Forage crops variety testing 1986

FORAGE

CROPS VARIETY TESTING

Prepared by:

Dorsey W. Daniel, J. Paul Mueller and James T. Green

Crop Science Extension Specialists

Published by

THE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

North Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University at Greensboro, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N.C., Chester D. Black, Director. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. The North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, or national origin, and is an equal opportunity employer.

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

•••••••••.•••..••••.•.•••••••••••

6

WINTER ANNUAL FORAGES -

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

••.•

7

YIELDS

8

PERENNIAL FORAGES -

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

••••••..

14

YIELDS

17

SUMMER ANNUAL FORAGES -

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

••••

22

YIELDS

23

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

(Temperature, Precipitation) ••••

24

APPENDIX TABLES ••••••••.•.••••••••••..•••••...•.••.•••.

25

1

INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION OF FORAGE CROP VARIETIES IN NORTH CAROLINA

New forage cultivars and hybrids are constantly being

released from public and private sources.

In addition,

forage breeders are continually interested in testing

experimentals under various growing conditions.

In order to

determine adaptability and productivity,

it is necessary

that these forages be tested under North Carolina growing

conditions.

The purpose of this publication is to present

comparative data on forages tested in North Carolina during

1986.

The varieties tested are classed into three major

groups:

winter annuals

(such as rye, wheat, oats,

barley

and

ry~grass);

summer annuals

(such as sudangrass,

pearl

millet,

and sorghum-sudan hybrids)

and perennial forages

(such as alfalfa,

lespedeza, orchardgrass,

t311 fescue,

and

bermudagrass).

All varieties were managed on a multiple-cut

system with most varieties being clipped three or more times

to simulate rotational grazing or haying conditions.

Dry

forage yields are reported for all entries tested.

Experimental lines are sponsored through the USDA-ARS,

state agricultural experiment stations and privately owned

companies.

These lines may not be available for farm use.

All entries from privately owned companies (experimental

lines or commercial varieties)

are tested on a fee basis.

The Crop Science Department, N.

C.

State University often

enters varieties of

interest or proven varieties to be used

as standards.

All varieties are from certified sources or

from sources which would be able to verify origin.

This

gives assurance as to the purity of the entries tested and

that results reported here could be reproduced.

All forage tests were conducted on state experiment

stations in 1986.

Weather-measuring instruments are often

not available at the exact test sites.

Consequently,

climatological data are presented from stations nearest a

given test and are listed in the appendix.

In most cases

reporting stations are relatively close to the tests

(within

one mile).

Cooperators and locations for

1986 trials are listed in

Table 1.

We express appreciation to these individuals and

to the county extension agents for assistance in conducting

these tests.

Most computations and statistical analyses

were conducted in the Statistical Laboratory and Computing

Center at North Carolina State University.

These operations

were supervised by Dr. John

o.

Rawlings and Mrs.

Faye

2

DETERMINING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIETIES

In order to discover if true differences exist in a set

of varieties being tested, field trials are designed so that

statistical procedures can be used to determine whether

observed differences are most likely real or due only to

chance.

Measured differences among varieties can result

from influences other than their true genetic character.

These random effects which may include variation in soil

fertility, moisture,

temperature, etc. are always present to

some degree.

Experimental design and statistics help in

deciding whether true differences exist.

There is always a

chance that an observed difference between varieties will be

due to chance alone and not due to true varietal

differences.

It is up to the experimenter to choose the odds that he

is willing to accept.

Most experimenters will accept chance

odds of 5% or less.

In other words,

the chance of

concluding falsely is 5% or less.

In this publication the Waller-Duncan L.S.D.

(least

significant difference)

test is used to determine if real

differences exist among varieties

(chance odds of about 5%).

In most tables where yields are presented, the L.S.D. values

are listed below each yield column.

Yield differences

between varieties must exceed the L.S.D. values for

difference to be considered statistically significant.

An

example of the use of the Waller-Duncan L.S.D.

is given

below:

Table 1a.

Variety

1

2

3

4

LSD

Example of use of the L.S.D value.

Yield

(Lbs/A)

1600

'

1570

It

1450

1410

50

L.S.D Waller Duncan K Ratio

=

100

, Highest yield.

It

Not different from highest yield.

By using the L.S.D. value in the above example,

it can

be determined that:

a.

Variety 1 is not different from variety 2 because

the observed difference

(30) does not exceed the

L.S.D. value of

50.

b.

Variety 1 is different from varieties 3 and 4

3

c.

Likewise,

based on similar comparisons,

varieties

3 and 4 are not different,

but variety 2 is

different from varieties 3 and

4.

In studying the

information presented in this

•

WINTER ANNUALS

A

PERENNIAL GRASSES

*

ALFALFA

~

SUMMER ANNUALS

LOCATIONS OF 1986 FORAGE VARIETY TRIALS

Table 1.

Supplemental information for forage variety test locations.

Location

Cooperatinq

Personnel

Soil

Long Term Average

Growing

Annual

Season

Rainfall

Days

Inches

University Research

Unit 9

Raleigh, North Carolina

East Central Piedmont

Wake County

Approx. Elev.

400 feet

Horticultural Crops Res.

Sta.

Clinton, North Carolina

Southeastern Coastal Plain

Sampson County

Approx. Elev.

140 feet

Henry Marshall

Ken Snyder

Fred E.

Cumbo

Jerry Markham

Appling-Cecil Association

200

Gray sandy loam soil

red,

firm clay subsoils.

Norfolk Association

220

Light-gray, sandy loam

surface soil with reddish

brown friable sandy clay

subsoil.

46

48

6

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

Recommended small-plot techniques and cultural

practices were employed on all tests.

Fertilization,

seeding rates, dates,

and other cultural information of a

given test are listed in the table which gives dry matter

yields by harvest for the current year.

Cultural practices

of prior years for perennial forages are given in the

appendix tables.

Winter Annuals and Perennials

The experimental design used for all tests was a

randomized complete block with four or five replications.

Plots were 20 feet long and 2 1/2 feet wide, with the

exception of 5 x 20 foot plots for warm season perennial

grass species.

Blocks were separated by at least 2 1/2 feet

and tests were bordered by material comparable to that

included in the test.

All plots except the warm season grasses and sericea

lespedeza contained three rows nine inches apart.

Seeding

was accomplished with a specially designed cone planter

which was calibrated for each entry.

Hybrid bermudagrass

and Flaccid grass were established by placing sprigs into

rows.

Seeding rates for all tests were adjusted to 100%

germination based on tests conducted just prior to planting.

Cool season perennials and winter annuals were sown in

September, warm season perennials were established in March

and summer annuals were planted in mid-May.

)lots were harvested with a self-propelled, flail-knife

chopper Carter harvester.

It was designed specifically for

small plot work with the wheels spaced so the harvest rows

and the stubble were not damaged during harvesting.

Each plot was evaluated for weed percentage.

When

estimated to be greater than 5% of the harvested forage dry

matter, weed contribution was subtracted from total herbage

weight.

Thus, dry forage yields listed in this publication

are on a weed-free basis.

Dry yield determinations included drying either the

whole plot sample or a subsample.

When subsampling, dry

matter content was determined for each variety in two reps

and this average was used to adjust for dry matter in the

other reps.

Dry yield for each variety was determined by

multiplying green weight by dry matter concentration for a

particular variety.

Subsampling was necessary in some cases

due to the bulk of qreen material being handled and a

shortage of drying space.

Samples were dried in a forced

air drier at 130 degrees Fahrenheit for 24 to 36 hours.

Moisture remaining in the samples was determined to be from

2 to 4%.

Thus,

the term "dry forage"

as stated in the

7

Table 2. Names and addresses of agencies sponsoring winter annual forage entries in the 1985-86 trials.

Sponsor

Arco Seed Co.

Conlee Seed Co.

FCX, Inc. Funk's Gurley's, Inc. International Seeds, Inc. Address

2957 Highland Park Dr. Stone Mountain, GA 30087

P. O. Box 7247 Waco, TX 76714

121 E. Davie St. P. O. Box 2419 Raleigh, NC 27602

P. O. Box 2782 Montgomery, AL 36105

P. O. Box 388 Selma, NC 27576

P. O. Box 168 Halsey, OR 97348

Brand Arco Arco Conlee FCX Funk's Funk's Funk's Funk's Funk's Gurley Gurley International International International International International International International International Cultivar Designation Jenkins Triticale Trical III Triticale

Winter More Rye

Top 1 Ryegrass

Marshall Ryegrass Tibbee Crimson Clov. Bigbee Berseem Clov. Vantage Vetch Cahaba White Vetch

Grazer 2000 Rye GI 85 Rye AFC 20-20 Rye GI 87X Rye GI 87 Rye

Elm 9 Ryegrass Tosca Ryegrass Minaret Ryegrass Exalta Ryegrass EIR 4 Ryegrass Lm.8 Ryegrass Lm\v.2 Ryegrass ELM.10 Ryegrass

N. C. Agri. Ext. Raleigh, NC Service

Gulf Ryegrass N. C. Abruzzi Rye Brooks Oat Boone Barley Tyler Wheat Normae, Inc. Pennington Reneau Seed

Van der Have Oregon, Inc.

P. O. Box 238 Tangent, OR 97389

P. O. Box 290 Madison, GA 30650

P. O. Box 40 Shamrock, TX 79079

100041 Columbus St. SE Albany, OR 97321

Normae Normae Pennington Pennington Reneau Reneau Reneau

Van der Have Van del' Have

Tetragold Ryegrass Kemal Festulolium

Wintergrazer 70 Rye Penploid IV Ryegrass

Koolgrazer Rye A522 Triticale Terriland 12 Trit.

Table 3. FVT 221 Dryforage yields of ryegrass andsmall grains in Sampson County, NC, 1985-86.

11

Harvest rates

Brand Variety 10/28 11/19 315 4/11 5/28 Total Pounds Per AcreDryForaoe

'1J

Funk. ,s Narshall Ryegrass 788 1170 1819 1333 2240 7400'

VanDerHave Urbana Ryegrass 911 1216 1688 1343 1612 6771' ,

International Exalta Ryegrass 983 1373 1605 1281 1520 6762' ,

International Minaret Ryegrass 1007 968 1659 1443 1600 6678' ,

VanD=rHave Ninak Tetraploid Ryegrass 851 1327 1648 1200 1646 6672' ,

Nonnac Tetragold Ryegrass 893 984 1519 1190 1609 6197

Pennington Pennploid IV Ryegrass 765 890 1374 1447 1653 6129

International Im W. 2 Ryegrass 817 1063 1610 1186 1417 6092

International Elm. 10Ryegrass 840 1178 1507 1286 1275 6086

International 'Ibsca Ryegrass 854 1033 1680 1137 1374 6078

FCX Top1Ryegrass 805 956 1540 1181 1440 5923

Gurley GI87XRye 775 1921 2127 874 jJ 5695

Reneau Koolgrazer Rye 689 1827 2217 956 5689

Conlee vlinterMore Rye 661 1860 2380 776 5673

Pennington Wintergrazer70Rye 746 1984 2072 805 5607

Gulf Ryegrass 700 765 1302 1367 1459 5592

Gurley AFC 20-20Rye 698 2131 1916 742 5487

Gurley. Grazer 2000Rye 627 2109 2041 699 5477

Area Jenkins Triticale 835 904 2117 1556 5412

International EI R 4Ryegrass 828 592 1356 1283 1198 5257

International Elm 9Ryegrass 809 667 1291 1233 1210 5209 ₀₀

Gurley GI 85~ye 710 1831 1731 836 5108

NC Abruzzi Rye 666 2306 1291 747 5009

International Im. 8Ryegrass 765 458 1170 1324 1165 4882

Gurley GI 87Rye 605 1546 1943 682 4776

Reneau A,522Triticale 660 657 1398 1295 4009

Reneau Terriland 12Triticale 708 702 1391 1162 3962

Nonnac Kem3..l Festu1olium 677 286 698 1066 1228 3956

Area ·Trical III Triticale 701 775 1399 1018 3892

Tyler~Jheat 712 538 1123 813 3186

Brooks Oat 664 218 945 950 2778

IvEan of Test 766

usa

~ 1105 1478 5401

L.S.D-:-Waller Duncan K-Ra.t.io = 100 242 420 312

286

331

899

sve, 155 365 268 235 263 772

Error D.F. 120 120 120 120 60 120

C.V. 20 31 17 21 18 14

Y

Seeded September11, 1985 on a-Norfolk soil Soil Test Report: pH5.7, P-I 166, K-I 86, C111.5%

Fertilization: Preplant (Loa/acre) 40 N, 40P₂0

5, 40K20 , Lime 1ton

Postplant (lbs/acre) 23 Non OCtober1 50 Non March 5, 50 Non April11

Y

Average of five replications.

YEntrieswithmissing values on this date were not harvested because of lack. of growth.

IHighest yield.

Table 4.

9

FVT 221

Dry forage yields of winter lequmes in

Sampson County, NC 1985-86.

Funk's

Funk's

Funk's

Funk's

Variety

Tibbee Crimson Clover

Vantage Vetch

Cahaba White Vetch

Bigbee Berseem Clover

Harvest Date

4/11

2/

Pounds Per Acre Dry

Forage-6643

3065

2875

2691

Mean of Test

L.S.D. Waller Duncan

K

Ratio

s.e.

Error df

C.V.

100

3818

1806

1342

12

35

1/

-

Seeded September 11, 1985 on a Norfolk soil.

Soil Test Report:

pH 5.7, PI 166, K-I 86, OM 1.5%

Fertilization:

Preplant (lbs/acre)

40 N,

40 P20S,

40

K20

2/

-

Average of five replications.

3/

-

Low yield of Berseem clover is result of loss of plants to

Sclerotinia in the fall.

Drought conditions in the spring only

Table 5.

10

Dry forage yields of winter annuals for three years in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina.

Test Years

Brand Variety

3/

2/

1985-1984- Total Dry 1986- Average-4/ 5/

1/

Annual Dry Forage Yields

(lbs/A)-Funk's Van Der Have International International Van der Have Normae Pennington International International In terna tiona I FCX Gurley Reneau Conlee Pennington Gurley Gurley Arco International International Gurley International Gurley Reneau Reneau Normae Arco

Marshall Ryegrass 10349 Urbana Ryegrass 10260 Exalta Ryegrass

Minaret Ryegrass

Ninak Tetraploid Ryegrass Tetragold Ryegrass Pennploid IV Ryegrass LmW. 2 Ryegrass Elm 10 Ryegrass Tosca Ryegrass Top 1 Ryegrass GI 87X Rye

Koolgrazer Rye 6397 Winter More Rye

Wintergrazer 70 Rey 6631 Gulf Ryegrass 7874 AFC 20-20 Rye

Grazer 2000 Rye 5846 Jenkins Triticale

EIR 4 Ryegrass Elm 9 Ryegrass

GI 85 Rye 5398

NC Abruzzi Rye 4721 LM.8 Ryegrass

GI 87 Rye A522 Triticale

Terriland 12 Triticale KenaI Festuzolium Trical III Triticale

Tyler Wheat 5543

Brooks Oat 6598

Legumes 7327 5434 5168 5930 7034 7176 5900 6843 6742 5971 7769 6142 4951 2277 7400 6771 6762 6678 6672 6197 6129 6092 6086 6078 5923 5695 5689 5673 5607 5592 5487 5477 5412 5257 5209 5108 5009 4882 4776 4009 3962 3956 3892 3186 2778 8359 7488 6762 6678 6672 6197 5874 6092 6086 6078 5926 5695 6373 5679 6471 6455 6165 6022 5692 5257 5209 6092 5291 4882 4776 4009 3962 3956 3892 4560 3884 Funk's Funk's Funk's Funk's Tibbee Crimson Vantage Vetch Cahaba White Vetch Bigbee Berseem 6837 4385 3660 3489 6643 3065 2875 2691 5713 3065 3583 2691 1/

- Average of five replications. Entries with missing values indicate the cultivar was not tested at that location-year.

2/

- Sampson County. See Ag-49 Crop Science Report 99 for details on establishment and fertilization.

3/

- Sampson County. See Ag-49 Crop Science Report 104 for details on establishment and fertilization.

4/

- Sampson County. See FVT 221, Table 2 and 3, pages 8 and 9.

5/

Table 6. FVI' 220Dryforage yields of ryegrass and small grains in Wake County, NC, 1985-86;l1

Harvest rates

Brand Variety 11/11 12/11 3/26 4/22 6/10 Total Pounds Per Acre DryForage

Y

Funk's ~1arshallRyegrass 1208 538 761 1802 1750 6060'

Pennington Permploid IV Ryegrass 1134 614 533 1740 1266 5288

International Exalta Ryegrass 853 505 1045 1235 1465 5103

Nonnac Tetragold Ryegrass 1020 601 577 1327 1549 5075

Gulf Ryegrass 998 499 613 1760 1143 5013

Van der Have Urbana Ryegrass 953 558 745 1367 1366 4989

Van der Have Ninak. Tetraploid Ryegrass 1052 480 625 1268 1556 4981

Reneau Kool grazer Rye 1186 432 1453 1678 'JJ 4749

Gurley Grazer 2000Rye 1345 440 1699 1246 4730

International Minal.~etRyegrass 941 465 660 1216 1419 4701

Gurley GI 85Rye 1252 483 1625 1329 4689

Pennington '\"1intergrazer70Rye 1214 388 1473 1590 4666

International EIR 4Ryegrass 917 451 647 1129 1500 4644

Gurley APC20-20Rye 1247 467 1598 1270 4582

Conlee Winter MJre Rye 1093 447 1553 1479 4571

FCX 'Ibp1Ryegrass 1047 483 597 1063 1366 4555

International LM.8 Ryegrass 877 397 612 1250 1316 4451

NC Abruzzi Rye 1238 491 1700 1017 4446

International I..nW.2 Ryegrass 893 377 614 1212 1315 4411 ...

International EJJn 9Ryegrass 873 422 601 1129 1360 4384 ...

International Tosca Ryegrass 926 511 641 1062 1242 4382 Area Jenkins Triticale 853 419 686 2369 4328

International ElM 10Ryegrass 795 458 592 1146 1255 4246

Nonnac Kenal Festu lolium 556 420 428 1126 1417 3947

Reneau Terriland12Triticale 994 520 723 1655 3892

Reneau A522 Triticale 1051 448 544 1820 3863

Tyler Wheat 936 424 627 1678 3666 Area '!'rical III Triticale 806 542 690 1591 3629

Brooks oat 1520 427

_Y

if

1947

Boone Barley 880 258 1138

Hean of Test 1022 466 881 1413 1393 4371

L.S.O-:-Waller Duncan K-Ratio= 100

203

117 148

"1"94

204 381

s ,e, 169 87 133 170 158 340

Error df 116 116 108 108 60 116

C.V. 17 19 15 12 11 8

11

Seeded September9, 1985 on a cecil clay loam soil Soil TestRepor'te pH5.9, P-I039, K-I 86, H'40.7%

Fertilization: Preplant (lbs/acre) 30N, 60PcfP~ 60 KiO. post~ant to grasses (lbs/acre) 23N

on September 25, 50 N on March 26. No N appli Apri due to ought.

YAverage of five replications 'Highest yield

.Y

Entries with no yield were not harvested on this date due to lack of growth.

Table 7.

Brand

12

FVT 220

Dry forage yields of winter legumes in

Wake County,

NC 1985-86.

Variety

2/

Pounds Per Acre Dry

Forage-Funk's

Funk's

Funk's

Funk's

Tibbee Crimson Clover

Cahaba White Vetch

Vantage Vetch

Bigbee Berseem Clover

3045

1840

1821

487

Mean of Test

L.S.D. Waller Duncan K Ratio

s.e.

Error df

C.V.

100

3818

329

261

12

15

II

-

Seeded September 9,

1985 on a Cecil clay loam soil.

Soil Test Report:

pH 5.9, PI 039, K-I 86, OM 0.7%

Fertilization:

Preplant (lbs/acre)

40 N,

_{40 P20 5, 40 K20}

21

-

Average of five replications.

31

-

Low yield of Berseem clover is result of loss of plants to

Sclerotinia in the fall.

Drought conditions in the spring only

Table 8.

13

Dry forage yields of winter annuals for three years in the Piedmont, North Carolina.

Test Years

Brand Variety

31

2/

1985-1984- Total Dry 1986- Average

4/

5/

II

Annual Dry Forage Yields

(lbs/A)-Funk's Pennington International Normae

Van Der Have Van Der Have Reneau Gurley International Gurley Pennington International Gurley Conlee FCX International International International International Arco International Normae Reneau Reneau Arco Funk's Funk's Funk's Funk's

Marshall Ryegrass 6976 Pennploid IV Ryegrass Exalta Ryegrass Tetragold Ryegrass Gulf Ryegrass Urbana RyEtgrass

Ninak Tet~aploidRyegrass Koolgrazer Rye

Grazer 2000 Rye Minaret Ryegrass GI 85 Rye

Wintergrazer 70 Rye EIR 4 Ryegrass AFC 20-20 Rye Winter MOl-e Rye Top 1 Ryegrass LM.8 Rye NC Abruzzi Rye LmW.2 Ryegrass Elm 9 Ryegrass Tosca Rye'qr a s s Jenkins Triticale ELM.I0

Kemal Festuzolium Terriland 12 Triticale A522 Triticale

Tyler Wheat

Trical III Triticale Brooks Day

Boone Barley

Legumes

Tibbee Crimson Cahaba White Vetch Vantage Vetch Bigbee Berseem 4120 3449 6201 6523 7202 5943 5942 6796 6027 5321 6163 5586 5838 2680 4174 6060 5288 5103 5075 4511 3055 3980 3824 3707 4008 3634 3326 3468 3450 2235 2686 2277 3660 3489 4021 5714 4368 5103 5075 5013 4989 4981 4749 4730 4701 4689 4666 4644 4582 4571 4555 4451 4446 4410 4384 4382 4328 4246 3947 3892 3863 3666 3629 1947 1138 3045 1841 1821 488 5242 4856 4981 5310 4832 4701 4779 5157 4644 4108 4571 3940 4451 4647 4410 4384 4382 3889 4246 3947 3892 3863 3741 3629 3599 3000 4181 2670 3339 488 1/

- Average of 5 replications for all but last harvest date in 1984. Entries with missing values indicate the cultivar was not tested at that location-year.

2/

- Wake County. See Ag-49 Crop Science Report 99 for details on establish-ment and fertilization.

3/

- Wake County. See Ag-49 Crop Science Report 104 for details on establishment and fertilization.

41

- Wake County. See FVT 220, Tables 6 and 7, pages 11 and 12. 5/

14

Table 9. Names and addresses of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1986 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Sponsor ~uburn University DeKalb AgResearch Farmers Forage Research Great Plains Research Co., Inc.

International Seeds, Inc. Loiseau Semences Lovelock Seed Address Auburn University Alabama 36849 Sycamore Road OeKalb, IL 60115

4112 E. State Road

w.

Lafayette IN 47906

1221 Pioneer Ct. Cary, NC 27511

P. O. Box 168 Halsey, OR 97348

Les Goderies Ruardin 72230 Arnage France

P. O. Box 700 Lovelock, NV 89419

Brand DeKalb OeKalb DeKalb FFR FFR FFR FFR FFR Great Plains Great Plains International International International International International International International International International International International International International International International International International International Loiseau Semences Lovelock Lovelock Cultivar Designation

Triumph Tall Fescue

120 Alfalfa 130 Alfalfa Advantage Alfalfa Classic Alfalfa Weevlchek Alfalfa Hi-Phy Alfalfa Forager Fescue Hallmark Orchardgrass Shenandoah Alfalfa Cimarron Alfalfa

Tetrelite Pere. Ryegr Bison Pere. Ryegrass +I8I-80-B Orchardgr +ISI-84-H Fescue +ISI-84-F Fescue +ISI-84-E Fescue +ISI-84-0 Fescue +ISI-84-B Fescue +ISI-Syn L Orchardgr +ISI-Syn I Orchardgr +ISI-Syn K Orchardgr +181-81-1 Orchardgr

Ambassador Orchardgr AU-Oasis Phalaris +181-79-1 Rescuegrass +181-78-1 Rescuegrass Ensilo Pere. Ryegrass Gambit Pere. Ryegrass

Bellegarde Brame

Table 9.

15

(Continued). Names and addresses of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1986 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Sponsor

Normac, Inc.

North American Plant Breeders

N. C. Agricultural Extension Service Raleigh, NC

N. C. Agric. Res.

Northrup King Co.

Address

P. O. Box 238 Tangent, OR 97389

RR3

Ames, Iowa 50010

N. C. State University

N. C. State University Raleigh, NC

1500 Jackson St., NE Hinneapolis, MN

Brand

Normac Normac Normac

AgriPro AgriPro AgriPro

NK NK NK

Cultivar Designation

Kemal Festuolium Fawn Fescue Tempo Fescue

Baron Alfalfa +NAPB 17 Alfalfa

Apollo Alfalfa

Arc Alfalfa

Trailblazer M-84 Switchgr Cave-In-Rock Switchgr Kanlow Switchgrass Tifton 44 Bermudagrass Tifton 78 Bermudagrass Caucasian Bluestem Plains Bluestem Almo Switchgrass Kentucky 31 Fesuce 1-96 Fescue

Interstate 76 Sericea Serala 76 Sericea Lesp. Caricea Sericea Lesp. Common Sericea Lesp. Au-Lotan Sericea Lesp.

Carostan Flaccidgrass

Table 9.

16

(Continued). Names and addresses of agencies sponsoring entries

in the 1986 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Sponsor

Pioneer Hybrid

Univ. of Kentucky

Waterman-Loomis Company

+Experimental.

Address

P. O. Box 85

Johnston, Iowa

Lexington, KY

7625 Brown Ridge Rd. Highland, MD 20777

Brand

Pioneer Pioneer Pioneer Pioneer Pioneer

WL \-JL \-JL WL WL WL WL

Cultivar Designation

526 Alfalfa 531 Alfalfa 532 Alfalfa 555 Alfalfa Florida 77 Alfalfa

Kenhy Tall Fescue Johnstone Tall Fescue Appalow Sericea Lesp.

Southern Special Alf. 311 Alfalfa

312 Alfalfa 313 Alfalfa 318 Alfalfa +82T53 Alfalfa

Table 10. FVTljll Dry matter yields of alfalfa on Horticulture Crops Research Station in Sampson County, NC

-Three Harvest Dates, 1986 Totals Year Bland Variety 4/25 5/28 7/1 8/6 9/8 11/3 1986 1985 1984 Average

'!:../

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Pioneer Florida 77 2448 1382 3829 2355 1830 1450 13294' 1132611 _{14766 13128}11

Great Plains Shenandoah 2806 1340 3786 2209 1622 1020 1278211

11498' 1663811 _13639'

DeKalb Advantage 2446 1114 3778 2224 1998 915 12474" 10411" 14310 12398 Lovelock +LS-C25 2592 1386 3565 2197 1490 940 1217011

11023" 15438 1287711

WL 318 2368 1255 3658 2325 1515 1030 1215211 _{10567" 14900 12540"}

Pioneer 526 1938 1117 4488 2111 1580 864 12097" 9603 15767 12489" AgriPro +NAPB 17 2445 1159 3686 2339 1500 856 11985" 10299 15370 12551" FFR Classic 2458 1179 3565 2189 1721 869 11982" 10398" 15185 1252211

WL Southern Special 1889 1198 3723 2353 1657 1025 11845" 10047 15418 12437 Great Plains Cimarron 2087 1273 3550 2183 1749 968 11809" 1097511 _{16147 12977"}

FFR Hi-Phy 2094 1346 3409 2234 1690 1004 11777" 11268" 16265" 13103" Arc 2505 1215 3420 2111 1588 871 11711" 10842" 15169 1257411

ArgiPro Apollo 2153 1141 3668 2130 1607 957 11657 10516" 15605 12592" AgriPro Baron 2120 1079 3369 2066 1800 1013 11447 9552 14433 11810 Lovelock +LS-96 1931 1205 3663 2237 1508 894 11439 10177 15424 12347 FFR Weevlchek 2051 1069 3612 2046 1674 917 11369 9541 14947 11952 Pioneer 555 2122 1184 3607 2365 1324 743 11345 1083811 _{16368" 12850" I-'}

NK Van cor 2256 1174 3350 1987 1652 827 11247 10205 14848 12100 ~

NK Raidor 2199 1193 3390 2095 1450 894 11221 11073" 172361 _13177"

Pioneer 531 2002 990 3424 2173 1559 919 11068 10265 14301 11878 WL 311 1885 1262 3518 2056 1313 904 10937 10438" 15766 12380 DeKa1b 130 1796 1075 3408 2196 1357 833 10665 9143 15985 11931 Pioneer 532 1659 1019 3470 2113 1367 865 10493 10226 14462 11727 DeKalb 120 1746 963 3458 2002 1369 754 10293 8985 15183 11487

Mean of Test 2167 1180 3600 2179 1580 930 11636 10384 15414 12478

LSD Waller Duncan K-Ratio=100 406 287 353 172 552 257 1596 1187 1009 1173

s.e. 318 180 271 131 302 182 1043 862 907

Error df 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 276

C.V. 15 15 8 6 19 20 9 9 7

+Expel- imentals.

1/

Soil analysis: pH 6.7, P-I 113, K-I 102, HM% 0.4

1986 Cultural Practices: Fertilization (Lbs Zac r e ) Mar c h 4 - 50 P205' 7 5 K20 , 3 Boron Weed Control (lbs/acre a.i.) March 4, Kerb 1.0

Insect Control (lbs/acl-e a.i , ) March 18 - Furadan - 1.0 For earlier years cultural practices see appendix table

'!:../

Average of five replications. 'Highest yield.

Table 11. FVT 213 Dry matter yields of alfalfa on University Research Unit 9 in Wake County, NC!/

Three Harvest Dates, 1986 Totals Year Brand Variety_ _____4/30___~~_~_7~9 8/11 9/12 10/29 1986 1985 1984 Average

'1:./

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

WL +82T53 2561 2791 2097 1575 2888 1403 13315' 11451" 14649" 13030' WL Southern Special 2511 2571 2229 1778 2369 1469 12928" 11252" 14876" 12886" Great Plains Cimarron 2388 2824 2070 1767 2626 1221 12896" 10992" 13484 12384" Great Plains Shenandoah 2595 2601 2208 1614 2519 1190 12727" 10970" 13710 12380" Pioneer 526 2690 2531 2105 1651 2587 1147 12711" 10025 12720 11754 Pioneer 555 2404 2205 2077 1785 2553 1476 12500" 11538' 15124" 12906" Pioneer 531 2513 2713 1840 1480 2710 1173 1242911 _{10499 14118" 12222}

WL 316 2558 2699 2018 1393 2510 1147 12325" 10385 14495" 12252 Pioneer Florida 77 2269 2648 1947 1579 2491 1362 12296" 10713" 13664 12122 AqriPro Apollo 2522 2437 2140 1589 2420 1184 12292" 10991" 14139" 12355" AgriPro +NAPB 17 2546 2619 2019 1588 2452 1024 12248" 1066111 _{13299 11982}

FFR Hi-Phy 2487 2568 1893 1608 2451 1196 12203" 10706" 15203' 12526" FFR Classic 2751 2492 1792 1355 2751 974 12116 9855 13509 11706 Pioneer 532 2525 2547 1958 1496 2458 1116 12100 10161 12609 11443 NK Raidor 2869 2358 1884 1505 2479 985 12081 10356 13182 11866 FFR Weevlchek 2637 2683 1807 1365 2501 1046 12040 9982 13433 11702

wr,

311 2326 2496 1947 1624 2294 1314 12012 10588" 14544" 12227 DeKalb 130 2324 2547 1863 1257 2694 1258 11933 10912" 13589 12046 _~

Arc 2564 2417 1763 1414 2408 1037 11603 9905 13677 11589 _0:> Lovelock +LS-C25 2429 2638 1869 1357 2412 1160 11863 10077 14512 11982 AgriPro Baron 2109 2151 1952 1602 2414 1354 11581 10759" 13877" 11943 Lovelock +LS-96 2477 2195 1711 1482 2517 1090 11473 10168 13367 11548 WL 318 2341 2193 1774 1417 2440 1198 11365 10026 13991 11637 NK Vancor 2557 2324 1690 1478 2258 968 11276 9940 14003 11492 DeKalb Advantage 2497 2451 1792 1222 2359 936 11257 9491 12920 11101 DeKalb 120 2134 2373 1703 1377 2356 1037 10980 9163 13294 10992

Mean of Test 2484 2503 1929 1514 2497 1172 12099 10445 13846 12007

LSD Waller Duncan K-Ratio=100 478 280 329 283 289 191 1181 1029 1163 693

s.e. 281 215 223 201 200 154 808 751 777

Error df 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 275

c.v.

11 9 12 13 8 13 7 7 6

+Experimental.

Soil Analysis: pH 6.3, P-I 080, K-I 98, HM% 1.1

Y

1985 Cultural practices: Fertilization (lbs/acre): Mar c h 11 - 75 P2 0 5' 0 K20 , 3 Boron

Insect Control (lbs/acre a.i.) March 17 Furadan 1.0, April 21 Furadan 0.5 Weed Control (lbs/acre a.i..): March 7 Sencor 0.5, August 15 Poast 0.19 For earlier years cultural practices seed appendix table

'1:/

Average of five replications.

Table 12.

FVT 218 Dry matter yields of lespedeza on University Research Unit 9 in

Wake County, NC!/

Two

Harvest Dates,

1986

Totals

Year

Brand

Entry

5/26

7/14

9/14

1986

1985

Average

:!:../

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Interstate 76

3333

2037

3870

9240'

2918'

6079'

Common

3035

1993

3440

8468"

2693"

5580"

Serela 76

2839

2005

3404

8248"

2807'

5527"

Caricea

2895

1873

3301

8069"

2737'

5403"

Funk's

Au Lotan

2855

1656

3275

7785"

2425

5105"

Appa10wY

1608

1876

1838

5321

1042

3182

Mean of Test

2761

1907

3188

7855

2437

5146

LSD Waller Duncan

~

\.0

K-Ratio

=

100

256

NS

391

782

336

1318

s.e.

213

231

323

644

303

503

Error df

20

20

20

20

20

40

c.v.

8

12

10

8

12

10

Soil analysis:

pH 6.1, P-I 058, K-I 104, HM% 0.7

1/

-

1986 Cultural practices:

Fertilization (lbs/acre)

March 11 -

75 P

2

0

S'

0

K20

Weed Control

(lbs/acre a.i.)

March 17 -

0.5 Paraquat

August 15 -

0.19 Poast

Irrigation (inches/acre)

May 19 1/2, May 30 1/2,

June 27 1 1/2

For earlier years cultural practices see appendix table.

2/

-

Average of 5 replications.

3/

20

Table 13. FVT 217 Dry matter yields of cool $eason grasses on University Research Unit 9 in Wake County, NC!I

1986

_'1:/

Two

Harvest Dates Totals Year

Brand Variety 5/1 6/18 1986 1985 Average

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

l/

FFR Forager Fescue 2959 988 3947' 4271 4109"

Tr i umph Fescue 2831 1109 3938" 4641 4289" Normae Fawn Fescue 2841 938 3778" 4301 4040" International +I8I-84-F Fescue 2763 1099 3773" 3829 3800" International +181-79-1 Rescuegrass 2677 900 3577" 6779" 5178 International Tetre1ite Per. Ryegrass 2185 1375 3559" 5560 4560" International +I8I-84-B Fescue 2338 1190 3528" 3845 3687" Kenhy Fescue 2232 1295 3528" 4130 3829" International Bison Per. Ryegrass 2042 1478 3519" 5449 4484" Ky. 31 Fescue 2375 1079 3454 3628 3541" International +I8I-84-H Fescue 2384 1014 3399 3515 3457" Loiseau 8emences Bellegarde Brome 2118 1237 3355 7579' 5467' 1-96 Fescue 2198 1095 3294 3970 3632" Int e r na t ional +181-84-0 Fescue 2200 1087 3287 3651 3469" FFR Hallmark Orchardgrass 2119 1136 3255 3065 3160

Johnstone Fescue 2195 1031 3226 4149 3688" International +I8I-84-E Fescue 2065 1110 3175 3460 3317" International Ambassador Orchardgrass 1990 1086 3076 2918 2997

Normae Tempo Fescue 2093 950 3043 3084 3063

International +181-78-1 Rescuegrass 1980 1060 3040 5798 4419" International AU-Oasis Phalaris 2195 836 3031 3639 3335" International +I8I-8yn. I Orchardgrass 1820 1061 2831 3031 2956 International +181-81-1 Orchardgrass 1762 1031 2793 2557 2675 International +I8I-8yn. L Orchardgrass 1664 1125 2789 2573 2681 International +I8I-8yn. K Orchardgrass 1679 1011 2690 2778 2734 Normae Kernal Festuoleum 1666 933 2599 3833 3216 International Gambit Per. Ryegrass 1713 841 2554 3220 2887 International Ensilo Per. Ryegrass 1294 859 2154 1906 2030

Mea n of Test 2153 1070 3223 3970 3596

L80 Waller Duncan K-Ratio 100 386 148 459 957 2162

s.e. 324 124 382 829 645

Error df 108 108 108 108 216

C.V. 15 12 12 21 18

+Experimental.

80il analysis: pH 6.4, P-I 113, K-I 108, HM % - 0.8

1/

- 1986 Cultural practices: Fertilization (lbs/acre): March 11 - 75 P205' 0 K20 April 9 - 75N, August 14 - 75N

Weed Control (lbs/acre a.i.) February 18 - I lb. Banvel June 25 - .25 lb. Paraquat to alleys.

For earlier years cultural practices see appendix table.

2/

- Due to severe summer drought not enough growth was available for a fall harvest.

3/

- Average of five replications.

Table 14. FVT 219 Dry matter yields of warm 17ason perennial grasses on University Research Unit 9 in Wake County,

NC.-Two

Harvest Dates, 1986 Totals Year

Brand Variety 6/16 7/14 8/22 9/19 1986 1985 Average

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Carostan Flacidgrass 5449 5237 1351 4572 16609' 7262' 11936'

Tifton 44 Bermuda 3082 6090 1217 4281 14670" 5758 10214"

Caucasian Bluestem 4100 4003 1522 3431 13056 6730" 9893"

NK Pasta-Rico Bermuda 2023 4579 2100 3312 12014 6635" 9324"

Plains Bluestem 2945 4364 1093 3609 12011 6224" 9117"

Alamo Switchgrass 3128 3057 813 2861 9859 4/ 5795

Kanlow Switchgrass 3892 2481 591 2495 9459 4652 7055

Cave-In-Rock Switchgrass 3146

3/2702 402 2071 8321 3463 5892

Tifton 78 Bermuda 485- 2078 1243 2419 6225 5697 5961

Trailblazer M-84 Switchgrass 1099 1315 219 964 3597 1730 2212

Mean of Test 2935 3591 1055 3001 10582 4898 7740

N

LSD Waller Duncan K-Ratio

=

100 1044 1247 488 1083 2735 1316 4845 ~

s.e. 880 1038 404 878 2311 1124 1817

Error df 36 36 36 36 36 36 72

C.V. 30 29 38 29 22 23 23

Soil Analysis: pH 6.2, P-I 048, K-I 76, HM% 0.6

Planted March 26, 1985.

1/

- 1986 Cultural Practices: Fertilization (lbs/acre): March 11 - 75 P20S' 75 K20

April 9 - SON, June 16 - SON, July 14 - 50 N, August 22 - SON

Weed Control: Paraquat used as spot spray.

Irrigation (inches/acre): May 19 1/2, May 30 1/2, June 27 1 1/2

For earlier years cultural practices see appendix table.

2/

- Average of five replications.

3/

- First harvest was small due to winter kill. Some plots suffered loss up to 90%.

4/

- No yield shown for this entry in establishment year due to lack of stand

and reseeding. 'Highest yield.

22

Table 15. Names and addresses of agencies sponsoring summer annual forage entries in the 1986 trials.

Sponsor

Cal/West Seeds

DeKalb-Pfizer Genetics

Funk's Seed International

Green Seed Co.

Pennington

Enterprises, Inc.

Pioneer Hi-Bred International

USDA-ARS

+Experimental.

Address

P. O. Box 1428 Woodland, CA 95695

1350 Center Drive Suite 201B Atlanta, GA 30338

P. O. Box 2782 Montgomery, AL 36105

P. O. Box 68

Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526

P. O. Box 290 Madison, GA 30650

1000 W. Jeferson St. Tipton, IN 46072

Tifton, GA

Brand

Germain's

DeKalb DeKalb

Funk's Funk's

Green

Green

Pennington Pennington

Pioneer Pioneer

Cultivar Designation

Bravo II

SX-17 ST6+

HW6986 Redland X

Greenleaf

Green Graze Supreme t-1illgreen 79

Summergrazer 3 Tifleaf 20

855F 877F

+TIFT 85 DAX 383 +TX623A X Georgia 337

Tifleaf 1

23

Table 16. FVT 223 Dry matter yields of summer annual grasses on University Research Unit 9 in Wake County, NC

Brand Variety Harvest Dates,7/10 8/4

1986

9/4 Total

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Germain's Funk's DeKalb Green Pennington Funk's DeKalb Pioneer Green Pennington Pioneer

Mean of Test

Bravo II Sudangrass

+Tift 85 DAX 383 Millet

Redland X Greenleaf SS +TX623A X Georgia 337 Millet

SX-17 SS

Green Graze Supreme SS Summergrazer 3 SS Tifleaf 1 Millet HW6986 SS

ST6+ SS Brand 855F SS Millgreen 79 Millet

+TX623A X Dwarf Georgia 337 Tifleaf 20 Millet

Brand 877F SS

+Tift 23A X N14, N23, N75

2255 1439 2333 2128 2717 2235 1854 1331 2357 1679 2017 1231 1357 1240 1439 612 1764 2575 3134 2450 2741 2395 2334 2690 2914 1946 2354 1995 2697 2708 2649 1861 2502 2497 1409 1653 1410 1315 990 1493 1491 1653 1363 1390 1381 1291 1140 1225 1367 1279 1366 6239' 6227" 6194" 6185" 6102" 6062" 6034" 5897" 5666" 5422" 5393" 5219" 5204" 5114" 4667" 4393 5626

LSD Waller Duncan K-Ratio s.e. Er-ror df C.V. 100 623 513 60 29 1185 630 60 25 340 233 60 17 1716 986 60 18 +Experimental.

Soil analysis: pH 6.2, P-I 137, K-I 114, HM% 0.6

Seeded May 16, 1986. 1/

- Cultural practices: Fertilization (lbs/acre): May 8 - 8N, 46 - P205,

46 - K20, June 6 - SON, July 10 - SON

August 4 - 50N

Weed Control (lbs/acre): June 5 - Milogard 2, July 14

Irrigation (inches/acre): May 19 1/2, May 30 1/2, June 27 1 1/2

2/

- Average of five replications.

'Highest yield.

24

APPENDIX

List of Appendix Tables

1.

Climatological Data for Wake County Location

2.

Climatological Data for Sampson County Location

3.

Cultural Practice and Fertilization for Perennial Forages

Page

25

26

25

Table 1. Temperature and precipitation for Wake County - 1986 (FVT 213, 217, 218, 219, 220).

Temperature (0F)

Departure from long

Month Mean term mean Highest Date Lowest Date 1985

Nov. 60.3 80 28 32

Dec. 41.6 67 10+ 11 26

1986

Jan. 40.7 70 22 28

Feb. 46.5 73 17 15 14

Mar. 53.1 86 31 20

Apr. 62.8 87 34 24+

May 69.9 91 7+ 39 10

June 78.6 97 13+ 57 22+

July 82.8 101 19 61

Aug. 77.3 93 11+ 58 29+

Sept. 71.7 92 27 51 18

Oct. 64.4 95 35 20

Nov. 53.9 83 23 14

Dec. 44.0 74 10 22

+Also earlier date 01- dates.

Precipitation (inches)

Departure No. days with from long Greatest in precipitation 0.10 Month Total te rrn mean 24 hours Date inches or over 1985

Nov. 7.93 4.53 3.12 21

Dec. 1.17 -2.17 1.00 13

1986

Jan. 1.82 -1.97 .82 26

Feb. 2.15 -1.60 .47 27

Mar. 2.18 -2.01 1.30 14

Apr. .93 -2.43 .37 16

May 2.44 -2.00 1.00 20

June 2.13 -1.80 .67 29

July 3.95 -1.11 1.46 23

Aug. 11.99 7.41 3.97 13

Sept. .67 -3.46 .16

Oct. 2.34 .75 26

Nov. 2.47 .74 15

26

Table 2. Temperature and precipitation for Sampson County

-

1986 (FVT 211, 221) •

Temperature (oF)

Departure from long

Month Mean term mean Highest Date Lowest Date 1985

Nov. 63 82 21+ 32

Dec. 41.9 72 14-' 13 26

1986

Jan. 39.8 71 23 11 28+

Feb. 47.4 75 17 14

Mar. 52.4 83 14 23

Apr. 62.9 89 29 31 11

May 69.6 94 37 11

June 77.8 96 13+ 57 22

July 82.8 101 22 62 5+

Aug. 77.7 96 11+ 57 30+

Sept. 72.9 94 28+ 48 18

Oct. 65.9 95 33 20

Nov. 57.4 83 25 14

Dec. 46.3 81 24 23 14

+Also earlier date or dates.

Precipitation (inches)

Departure No. days with from long Greatest in precipitation 0.10 Month Total term mean 24 hours Date inches or over 1985

Nov. 3.08 .87

Dec. .95 .73

1986

Jan. 1.49 .38 26

Feb. 2.20 .72 11

Mar. 2.19 1.13 20

Apr. .46 .23 21

May 4.77 2.06 20

June 5.37 1.98 17

July 5.28 1.90 22

Aug. 6.38 2.15 19 11

Sept. .67 .39 10

Oct. 4.81 3.17

Nov. 1.66 .60 15

27

CULTURAL PRACTICES AND FERTILIZATION FOR PERENNIAL FORAGES

FVT 211 ALFALFA (SAMPSON COUNTY)

Seeded September 7, 1983 at 25 Ibs/acre on a Norfolk soil

Soil test report at seeding: pH 5.9, P-I 124, K-I 92, HM 0.5%

Fertilization (lbs/acre):

Date N

September 23, 1983 25

December 14, 1984

February 22, 1985

25

27

50

81

Lime

1000

B

2

2

Insect control (lbs/acre - a.i.) March 20, 1984 - Furadan 1.0

March 20, 1985 - Furadan 1.0

FVT 213 ALFALFA (WAKE COUNTY)

Seeded September 30, 1983 at 25 lbs/acre on a Cecil soil.

Soil test report at seeding: pH 6.5, P-I 059, K-I 60, HM 0.7%

Fertilization (lbs/acre):

Date N P2 05 K20 Lime _~

September 30, 1983 50 50 3

February 25, 1985 27 81 2

Insect control (lbs/acre

-

a.L, ): March 26, 1984

-

Furadan 1.0

March 19, 1985

-

Furadan 1.0

FVT 218 LESPEDEZA (Wake County)

Seeded March 8, 1985 at 40 lbs/acre on a Cecil soil.

Soil test report at seeding: pH 6.5, P-I 059, K-I 60, HM% 0.7

Fertilization (lbs/acre):

Date

f\1 arc h 8, 19 8 5

N

50 100

Lime B

Weed Control (lbs/acre - a.i.): May 15 - Butoxone - 2.0

28

FVT 217 COOL SEASON PERENNIAL GRASSES (Wake County)

Seeded October 23, 1984 at rate of (lbs/acre):

Fescue - 25, Orchardgrass - 20, Perennial Ryegrass - 25

Brame - 25, Rescuegrass - 25 on a Cecil soil.

Soil test report at seeding: pH 6.5, P-I 059, K-I 60, HH%

-

0.7

Fertiliz~tion (lbs/acre)

Date N P2 05 K20 Lime B

October 23, 1984 50 50 100

February 25, 1985 75

May

13, 1985

August 8, 1985 75

FVT 219 WARM SEASON PERENNIAL GRASSES (Wake County)

Seeded March 26, 1985 at rate of (lbs/acre): Plains

Bluestem 30, Caucasian Bluestem 50, Switchgrasses 30 and

Pasta-Rico Bermuda 18.

Other bermudas and flaccidum planted in rows using

vegetative plant parts on AprilS, 1985. Tifton 44

Bermuda and Pennisetum flaccidum planted in three rows 12

inches apart with sprigs placed 4-6 inches apart. Due to

lack of plant material of Tifton 78 Bermuda, plants were

started in peat pots in the greenhouse and moved to the field where they were planted in one row down the center

of the plot with plants 18 inches apart on June 10, 1985.

Soil test report at planting: pH 6.5, P-I 059, K-I 60, HM% - 0.7

Fertilization (lbs/acre)

Date

March 26, 1985

July 18, 1985

August 23, 1985

N

50 50 50

50 100

CONSERVING OUR FUTURE

WHAT WE CAN DO!

The future of North Carolina's agriculture depends on our ability to protect

and efficiently utilize our soil and water resources. Here's what we can do:

To Protect Soil Resources

• Use tillage methods which reduce erosion and conserve moisture.

• Match crops to capabilities of individual fields.

• Maintain soil productivity by proper use of drainage and nutrients.

To Protect Water Resources

• Match nutrient and pesticide applications to crop needs.

• Use conservation practices (e.g. waterways, field borders, contours, cover

crops) to reduce runoff of surface water.

• Plan irrigations to meet crop needs and reduce runoff.