budget constraint
Is government budget constraint binding?
... government budget constraint is bind- ing when government, at least technically, can print out money to pay for ...Government budget constraint is one of most certain means to fight time ...
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Does Uniform Wage Decline the Welfare in a Budget Constraint Mixed Market?
... In this paper, we explore the influence of union structure and wage pricing strategies on the welfare under a mixed oligopoly which has a public firm with budget constraint. We showed that, the total ...
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Bailouts in federations : is a hard budget constraint always best?
... In the policy literature, it seems to be widely assumed that, because of this common pool fiscal externality generated by a SBC, a hard budget constraint (HBC) for RGs is always desirable (Ter-Minassian ...
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Budget Constraint in Reforestation Meant for Minimizing Sediment Load at a Watershed Outlet
... Regions meant for reforestation can have sediment flow minimization among their environmental objectives. With decision criteria represented by raster maps, sets of cells to be reforested can be identified in order to ...
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Solid Transportation Problem Under Budget Constraint Using Fuzzy Measure
... a budget constraint at each ...fuzzy. Budget constraints at destinations are ...as constraint optimization programming problem in crisp and fuzzy ...fuzzy constraint is not well ...
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Optimization of a Dynamic Supply Chain Model with Budget Constraint
... suggest budget constraint to be added for the establishment of new facilities in each ...expansion budget is supplied by cumulative net profit after tax and stakeholders’ share ...expansion ...
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Wake up economists! Currency issuing central governments have no budget constraint
... is budget-constrained. Some economists revert to the budget-constraining logic of a gold standard when exchange rates were fixed and a nation‟s currency was convertible into a commodity of intrinsic ...is ...
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Investment decisions and the soft budget constraint: evidence from Hungarian manufacturing firms
... soft budget constraint: the absence of a significant relationship between investment and cash flow is likely to indicate that firms are subject to a soft budget constraint, since they have ...
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Monetary Budget Constraint and Its Missing Problems
... standard budget constraint, and called the latter the cash-in-advance constraint 27 ...cash-in-advance constraint from our budget constraint of the first basic-term (Equation ...
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The Soft Budget Constraint: An Institutionalist Approach
... In this paper, we tried to reconsider the concept of the BC in the light of an institutionalist approach. Kornai’s interpretation of the concept provides the basis of such an approach. He defines the BC as a conditional ...
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The costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint
... Despite the scarcity of funding for species conservation programs, estimation of the cost of threatened species programs occurs in only a few countries. This paper examines the reasons for the lack of species program ...
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Soft budget constraint and the parastatal sector
... soft budget constraints in the parastatal sector under an authoritarian regime, or under a systematically inefficient predatory ...the budget constraint might be achieved through ...
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SOLVING FUZZY SOLID TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM BASED ON EXTENSION PRINCIPLE WITH INTERVAL BUDGET CONSTRAINT
... Transportation models have wide applications in logistics and supply chain management for improving service and reduce the cost. We have developed the solution procedure for a fuzzy solid transportation problem with ...
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Budget constraint and vaccine dosing: a mathematical modelling exercise
... vaccination budget is constrained a 2- dose schedule for vaccination against rotavirus infection with the monovalent rotavirus vaccine would be expected to produce a larger reduction in disease events than a 3- ...
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The expenditure impacts of individual higher education institutions (HEIS) and their students on the Welsh economy : homogeneity or heterogeneity?
... The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In Section 2 we provide a brief overview of the Welsh higher education system and present key characteristics of individual Welsh HEIs – including their funding sources and ...
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A Small Open Economy with Heterogenous Agents Facing Interest Rate Ceilings on Loans
... a budget constraint where savings or debt are the mechanisms to smooth consumption in a incomplete asset market, where agents hold just savings or debt for the idiosyncratic risk; this approach follows the ...
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On the Sustainability of Current Account Deficits in Cameroon
... Equation (4) states that the present value of the economy's expected transfers to foreigners most equal the value of the economy's initial debt to them. In other words, the country's initial foreign obligations should be ...
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Estes_unc_0153D_19034.pdf
... 8.2 PSNR of all configuration and priority schemes contrasted to optical flow using the medium budget constraint on the Limitless 720p median flow clip.. 72.[r] ...
508
The expenditure impacts of individual higher education institutions (HEIS) and their students on the Northern Irish economy : homogeneity or heterogeneity?
... binding budget constraint of the Northern Ireland Assembly and deriving balanced expenditure multipliers reveals large differences in the net- expenditure impact of HEIs upon the Northern Irish economy, ...
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Sustainability of the Current Account: Evidence from Pakistan
... inter-temporal budget constraint or equivalently the current account is sustainable if the exports and imports are cointegrated and the estimated coefficient of M t (β) equals to ...
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