you finish-}_{place your answers and DBQ on front desk. IF you finish}

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Why do ethnic cleansing and

genocide occur?

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What Is Ethnic Cleansing?

• _{Ethnic cleansing}_{= process in which a more} powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful group from their territory.

– _{The purpose is}_not_{to subjugate (rule), but to remove.} – _{Today, most ethnic cleansing happens in Eastern Europe}

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Where Has Ethnic Cleansing Happened?

• _{Ethnic cleansing in} Europe

– _{1. Largest forced}

migration = 1939–1945

• _{Jews, gypsies, and}

others forcibly removed by German Nazis.

• _{Leads to Mass Genocide}

aka the Holocaust.

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Forced Migration by Nazis

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• _{Ethnic cleansing in Europe (cont.)}

– _{2. The former Yugoslavia}

• _{Created by the allies after WWI.}

• _{United several Balkan ethnicities that spoke similar}

languages.

• _{From 1953-1980, ethnic competition was submerged.}

The Centripetal force was the common economic interests between the different groups.

• _{Rivalry of nationalities reemerged and country broke}

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The Balkans in 1914

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• _{Countries are now:}

– Bosnia and Herzegovina

– Croatia

– Macedonia

– Slovenia

– Montenegro (2005)

– Serbia

– Kosovo (2008)

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• _{The breakup of Yugoslavia}

cont.

A. Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia – three groups – Muslims, Croats, and Serbs.

» _{Bosnian Muslims were}

removed, tortured, and killed by Serbs.

» _{By 1995, 200,000}

Muslim civilians had been systematically murdered.

(considered genocide)

» _{2,000,000 had become}

refugees.

» _{1995 – US led a NATO}

bombing.

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B. Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo

» _{Serbians felt they}

had a historic claim to Kosovo.

» _{By 1999, Serbians}

had forced 750,000 Albanians to camps in Albania.

» _{NATO launched an}

air attack against Serbia to end the conflict.

» _{Kosovo became}

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What is Balkanization?

• _{Now the word}_{Balkanization}_{means - the}

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

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Where Has Ethnic Cleansing Happened?

(cont.)

• _{Ethnic cleansing in Central Africa}

– _{Widespread because most boundaries in Africa do not}

correspond to ethnic groups.

– _{Example: Rwanda – 1994 - Conflict between Hutus and}

Tutsis destabilizes the region and leads to:

• _{Hutus killing between 500,000-1million Tutsis in Rwanda in}

1994.

• _{Refugees spilling into neighboring countries.}

• _{Democratic Republic of Congo falls into civil war – 5.4 million}

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Rwanda videos

• _http_://

www.history.com/topics/rwandan-genocide/vi deos/rwanda-remembrance-and-reconciliatio n?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free =false

• _http://

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• _{http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sho}

ws/rwanda/todaniel /

• _http://_{www.youtube.com/watch?v=elsLXjhLvZM}

(5min)

• _http://_{www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p006xzww}

(10min audio interview with journalist on BBC)

• _http://_{news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3594187.stm}