Demand for the currency
The Shadow Economy of Czech Republic and Tax Evasion: The Currency Demand Approach
... the Currency Demand ...money demand equation b) the calculation of the value of the shadow economy through the quantity theory of ...total currency held outside the banking system, the number ...
6
Underground economy estimates for non OECD countries using currency demand method, 1984 2005
... The paper estimates the size of underground economy induced by tax evasion for cross- section of non-OECD countries using currency demand method. Unlike previous studies which usually focus only on the tax ...
20
The demand for currency in Malta
... the demand for currency since cash-based transactions are harder to ...in currency demand in the post-war period, noticed that standard price and income variables did not have much explanatory ...
9
Turkish money demand, revisited: some implications for inflation and currency substitution under structural breaks
... Our estimation results reveal that the most significant alternative cost to demand for money is the depreciation rate of nominal exchange rate and such a finding brings up the importance[r] ...
27
The Size of Underground Economy in Albania
... the currency approach is correct only when the income elasticity of demand for money is ...of demand for money for a short time used to calculate the underground economy and whether it includes a ...
6
Euro Weakness in the Late Nineties
... the demand for euros would come from a ...the demand for the new currency and thus its immediate ...European currency lost nearly a third of its initial value against the US ...
8
Liquidity Risk in Albania
... higher demand of the banking sector for short-term funding in domestic and foreign currency was met by the reduction of liquid investments, credit lines received from parent banks, as well as liquidity ...
11
Diversified Currency Holdings and Exchange Rate Dynamics
... money demand when diversified currency holdings behavior exists, which further increase the extent of currency ...foreign currency holdings, (3) the NOEM model we used in this paper involved ...
12
The size of the underground economy in Japan
... the demand for currency ...in currency demand are the result of underground economies, this approach builds on the one by Gutmann ...the demand for currency equation and to ...
11
Economic Implications of International Tourism on Turkish Economy
... The macroeconomic effects of international tourism are a weightier consideration: these include foreign export demand for domestic goods and services, generating foreign currency earning[r] ...
23
Economic Sanctions, Speculative Attacks and Currency Crisis
... creating currency crisis have been investigated in Iranian economy during recent ...to currency crisis through trade barriers and restrictions on financial transactions and also speculative attacks can ...
16
Cross-border cattle marketing in Sub-Saharan Africa since 1990: geographical patterns and government induced change
... to currency exchange rates have especially influenced geographical patterns and volumes of cross-border cattle trade as has been illustrated by the temporary reversal of flows between Tanzania and Kenya in ...
22
Fall of Cryptocurrency
... In countries like India, which were combating the challenge to curb corruption, took a major step of demonetization. After this, it became difficult for India to consider the acceptance of cryptocurrency and it led to ...
6
China's Renminbi Currency Logistics Network: A Brief Introduction
... 1,775 currency issue related vaults, which are also internal distribution centers of the PBOC and are integrated on the same currency circu- lation management information system, Zhang ...enough ...
15
China's Renminbi Currency Logistics Network: A Brief Introduction
... 1,775 currency-related distribution ...enough currency to satisfy at least 24 months of currency issuing demand must be on stock at all times, though which levels of distribution this is ...
14
Economics of Regulation: Credit Rationing and Excess Liquidity
... than demand) rather than by commercial bank balances at the central bank; this is unlikely although it can be observed in a few ...contains currency and reserves in central bank of Jordan, issued ...
31
Volume 03 Issue 01: (2014) Jan.-Feb. 2014
... the demand for foreign currency and the interest rate abroad in the ...the demand for foreign currency, remittances and flexible exchange rates makes fiscal policy less effective than the ...
7
Tourism in Europe 1995
... Overview Scenario Private consumption expenditure Price levels and currency exchanges Demand Europe and the international tourism market Europe at regional level Mediterranean area Touri[r] ...
216
Ensuring exchange rate stability: Is return to gold (Dinar)possible?
... Any demand for foreign currencies that could not be met in the foreign exchange market at a rate within say ...the demand for any currency in the foreign exchange market always equaled its ...
22
Estimating the Black Economy through Monetary Approach: A Case Study of Pakistan
... are currency notes and demand deposits respectively, V and V’ are Velocities (or average turnover) of money respectively of currency notes and demand deposits, P is composite price index of ...
21