Rain Gauges
Extreme Rainfall Event Analysis Using Rain Gauges in a Variety of Geographical Situations
... In Piedmont, around the town of Turin, a set of meteorological stations, managed by ARPA Piemonte, are in- stalled. They are equipped with a set of different sensors including rain gauges. Measured data are ...
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Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study
... moving rain gauges with windscreen wipers as sensors to detect ...conventional rain gauge network and with several dynamic networks consisting of moving motor- cars, using different assumptions such ...
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Performance of post-processing algorithms for rainfall intensity using measurements from tipping-bucket rain gauges
... We compare and discuss in this paper the performance of different post-processing algorithms employed in the cal- culation of the rainfall intensity from tipping-bucket rain gauges. Data recorded at a field ...
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Rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – laboratory experiments
... and rain intensity are the critical factors in estimating the rainfall for low intensities (Lanza et ...weighing rain gauges, as the reference for field ...
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A comparative analysis of the precipitation extremes obtained from tropical rainfall-measuring mission satellite and rain gauges datasets over a semiarid region
... (a) Climatological mean total precipitation (mm), (b) mean number of wet days (day/season), (c) mean wet-day intensity (mm/day) based on winter season (DJF) of the entire time period (2[r] ...
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Quantitative comparison of radar QPE to rain gauges for the 26 September 2007 Venice Mestre flood
... The quantification of the uncertainty in the radar-derived QPE is extremely difficult, especially for exceptional and therefore rare precipitation intensities like those presented for this case. Statistically, a spread ...
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Rain Gauge Station Network Design for Hormozgan Province in Iran
... Peters-Lidard (1998) used statistical methods to determine the number of rain gauges in an area. The use of such methods first requires criteria against which the network density can be tested. For some ...
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Evaluation of TRMM rainfall estimates over a large Indian river basin (Mahanadi)
... on rain and snowfall are indispensable for model calibration, simulation, and ...world, rain gauge data are difficult to access for technical and/or administrative ...of rain gauges and/or ...
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Throughfall and soil properties in shaded and unshaded coffee plantations and a secondary forest: a case study from Southern Colombia
... when rain gauges were placed in the co ff ee inter- ...the rain to pass through ...annual rain- fall exceeds evapotranspiration, same as in the present ...
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Comparing network design approaches in areal rainfall estimate of Nigeria river basins
... World Meteorological Organisation (WMO, 1965) set standard for minimum number of gauge stations in a network for accurate measurement of rainfall in a catchment. When such standards are not met as in most catchments in ...
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Temporal and spatial scale and positional effects on rain erosivity derived from point scale and contiguous rain data
... of rain gauge measurements and radar mea- surements, including all subsequent data manipulation ...(e.g. rain gauge height and diameter are usually defined) but differ from country to ...similar rain ...
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Geostatistical upscaling of rain gauge data to support uncertainty analysis of lumped urban hydrological models
... the rain gauge ...the rain gauge ...bucket rain gauges range from errors due to wind, wetting, evaporation, and splashing (Fankhauser, 1998; Sevruk and Hamon, 1984) to errors due to its ...
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Rainfall disaggregation for hydrological modeling: is there a need for spatial consistence?
... The parameterization was carried out by a split sampling technique with a calibration and validation period for each catchment. The results for Reckershausen, Pionierbrücke and Tetendorf are shown in Figs. 6, 8 and 9 for ...
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An assessment of moisture induced damage in Blickling Hall in Norfolk, England, via environmental monitoring
... In the last few decades, extreme weather events mostly characterized by more intense and frequent precipitation and wind incidents have risen, and current climatic projections strongly suggest that this trend will keep ...
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Radars, an alternative in hydrological modeling. Lumped model
... the rain gauges operated by the Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México (SACM), as well as data estimated from radar records for rainfall and runoff at the watershed outlet at the time the study took ...
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Space-Time Characterization of Rainfall Field in Tuscany
... It should be noted that the daily ACR evaluated over relatively large areas never presents the peak of daily cumulative rainfall values observed by some rain gauges, which are essentially punctual ...
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Investigating rainfall estimation from radar measurements using neural networks
... In continuation of answering the previous question, the neural networks were trained and tested using rain gauges and radar measurements up to different heights (4 km to 9 km). Table 3 shows the results of ...
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Variation of Precipitation Gradient in Mountain Areas Based on the Example of the Western Beskids in the Polish Carpathians
... The results obtained in the Wilkówka Stream valley (Figure 2 B) did not show a regular increase in precipitation with the elevation over the entire length of the profile. That profile is oriented in the SW-NE direction, ...
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Assessment of spatial uncertainty of heavy rainfall at catchment scale using a dense gauge network
... dense rain-gauge networks for studying rainfall uncertainty and ...150 rain gauges, WegenerNet (WEGN), we as- sess the spatial uncertainty in observed heavy rainfall ...of gauges required to ...
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Back to basics: measuring rainfall at sea Part 1 in situ sensors
... of rain rate. This is because the rain rate and radar reflectivity (the parameter measured) are related to the drop size distribution (DSD) through different expressions (Spilhaus, ...heavier rain ...
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