SPM Biology 2007 k3

(1)

Paper 3

s?fi

Snoto6g ltg

Answer aII questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

Langkah-langk ah berihut telah . d,ij alankan.

Step 1

_{: 50 m(' of 2%o sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was placed in a boiling}

tube.

tes

I An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light iirtensity on the rate of

photosynthesis of a Hydrilla sp. sprig.

Satu eksperimen telah diialanka-i uituk m.enghaii kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar

fotosintesis bagi setangkai Hyd.ritta sp.

The following steps were carried out.

Langh,ah 7

Step 2

Langkah 2

10,

ml. larutan ZYo natrium hidrogen karbonat telah d.imasukkan ke d.alam

taoung ctldln.

A

-Hy.dr:illa

sp..

sprig was immersed in the sodium. hydrogen carbonate

solution.

setanghai Hyd'ritta sp. d,irend,amkan ke d,alam larutan natrium hid,rogen

karbonat.

A light source from a 60 W bulb was placed at a distance of 60 cm from the

boiling tube.

Step 3

Langh'ah 3 : Sa\ su,rnber

_{cahaya d,aripad,a satu mentot 6a W dileta,kkan pada jarak 60 cm}

dari tabung didih.

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up used in this experiment.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan rad,as-yang digunakan-d,alam eksperimen ini.

@rl;rqqil

l:ilm"qq;P,

"i4.\

N.s)'--tk r1- r:r trilg

'

_./,

- " r . " i

{*it

Retort stand

Kaki retort

Hydrilla sp.

Boiling tube

Tabung didih

2% sodium hydrogen

carbonate solution

Laru,tan2%o

natrium

Paper clip

' Klip kertas

Rulei

. Pembaris

Diagrarn 1

Rajah t

\

"/

60 W bulb

Mentol60.W

(2)

(a) In Table 1, list all the materials and apparatus labelled in Diagram

1-Dalam Jad,ual L, senaraikan semua bahan d.an radas

yang berlabel dalam Rajah L'

Material

Bahan

Apparatus

Radas

Table 1

Joduol t

[3 rnarks]

13 markahl

Table 2 shows the results of this experiment

Jad.ual 2 Tnenunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini'

Distance between light source

and HYd'rilla sP.

Ja,rak di antara surnber eahoYa

d'an HYdrillo sP.

Total number of bubbles released

in 5 minutes

Jumlah bilanga,n gelembung Yang

d.ibebaskan d'alann rnusa 5 minit

60 cm

Bubble

Gelembung

' Hydrilla sp.

50 cm

r

I

(3)

4O ern

30 cm

Table 2

Jad,ual 2

(b) Record the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boxes provided in

Table 2.

Rekod jumlah bilangan gelernbung yeng d.ibebaskan d.alam tna,sa S minit d,alam petak

yang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.

lB marksl

lB markah,l

(c) (t state two different observations made from Table 2.

Nyatakan daa pemerhatinn yang berbeza yang d.ibuat d,aripad,a Jad.ual 2.

Observation 1 / Pemerhatian L:

Observation 2 I Pemerhatian 2:

l3 ntarkahl

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in l(c)(i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan d,engan pemerhatian d,i r(d(i).

Inference from observation L r lTtferens d,aripad,a pemerhatian L:

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Inference from observation 2 | Inferens d,aripada pemerhatian 2:

(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.

Lengkaphan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Table 3

Jad,ual 3

(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

[3 marksf

[3 markah]

[3 marks]

l3 markahl

Variable

Pembolehubah

Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendali

pembolehubah

Manipulated variable

P e m b ol e hub ah di m anip ulasikan

Responding variable

Pembolehubah bergerak balas

Constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

l3 marksl

l3 markahl

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(0 (il Construct table and record all the data collected in this experiment.

Bina satu jadual dan rekod,kan sernua d,ata yang d,ikumpul dalarn eksperirnew ini.

Your table should have the following titles:

Jadual anda hendakrah mengand,uigi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

Distance between light source and Hydrilla sp.

Jarak di antara sumber cahaya d,an-Hydrilli sp.

Total number of bubbles released in b minutes

Jumlah bilangan gerembung ydng d.ibebaskan d,aram masa 5 minit

Light intensity

Keamatan cahaya

Use the formula:

'

_{Light intensity =}

Gunakan formula:

Keamatan cahaya = -;---

1 -

JaraU

,J'*:#l

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 2L5 toa-nswer this part of the question.

Using

the data in l(f)(i), draw the graph or trt" total number oi bubbles against the light

intensity.

I B marksf

Guna kertas graf yang d'isediakan d'i halaman 2L5 untuh menjawab ceraian soalan

ini' Menggunakan data d'i 1(0(r), lukis graf iumlah bilangan gelembung melawan

k'earnatan cahaya'

tz tnarkahl

(g) Based on the gTp! in l(f)(ii), explain the relationship between the total

number of

bubbles and the.light

intensity-Berdasarkan graf di L(DGi} terangkan hubungan antara jumlah bilangan gelentbung

dengan keamatan cahaya.

[3 marksf

[3 marhahl

(6)

(h) This experiment is repeated using two sprigs of. Hydrilla sp'

predict the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes by these two sprigs of

Hydrilla sp.

Explain your prediction.

Eksperimen ini d,iul,angi d.engan nxenggunakan dua tangkai Hydrilla sp'

Raiatkan jumlah bilingan gelembung yatug dibebaskan dalam. nxasa 5 minit oleh dua

tangkai Hydrilla sp. ini.

Terarugk

an ramalan and'a.

[3 marhsJ

13 markahl

Based on the result from this experiment, what can be deduced about photosynthesis?

Berd.asarkan keputusan d,aripad.a eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat dirumuskan tentang

fotosintesis?

l3 rnarks)

l3 markahl

(7)

Graph of the total number of bubbles against the light intensity

9"t

bagi jumlah bitangan gerembung iloon

keaiatan

cahaya

(8)

Anaerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy from the breakdown

of glucose in

the absence of oxygen. Yeast can carry out anaerobic respiration in a

glucose solution'

Glucose

Zimase

Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + EnergY

Respirasi anaerab ialah proses

pembebasan tenaga d.aripada penguraian glukosa tarupci'oksigen'

Y.s boleh menjalankan respirasi anaerob dalam larutan glukosa.

Glukosa

Zimase

Etanol + Karbon dioksid'a + Tenaga

The rate of anaerobic respiration is affected by'several factors such as temperature,

pH values

and nutrients.

Kad.ar respirasi anaerob d,ipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti

suhu, nilai pH dan

nutrien.

Based on the above information and equation, design a laboratory experiment

to investigate

the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast'

Berd,asarkan maklamat d.an persam,adn d.i atas, reka bentuk satu eskperimen

makmal untuk

nxengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kad,ar respirasi anaerob d'alam yis.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Peraicangai ekiperimen and,a hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

'

Problem statement

Pernyataan rnasalah

'

Aim of investigation

Objektif kajian

'

Hypothesis

iiiotesis

'

Variables

Pembolehubah

'

List of apparatus and materials

Senarai radas dan bahan

'

Technique used

Teknik yarlg d'igunakan

.

_{Experimental procedure or method}

Kaedah atau Prosedur eksPerimen

'

Presentation of data

Cara data diPersembahkan

'

Conclusion

Kesimpulan

lL7 marks)

[L7 markah]

(9)

(b) _

Diagram 9.2 shows an ecosystem ofrainforest. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms such as plant, monkey, deer, snail, butterfly interacting with one another ancl with the non-living environment such as water and temperature.

In this ecosystem, the gteen plants act as producers which directly produce food for deer and the fruits for monkey as well.

This ecosystem provides the plants and the animals with the basic resources of life such as shelter, living space, nesting and breeding sites, For example, a single tree can be a habitat for birds and monkeys.

Rainforest provide biodensity.

Green plants undergo photosynthesis which water, light and carbon dioxide gases are needed. During respiration process, animal releases carbon dioxide gases which is used for photosynthesis process by plants.

Plants in tropical rainforest provide raw materials for medicine such as treatment of cancer andAIDS.

At the same time, photosynthesis process produces oxygen gases which is used by animal during respiration process.

This ecosystem has to be maintained to ensure the snail has space/habitat to live. Otherwise the snail will loss their habitat causing extinction of snail population. This ecosystem provide habitat for butterfly to ensure the population of butterfly maintained.

Timber, rubber and organic oils play important role in the country's economies. Nitrogen cycle, pollination and regulation of atmosphere temperature are provided due to the diversity in plants and animals.

Observation 1:

The plant released a gas which is collected as a gas bubble in the boiling tube.

Observation 2:

The shorter the distance between light source andHyd.rilla sp., the higher the total numbe-. of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boiling tube.

Inference from observation 1:

The gas bubble that is released indicates that the plant is undergoing photosynthesis. Inference from observation 2:

The shorter the distance between light source and, Hyd,rilla sp., the gteater the light intensity. Hence, the higher the amount of oxygen gas released in the boiling tube, the higher the rate ofphotosynthesis.

(c) (t

(ir) Paper 3

r

(a)

a , ,ot * ",r, '.ou f , * ; ! , . 1 ' f _{" r} (e) (f)

The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate ofphotosynthesis.

(t

o)

qt.

s

(d)

Variable Method to handle the variable Manipulated variable: Light intensity Responding variable: Tbtal number of bubbles released in 5 minutes. Constant variable: The concentration ofsodium hydrogen carbonate solution/ the concentration ofdissolved carbon dioxide, duration ofexposure to light source.

Manipulates the variable by using different distance between light source and, Hydrilla sp. Light intensity

Observes the responding variable by counting the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boiling tube.

Sets the constant variables by maintaining the volume and the concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonated solution, the duration of exposure to light source. Material Apparatus 2% sodiumhydrogen carbonate solution, Hyd,rilla sp. B o i l i n g t u b e , 6 W b u l b , retort stand, ruler, paper clip

Distance between light source and

Hyd.rilld ep. lbtal number of bubbles released in 5 minutes 6 0 c m

1 0

*

50cfi

*

t2*

i1 {j &.BS

I

l

,1, :1*

'r. r Sbcn ' ' : i , . , Z d * Distance between light sourceand Hydrilla sp. Light intensity Total number ofbubbles released in 5 minutes 6 0 c m 5 0 c m 4 0 c m 3 0 c m

0.017

0.020

0.025

0.033 1 0

7 2

L 5

20

t i' ;ail *l;'

(10)

(g) The higher the light intensity, the higher.the total number of bubbles released.

(h) When the number of'Hydrilla sp. sprig is increased, the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes becomes higher/twice because the higher the - number of Hydrilla sp. sprig, the higher the rate of

photosynthesis.

(t The rate of photosynthesis increases with the increase of the light intensitY.

Problem statement:

How does temperature affect the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Aim of investigation:

Tb investigate the effect of tbmperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast.

Hypothesis:

The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is optimal at a temperature of 37'C,

Variables:

Manipulated: Temperature

Responding: Height of coloured liquid in 15" manometer.

Constant: Volume of yeast suspension, pH, light intensity and time taken.

List of apparatus and materials: '

Boiling tubes, glass tubes, clips, rubber stoppers, rubber tubings, retort stands, manometer tubes, strings, measuring cylinders, stopwatches, thermometers, ruler, yeast, suspension (4g of yeast in 100 cms of glucose solution), and coloured liquid

Technique used:

Measure the different heights of coloured liquid in the manometers with a ruler.

Method:

1. 5 boiling tribes are labelledA, B, C, D and E. 2. 15 ms of yeast suspension is poured in tube each

boiling tubes.

3. 5 apparatus as shownindiagrambelowis setup.

Rubber tubing

Glass-tube

Boiling

tube Initial height

of liquid containing

yeast suspension

'coloured liquid

4. The boiling tubes are placed into water bath with temperatures set as follows.

Boiling tubeA: 10"C. Boiling tube Bt,20"C Boilingtube C: 37"C Bciiling tube D: 50"C Boiling tube E: 70"C 5. The stopwatchis activated.

6. The height of coloured liquid in the manometer is measured after 10 minutes.

7. Ttre dataobtainedarerecordedinatable. Data: Boiling water Temperature

('c)

Height of coloured liquid inthe manometer(cm)

A

B

C

D

E

10

20

37

50

70

* _Conclusion:

' _{The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is} optimal at a temperature of 37oC. The hypothesis is accepted.

Rubber stopper