Elemental Carbon (EC)
Predicting ambient aerosol thermal–optical reflectance measurements from infrared spectra: elemental carbon
... Low EC are calibrated with a Low EC calibration and all other samples are calibrated with a calibration that spans the range of EC samples (a descrip- tion of steps for calibration are included in ...
11
Refractory black carbon mass concentrations in snow and ice: method evaluation and inter-comparison with elemental carbon measurement
... “black carbon” is often used without a clear def- inition of its meaning (Petzold et ...and carbon content, BC should be called “elemental carbon” ...quantify EC mass concentrations in ...
18
Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol
... organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, ...wide elemental carbon-to-total carbon variation by up to a factor of ...the EC mea- sured using different thermal evolution ...
11
Organic and Elemental Carbon in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter in an Animal Agriculture Intensive Area in North Carolina: Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon Concentrations
... as elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) ...[1]. Elemental carbon generates predomi- nantly from incomplete combustion process, and it has been used as a tracer for ...
12
Light-absorption of dust and elemental carbon in snow in the Indian Himalayas and the Finnish Arctic
... of elemental carbon (EC) that is instrumentally defined. EC is assumed to be the dominant light-absorbing component of BC, and often EC and BC are used interchangeably in ...
14
Evaluation of organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water soluble organic carbon concentration in PM2.5 in the ambient air of Sina Hospital district, Tehran, Iran
... determine elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) as more general indices of air ...quality. EC is an extremely polymerized black fraction that is refractory to oxidation at ...
7
Impact of the use of segregated streets in the elemental carbon concentrations in Santiago de Chile
... average EC concentration in four monitoring sites (Usach, Alameda, Recoleta and Providencia) allows determining whether there is an area with higher concentration in ...higher EC levels than Providencia, it ...
20
PM2.5-induced cardiovascular dysregulation in rats is associated with elemental carbon and temperature-resolved carbon subfractions
... and carbon monoxide), the minor components of particulate EC and of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (OC) have been linked to stimulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular ...
10
Evaluation of a two-step thermal method for separating organic and elemental carbon for radiocarbon analysis
... inally developed to minimize the charring artifact (Cachier et al., 1989) and from our tests it is clear that this approach is very successful for water insoluble compounds, but less successful for water soluble ...
13
Consistency of long-term elemental carbon trends from thermal and optical measurements in the IMPROVE network
... the EC trends. Envi- ronmental changes, probably due to changing EC emissions and year-to-year meteorological variability, are of larger in- fluence than measurement ...uncertainties. EC ...
10
Effects of neonatal inhalation exposure to ultrafine carbon particles on pathology and behavioral outcomes in C57BL/6J mice
... of EC alone to developmental neurotoxicity, spark discharge methods provide a reli- able and verifiable means of ultrafine exposure ...reference elemental carbon exposure concentration for humans, 5 ...
15
Air pollution exposure and lung function in highly exposed subjects in Beijing, China: a repeated-measure study
... protein; EC: elemental carbon; FDR: false discovery rate; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity; Fe: iron; FEF25-75%: forced expiratory flow 25%-75%; ICAM: ...
11
Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
... seriously underestimated the health risks compared to an assessment based upon elemental carbon [7]. There is also growing evidence of health effects related to ultrafine particles [8,9]. Finally, the ...
15
Inhalation of ultrafine carbon particles alters heart rate and heart rate variability in people with type 2 diabetes
... In otherwise healthy people with type 2 diabetes, we found that inhalation of elemental carbon UFP while resting caused a delayed increase in heart rate and a reduc- tion in HF HRV, in comparison with clean ...
9
Synergistic effect of co-exposure to carbon black and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on oxidative stress in cultured lung epithelial cells
... matter. Elemental carbon and transition metals are com- monly found in urban atmospheric ...8.7% elemental carbon and 14% tran- sition metal oxides, with the rest being mostly organic ...
13
Organic_Class_Notes (1)
... Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon and most carbon compounds. Elemental carbon is found in nature as a solid. However, this solid can make many different forms, such as diamond and ...
23
Catalytic oxidative chemical treatment for the removal of elemental mercury on carbon steel (SAE J429) surface
... There are few solution used in industry to solve mercury metal presence on material surface, mostly by using inorganic acid, but it reacts with the metal surface and became corrode. Recently, technologies claimed ...
30
Changes of humic acids structure on selected key monitoring localities of arable soils
... et al. 1995). Stevenson reported (Stevenson 1982) increase aromatic carbon and whole aromaticity of HA with increase humification processes. Also Olk et al. (1995) and Kacz- marek and Dziadowiec (1999) present, ...
5
Electrochemical Behaviors of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in LiPF6/EC+DMC Electrolyte
... of carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based electrode in Li-ion battery ...one-dimensional carbon materials with excellent electronic, mechanical and chemical properties, which are good candidates for electrode ...
9
Physical and chemical characterisation of PM emissions from two ships operating in European Emission Control Areas
... individual ships passing their on-shore measurement station in Göteborg (where maximum FSC of 1 % is mandatory). Compared to mean EF(PN) from measurements in 72 plumes from ships with medium-speed diesel engines ...
20