Progressive Muscle Relaxation

A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Women at a Selected Hospital, Erode. Evaluative approach with pre-experimental design was used for this study where non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the samples. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 40 samples regarding the level of stress, anxiety and depression. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

randomly assigned to a standard care or intervention group. The intervention group received additional sessions of progressive muscle relaxation training using a prerecorded tape for 25 min/week during weeks 2–8. The study revealed that for anxiety, there was an overall significant improvement within each group over time (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant group-time interaction (p = 0.17) and no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.22), despite lower scores for every time point in the progressive muscle relaxation group. For depression, there was an overall significant improvement within each group over time (p < 0.0001). Although the difference between the groups (p = 0.09) and group-time interaction (p = 0.07) did not reach statistical significance, the results again favored the progressive muscle relaxation group for weeks 5–8.

From the present study it was found that, even though a good number of students had normal emotional states, most of the students’ experienced negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress categorized as mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe levels. The study suggests the potential benefits of progressive muscle relaxation training in reducing negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate nursing students. Progressive muscle relaxation technique is very effective in reducing depression, anxiety and stress among nursing students. After intervention most of the participants felt relaxed and reduced the severity of negative emotional states and returned to the normal state of emotion. When progressive muscle relaxation is practiced and incorporated into student’s daily routine, it would definitely help them to alleviate negative emotional states and better cope up with the daily hassles of academic life.

This research used music therapy in conjunction with progressive muscle relaxation. Music therapy was a ther- apy that could help in the healing process. Music that could be used in this therapy was a consistent and stable rhythm, dynamic, fun harmonious, regular rhythm with- out any sudden change [11]. The instrumental music of Peter Sterling’s “The Angels Gift” was one of the instru- mental music of the harp, flute, violin and soft orchestral strings that could stabilize blood pressure after being given for 25 min [12]. In the current studies, there had been no study that combined progressive muscle relaxation and music therapy (RESIK). Therefore, the researcher was motivated to explore the effect of progressive muscle relax- ation and music therapy (RESIK) to decreased blood pres- sure among older adults with hypertension. So this therapy could be one of alternatives that could be given to the older adults with hypertension.

Diagnosis and treatment of cancer creates many stress and noncompliance from the treatment due tremendous side effects of the chemotherapy, so the investigator viewed to reduce the levels of side effects and promote the treatment regimen. The investigator reviewed may literature to support and extend the knowledge in regards with controlling the side effects. Anxiety, nausea and vomiting is one of the primary concern of oncology patients during and after the chemotherapy and its management is essential for improving the quality of life and promote sense of well being. Progressive muscle relaxation can be an effective non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce the above mentioned side effects. In addition to many beneficial effects of progressive muscle relaxation on the human body.

Background: The altered stress reactivity in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may constitute a link between depression, overweight, and cardiovascular risk factors. Aims: To study the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of PCOS patients and their influence on the cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects and Methods: This prospective pilot project was conducted on 100 PCOS patients in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal, after receiving approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee and informed consent of the subjects. The stress levels were assessed and conventional autonomic function tests and the lipid profi les were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups using an online randomizer. One group received medication, while the other group received medication and practiced progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for three months. All parameters were re-evaluated at the end of three months. Results: The perceived stress scale was significantly less in subjects practicing relaxation exercises, as compared to subjects only on medication. The waist/hip ratio, pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower, while there was no difference in the body mass index (BMI) and diastolic blood pressure. Results of the autonomic function tests showed a significant parasympathetic tilt in subjects practicing PMR. In patients with PCOS, who were on PMR, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‑density cholesterol (LDL) were significantly lower and high‑density cholesterol HDL was significantly higher. Conclusions: PCOS patients are a high‑risk group for developing the metabolic syndrome and relaxation therapies may be recommended as an adjuvant therapy, to tilt the autonomic balance to parasympathetic dominance, to improve the cardiovascular profile.

The unpaired “t” test to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post test level of pain among mothers undergone the caesarean section on 1 st day the “t” value is 9.2 and p value is p < 0.000. Comparatively on the 3 rd day the “t” value is 11.3 and p value is p < 0.000. Hence it is interpreted the p value is highly significant and the progressive muscle relaxation technique was more effective.

Students are in such a competitive busy world that they have to struggle with lot of stressors in their daily life. The present study focused on the importance and effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation for students to reduce their academic stress. Academic stress inventory scale was used 60 students were selected. The result of the study revealed that progressive muscle relaxation is significantly effective for reducing academic stress of students. The findings of the present study showed a significant decrease in the post-intervention health related stress scores (t=37.68, p<0.05). These findings are supported by other study findings where PMR training was effective in the reduction of symptoms of stress (t= -4.248, p<0.001) and perceived stress (p<0.001).

Data collection was done using the self administered questionnaire. The contents of the tool were checked and evaluated by seven experts. The experts were two doctors specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and five nursing experts in obstetrics and gynecology. Pre test was done on day ‘1’ (1 week before the menstruation) mild and moderate levels of premenstrual syndrome girls were selected. Followed by demonstration and practice of Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise for a period of 30 days was given. Post test was done on day ‘30’and data were collected.

adopted for this study. Two old age homes were selected, Inba Illam for experimental group and Christian Seva Sangh old age home for control group. The elderly people were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained from the elderly people prior to the data collection procedure after explaining the nature and purpose of the study. Purposive sampling was used for this study. A total of 60 samples, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group were selected. Insomnia screening tool used to screen sleep problems among the elderly. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale was used to measure the subjective sleep quality and Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale was used to measure daytime sleepiness of elderly. Approximately 20 minutes was taken to do the complete assessment of each individual. In the 1 st week of data collection, pretest was done for the first two days. The elderly with sleep problems were selected for the intervention. After pretest assessment progressive muscle relaxation technique was demonstrated through video presentation for the male elderly person and female elderly person separately. Followed by this the procedure was demonstrated to each individual separately. The researcher developed a good rapport with the elderly people. The elderly in the experimental were instructed and motivated to do PMRT twice a day, once in the morning and evening for 15 days. It took an average of 30 to 45 minutes for each session.

Youngshin Kim, (2008) study was to investigate the effects of two music therapy approaches, improvisation-assisted desensitization, and music-assisted progressive muscle relaxation and imagery on ameliorating the symptoms of music performance anxiety (MPA) among student pianists. Thirty female college pianists were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: All participants received 6 weekly music therapy sessions according to their assigned group. Two lab performances were provided; one before and one after the 6 music therapy sessions, as the performance stimuli for MPA. Participants' finger temperatures were also measured. When results of the music- assisted PMR and imagery condition were compared from pretest to posttest, statistically significant differences occurred in 6 out of the 7 measures—MPA, tension, comfort, STAI, MPAQ, and finger temperature, indicating that the music-assisted PMR and imagery treatment was very successful in reducing MPA. For the improvisation- assisted desensitization condition, the statistically significant decreases in tension and STAI, with increases in finger temperature indicated that this approach was effective in managing MPA to some extent.

Schneider. R. H, et al., (2005) conducted a study to assess the effects of progressive relaxation training in stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year in Maharishi University of Management, USA. Interventions included 20 min twice a day of progressive muscle relaxation classes. All subjects continued usual medical care. Outcomes assessed were systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. This study showed that a selected stress reduction approach, the progressive muscle relaxation program, may be useful as an adjunct in the long term treatment of hypertension in African Americans.

The effectivity of progressive muscle relaxation in improving sleep quality is explained in several mechanisms. Progressive muscle relaxation could give a relaxation effect through distraction of attention and sensation of systemic tension and relaxation of the muscle (Bernstein et al., 2000). It also induces deep relaxation by reducing the electrical activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (Kobayashi & Koitabashi, 2016). This relaxation would decrease anxiety and depression as well as relieving insomnia symptom (Wolkove et al., 2007).

Deepika. K., et al., (2008) conducted a study on the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Totally 59 patient who was dialyzed at the dialysis unit at a centre in northern India were selected for this study. The patients were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. The experimental group were trained in progressive muscle relaxation for a session and were advised to practice for 2 weeks, with the help of audio CD and printed instruction booklet. Control group received the standard routine care. The outcome has been measured through the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The result showed that 98% of patients had major anxiety. Significant decrease anxiety was found the experimental group than the control group after one week and after 2 weeks. Thus the study concluded that the progressive muscle relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety of hemodialysis patients.

while in control group the total anticipatory vomiting experience mean was (0.47+1.22).The frequency of acute vomiting in acupressure group's children was significantly decreased among children in acupressure group compared to PMRT group and control group where (F =6.174, P =0.003). While children in PMRT groups and acupressure group significantly experienced a less frequent delayed vomiting that occurred during the first day after chemotherapy administration compared to control group where ( F= 10.081, P= 0.001). Table (5) showed a comparison of the relaxation state of the studied children before and after progressive muscles relaxation session. It was observed that before the relaxation session, (80%, 60%) of children felt generally tension throughout their bodies. Then the percentage was reduced to (53.3%, 46.7%) after performing progressive muscle relaxation technique among the studied children within the first two days of intervention respectively. A statistically significant difference was found before and after the intervention where (z = 2.828, p =0.005). The difference was statistically significant before and after the relaxation sessions from third and fourth days where (z =3.464, p=0.001) and (z=2.828, p =0.005) respectively. The same results were observed during the fifth,

Background: Diabetes Melilltus (DM) is one serious chronic illness. The proportion of incident type 2 diabetes is 95% of the population of DM in the world. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia showed an increase of 1.1% in 2007 to 2.1% of the population of DM in 2013, and the most cas- es are Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Management of blood sugar levels can be conducted of phar- macologic and nonpharmacologic. One of nonpharmacologic therapy is a complementary the- rapy. Progressive muscle relaxation is part of a of complementary therapy which is a mind- body therapy. Objective: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation of the blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Quasi experiment with pre- and posttest randomized control group design, consisting of 48 samples, 24 samples 24 samples of the treatment group and the control group. Subjects treated group guided progressive muscle relaxation exercises 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 25 - 30 minutes in one workout. Subjects of the control group gave breathing exercises. Results: There were significant differences between the average blood sugar levels type 2 diabetes patients in the the treatment group and the control group, with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The progressive muscle relaxation is effective to reduce blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes at Dr. Salamun Hospital and Advent Hospital in Ban- dung.

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) introduced by Edmund Jacobson in 1938 in the United States is one of the special techniques designed to help relieve muscle tension that occurs when conscious. The results of research conductedby (Tobing, Keliat, & Wardhani, 2014) require more than half (50%) of those who undergo training to experience changes to not insomnia. This is in line with research conducted by Kallo the effect of PMR on changes in Insomnia levels in the elderly at Manado Werda Home (Kallo, 2015).

Cancer is the second most serious health problem and the second leading cause of death in human. The cancer patient undergoing treatment experiences Physical and Psychological problem. The physical problems, like hair loss, nausea and vomiting and initial diagnostic phase can be very stressful. The cancer patient undergoing treatment experiences a psychological distress including anger, anxiety, sadness, fear, stress, feeling out of control, feelings of depression, impairment of rs, mental and cognitive reservation and psychiatric disorders. In India the cancer patient undergoing treatment were having the depressive disorders 4.5%, anxiety disorders 3%, stress disorder 4% in total population. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is help to reduce the stress, anxiety and depression among cancer patient to promote general wellbeing. A study to assess Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Stress, Anxiety and Depression Treatment in Puducherry Cancer Trust Hospital and Research The Research design chosen for this study was Quasi – Experimental Design . The study conducted in selected Hospital at Puducherry. e population includes the patient undergoing cancer treatment are taken as population and out of that 60 patients were selected for this study. The sampling technique used for this study is Simple nd Percentage distribution are used to test level of stress, anxiety and depression among patients, Wilcoxon Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique , Anxiety and Depression among patients and Chi-square test to associate the level of Stress, Anxiety and Depression with the selected demographic variables of Patient Undergoing Cancer License, which permits unrestricted use,

According to above discussions, there is a direct interaction between anxiety and pain [14-15] so that controlling one of them can largely affect the other one. Therefore, non-medical approaches could be adopted to control anxiety [43]. Progressive muscle relaxation is a technique proposed to reduce patients’ anxiety [20-21]. It is a non-medical intervention used to mitigate stress, tension, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and pain [22, 23]. The aim of this intervention is to make the patient aware of stress and relaxation of muscles and to teach a technique by which all muscles can be relaxed [24]. It can be used both as a part of therapeutic programs or as an independent technique. No body motor, applying control on the concentrated region, decreased muscle strength and educating a special framework of mind which is called pondering, non-judgmental and mindfulness are the properties of progressive muscle relaxation technique [25]. As it was mentioned before, it is a non-aggressive and low-cost technique with no side effect, which can be independently executed by the patient himself/herself [26, 27] following a brief training [28]. The training includes exercises by which the selected muscle groups are tensed until achieving deep relaxation and then are released. This process increases blood flow, improves blood distribution between organs, and mitigates muscular stress and tension. This is associated with decreased anxiety [29, 30].

The present study aimed at finding the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on depression in women diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome. 30 individuals were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in the study. The present study showed that clinical signs of PCOS were most closely associated with psychological distress which has important implications in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders. 24 Out of 30 females, 67% females