[PDF] Top 20 Comparative Error Analysis of Dialog State Tracking

... the analysis at this point is incomplete, one immediate observation is that no one approach is universally superior to other approaches with re- spect to the performance metric 1-best joint goal ...efficient ... See full document

... We report the joint goals and requests accuracy (all goals or requests are correct in a turn) ac- cording to the DSTC2 featured metric (Hender- son et al., 2014a). We train each configuration 10 times with different ... See full document

... spoken dialog systems (SDSs) with which a user interacts through natural speech has been widely used in human-computer ...However, error-prone automatic speech recognition (ASR) results usually lead to ... See full document

... The dialog state tracker (DST) is the most cru- cial component for addressing these ...conversation state, based on the previ- ous interaction history, so that the conversational agent may choose the ... See full document

... Dialog state tracking is important because spo- ken dialog systems rely on it to choose proper actions as spoken dialog systems interact with ...the dialog man- ager to maintain ... See full document

... to dialog state track- ing synthesize information across multi- ple turns in the dialog, overcoming some speech recognition ...a dialog state tracker, there is typically only a small ... See full document

... After tracker outputs are generated based on the sampling results, they are scored using evaluation tools provided by the DSTC organizers. Several metrics are evaluated, including precisions, ROC performance, etc. ... See full document

... flat dialog context of user and agent turns [U] and [A] to predict carryover for every slot in the state, we explored hierarchi- cal context encoder with an utterance-level LSTM over each user and agent ... See full document

... spoken dialog systems, statistical state tracking aims to improve robustness to speech recognition errors by tracking a posterior distribution over hidden dialog ...how state ... See full document

... task-oriented dialog system (Singh et ...A dialog policy is formulated as a Partially Observ- able Markov Decision Process (POMDP) which models the uncertainty existing in both the users’ goals and the ... See full document

... spoken dialog systems, statistical state tracking aims to improve robustness to speech recognition errors by tracking a posterior distribution over hidden dialog ...discriminative ... See full document

... belief tracking is known to be im- portant in allowing statistical dialog sys- tems to manage dialogs in a highly robust manner, until recently little attention has been given to analysing the behaviour of ... See full document

... the dialog (Young et ...recognition error in- stead (Williams and Young, ...alog state inference methods is the ability to exploit the information lower down from ASR N-best lists by aggregating weak ... See full document

... Based on these results we deduce two conclu- sions. First, strong performance of IBM indep uniform 1-best system compared to the 1-best baseline sys- tem suggests that the main added value of our tracker in this domain ... See full document

... It is well-known in machine learning that a sys- tem trained on data from one domain may not per- form as well when deployed in a different domain. Researchers have investigated methods for mitigat- ing this problem, ... See full document

... 5.2 Discussions on the ROC Performance Besides the hypothesis accuracy, another impor- tant issue will be the ability of the beliefs to dis- criminate between correct and incorrect hypothe- ses. Williams (2012) suggests ... See full document

... Spoken dialog systems, a field rapidly growing with the spread of smart mobile devices, has to deal with challenges to become a primary user in- terface for natural interaction using ...the state of the ... See full document

... In fact, such limitations can be improved by adopting a discriminative approach, which enables the incorporation of a rich set of features without worrying about their interdependence (Sutton and McCallum, 2006). For ... See full document

... A dialog manager is one of the key components of a dialog system, which aims at determining the system actions to generate appropriate responses to ...a dialog in a more natural and effective man- ... See full document

... alternative dialog plan (note that this strat- egy is only available at certain points in the dia- log); YouCanSay – the system gives an example of what the user could say at this point in the dialog; ... See full document