polypurine tract
Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Protection of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B
... central polypurine tract in the HIV genome can reduce editing of viral DNA by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B downstream of the cPPT site, thereby protecting important HIV coding regions, notably in pol and in vif ...
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Abolishing HIV 1 infectivity using a polypurine tract specific G quadruplex forming oligonucleotide
... Previously, we described a novel mechanism of viral RNA genome cleavage mediated by the viral RT/RNase H in cell-free viral particles. The active compound, the oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) A, targets the sequence of the ...
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Efficient initiation and strand transfer of polypurine tract-primed plus-strand DNA prevent strand transfer of internally initiated plus-strand DNA.
... A critical step in retroviral reverse transcription is the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis at the polypurine tract (PPT) and strand transfer of the PPT-primed strong-stop DNA to the 5 * end of the ...
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Effect of Polypurine Tract (PPT) Mutations on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication: a Virus with a Completely Randomized PPT Retains Low Infectivity
... We introduced polypurine tract (PPT) mutations, which we had previously tested in an in vitro assay, into the viral clone NL4-3KFS ⌬ nef. Each mutant was tested for single-round infectivity and virion ...
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Mutations in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract (PPT) Reduce the Rate of PPT Cleavage and Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis
... DNAs produced by the double-PPT vectors. Retroviral vectors con- taining an additional PPT were constructed using a BspMI cassette- based cloning strategy (see the supplemental material). The vectors contained the ...
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Sequence and structural determinants required for priming of plus-strand DNA synthesis by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract.
... synthesis and are determined by the distance between the polymerase and RNase H active sites (1, 14, 16, 18, 19, 28, 30, 33, 36, 40, 51) or whether they are uncoupled from DNA synthesis (11) during reverse transcription ...
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Mutations of the RNase H C Helix of the Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase Reveal Defects in Polypurine Tract Recognition
... Both the RNase H domain of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and Escherichia coli RNase H possess a positively charged ␣ -helix (C helix) and a loop that are not present in the RNase H ...
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Compensatory Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Central Polypurine Tract Sequence in Kinetically Disrupted Reverse Transcription
... central polypurine tract (cPPT) facilitates efficient completion of kinetically disturbed proviral DNA synthesis induced by dysfunctional reverse transcriptase (RT) mutants or limited cellular ...
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Selection of Optimal Polypurine Tract Region Sequences during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Replication
... Retrovirus plus-strand synthesis is primed by a cleavage remnant of the polypurine tract (PPT) region of viral RNA. In this study, we tested replication properties for Moloney murine leukemia viruses with ...
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Deletion of a Short, Untranslated Region Adjacent to the Polypurine Tract in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Leads to Formation of Aberrant 5′ Plus-Strand DNA Ends In Vivo
... Experiments were performed to determine the function of a 28-nucleotide untranslated sequence lying between the envelope gene and the polypurine tract (PPT) sequence in the Moloney murine leukemia virus ...
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The HIV-1 Central Polypurine Tract Functions as a Second Line of Defense against APOBEC3G/F
... HIV-1 and certain other retroviruses initiate plus-strand synthesis in the center of the genome as well as at the standard retroviral 3 ⴕ polypurine tract. This peculiarity of reverse transcription results ...
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Impact of the Central Polypurine Tract on the Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vector Transduction
... central polypurine tract (cPPT) in HIV-1 vector constructs is known to enhance transduction efficiency drastically, reportedly by facilitating the nuclear import of HIV-1 cDNA through a central DNA ...
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein reduces reverse transcriptase pausing at a secondary structure near the murine leukemia virus polypurine tract.
... In earlier studies on in vitro minus-strand DNA synthesis with purified murine leukemia virus (MuLV) RTs, we (35) and others (73) showed that the RNase H domain facilitates pro- cessive DNA synthesis by stabilizing the ...
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Effects of Mutations in the G Tract of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract on Virus Replication and RNase H Cleavage
... the polypurine tract (PPT) primer during retroviral reverse transcription must be specific in order to create a linear viral DNA that is suitable for ...G tract). We introduced mutations into the G ...
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Molecular analysis of the function of direct repeats and a polypurine tract for plus-strand DNA priming in woodchuck hepatitis virus.
... Lanes 4 and 7 show the extended primer from reactions with virion DNA isolated from woodchuck 1451; lanes 5 and 6 show the extended primer from reactions with virion DNA isolated from He[r] ...
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A single-stranded gap in human immunodeficiency virus unintegrated linear DNA defined by a central copy of the polypurine tract.
... 1, Minus strongstop synthesis; 2, first minus-strand template transfer and plusstrand strong-stop synthesis, initiated at the 3' PPT; 3, progression of minus-strand synthesis and initiat[r] ...
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Polypurine tract adjacent to the U3 region of the Rous sarcoma virus genome provides a cis-acting function.
... Viral DNA clone 1090/-29, for example, refers to a v-src deletion that has lost the region from the Ball site 1,090 base pairs downstream from the EcoRI site in env to a Bal 31-created s[r] ...
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Annual surveys for point prevalence of healthcare associated infection in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China, 2012 2014
... Methods: We defined HAI using the criteria established by the Ministry of Health of the People ’ s Republic of China. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2012 to 2014. Inpatients who had been hospitalized ...
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Management of urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder: challenges and solutions
... Conclusion: Recently, several promising innovative options for UTI prophylaxis have been developed which may help overcome the current therapeutic dilemma. However, further well designed studies are necessary to evaluate ...
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Preferential Integration of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 into a Polypyrimidine/Polypurine-Rich Region within AAVS1
... pPy tract because the longest pPu tract on the nicked strand from bases 1 through 1200 is 8 ...pPy tract comprised of AAVS1 bases 1717 to 1737 (data not shown), which is in theory large enough to ...
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