nucleotide substitution
Testing Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution Rates at Multiple Genes
... of nucleotide substitution rates has drawn a great deal of attention in the last two decades with the explosion of DNA sequence data available to ...of nucleotide substitution is essential ...
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A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen is associated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcription in vitro
... the nucleotide substitution can be better appreciated by comparing activities within ...the substitution effect ...no substitution effect, these three components should provide independent ...
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A single nucleotide substitution introduces a premature termination codon into the androgen receptor gene of a patient with receptor negative androgen resistance
... The nucleotide sequence of the entire coding region of the androgen receptor was determined in one of these ...single nucleotide substitution was identified that results in a premature termination ...
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Genome-Wide Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution Reveal Stringent Functional Constraints on the Protein Sequences of Thermophiles
... In certain comparisons, the ML method estimated times faster in nonthermophiles than in thermophiles. that multiple substitutions had occurred per site, espe- Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cially in ...
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Pattern of Nucleotide Substitution and Rate Heterogeneity in the Hypervariable Regions I and II of Human mtDNA
... of nucleotide substitution in the control region of human mtDNA, which is of central importance to the studies of human ...of substitution in HVRI is approximately twice as high as in HVRII and that ...
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High nucleotide substitution error frequencies in clonal pools of vesicular stomatitis virus.
... 2063 Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 2019 by guest Nucleotide substitution error frequencies were determined for several specific guanine base positions in the of clo[r] ...
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Evaluation of Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction Methods to Infer Nonstationary Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution
... the substitution process is ...of substitution counts for any branch under a nonstationary Markov ...of nucleotide substitutions recorded during simulation with the inference by different ...the ...
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The influence of secondary structure, selection and recombination on rubella virus nucleotide substitution rate estimates
... Additional file 1: Figure S1. Rubella virus genome organization. A schematic representation of the monopartite, linear rubella virus genome. The genome contains a 5 ’ -methylated nucleotide cap and a 3 ’ ...
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Comparing Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution Rates Among Chloroplast Loci Using the Relative Ratio Test
... While there is clearly a genome-wide increase in nonsynonymous substitution rate in the grass lineage (Table 1 ) , rejec- tion of the nonsynonymous relative ratio test is[r] ...
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Unique Temperature-Sensitive Defect in Vaccinia Virus Morphogenesis Maps to a Single Nucleotide Substitution in the A30L Gene
... The phenotype of a ts mutant can result from misfolding of the affected protein at the nonpermissive temperature, leading either to instability or to malfunction. The effect of the Ser-to- Phe substitution on the ...
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Experimental observations of rapid Maize streak virus evolution reveal a strand specific nucleotide substitution bias
... Figure 1 and 2 respectively show the positions of all of the mutations identified in the nine genome sequences from maize and the 17 genome sequences from sugarcane, while Additional files 1 and 2 respectively detail the ...
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Rates of Nucleotide Substitution and Mammalian Nuclear Gene Evolution: Approximate and Maximum-Likelihood Methods Lead to Different Conclusions
... synonymous substitution rates were positively correlated with GC content at the third codon positions, but independent of nonsynonymous substitution ...synonymous substitution rates were independent ...
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A nucleotide substitution in the gag N terminus of the endogenous ecotropic DBA/2 virus prevents Pr65gag myristylation and virus replication.
... Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the Emv-3 provirus with the sequence of the highly infectious Akv murine leukemia virus revealed three nucleotide differences within the gag codi[r] ...
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A single nucleotide substitution in the internal ribosome entry site of foot-and-mouth disease virus leads to enhanced cap-independent translation in vivo.
... Ribavirin cures cells of a persistent Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 9, 2019 by guest DISCUSSION In this report, we have shown that a point mutation in the IRES element [r] ...
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The impact of epigenetic factors on nucleotide substitution patterns in mammalian genomes
... for substitution rate heterogeneity between linkers and nucleosomes indicate th a t confounding evolutionary forces co-exist in most genomic sequences in ...of substitution spectra is readily explained by ...
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Patterns of Nucleotide Substitution in Mitochondrial Protein Coding Genes of Vertebrates
... Ndh5 were used for estimating branch lengths by the maxi- mum likelihood method; a general reversible model of nucle- otide substitution and gammadistributed substitution-[r] ...
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Molecular evolution of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase: nucleotide substitution and gene conversion.
... Correlation between the gene tree and the species tree: As with ribosomal gene families, the inability to observe ancient lineages of SSU genes within gene families b[r] ...
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Recurrent fatal hydrops fetalis associated with a nucleotide substitution in the erythrocyte beta spectrin gene
... Analysis of recombinant /3-spectrin peptides To further establish that the Providence mutation was directly responsible for the reduced self-association activity, normal ,628 and mutant [r] ...
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Estimation of AT and GC content distributions of nucleotide substitution rates in bacterial core genomes
... In a previous publication [15], we found an association between %GC (cgGC) of the core genome and %GC of substituted bases (sbGC, predominantly in SNPs, but re- ferred to as sbGC to account for non-removed recombined ...
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The Dynamics of Currency Substitution, Asset Substitution and De facto Dollarization and Euroization in Transition Countries
... (currency substitution) or a store of value substitute (asset substitution) for the monetary services of domestic ...currency substitution, often associated with the International Monetary Fund ...
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