[PDF] Top 20 Dynamic Evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathogenic Factor, Nef

... within Nef sequences from a single patient at a single time point to be of interest, (ii) we consider variation in Nef sequences from a single patient at different time points to be potentially significant, ... See full document

... mary HIV-1 in lymphoid tissues, demonstrating the impact of CXCR4 specificity on pathogenicity. Together, these findings provide strong evidence that the acquisition of CXCR4 specificity in vivo directly ... See full document

... The nef gene products encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodefi- ciency virus type 1 (SIV-1) increase viral ... See full document

... major factor in the decline of viremia early after the primary infection (7, 39, ...choriomeningitis virus infection of mice vaccinated against only two dominant CTL epitopes ... See full document

... including human immunodefi- ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1), are characterized by the presence of a number of accessory genes in addition to the prototypic gag, pol, and env reading frames ... See full document

... A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque monkeys ... See full document

... that Nef is not a common mediator of the rate of HIV-1 disease ...defective nef genes in HIV-1 infection has been in- vestigated in only a relatively small number of infected sub- ...primary ... See full document

... that Nef activities probably vary depending on the stage of ...of Nef appears to be lost in immuno- suppressed pediatric and late-stage AIDS patients (4, 15, 25, 46) and varies according to the breadth of ... See full document

... The nef gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) is unique to primate lentiviruses, having no ... See full document

... protein Nef, a myristoylated 27- to 32-kDa protein that is expressed early in the replication ...simian immunodeficiency virus strains lacking functional nef genes fail to replicate to high ... See full document

... its pathogenic effects, whereas HIV-1 variation may account for differential virulence and disease ...and virus-inhibitory CD8 1 T-cell responses in our cohort of long-term survivors, the ... See full document

... negative factor of HIV-1 replication (3, 54, 63), Nef was shown to be required for opti- mal HIV and SIV infectivity in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo (4, 9, 18, 28, 37, 39, 40, 46, 47, ...by ... See full document

... IIIB virus had recovered the ability to replicate in vivo through passage in the infected laboratory worker, it had not regained corresponding pathogenic ...the nef gene can function as a ... See full document

... 225 Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 2019 by guest The evolution of an 851-bp segment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 genome encoding the nef open rea[r] ... See full document

... from virus producer cells (data not ...from nef-defective virions exhibited decreased amounts of all three of the major phosphoserine-specific pep- tides ...contrast, Nef did not influence the ... See full document

... the Nef-associated kinase identify it as a member of the PAK ...and human PAK1 (10a) (GenBank accession number U24152), predominantly ex- pressed in brain; (ii) human PAK65 (37), human PAK2 ... See full document

... using nef-deleted viruses (to allow adequate and consistent measurement of inhibition) dis- cordant for ...to Nef, Vpr did not impair the ability of CTL to suppress viral replication ... See full document

... of virus entry has also been studied FIG. 4. Nef enhances the infectivity of HIV-1 particles pseudotyped with the receptor for an avian ...(A) Nef does not affect the incorporation of Tva into ... See full document

... consensus nef alleles were cloned in a bicistronic expression vector containing nef followed by GFP under the control of an internal ribosome entry site IRES element ...the Nef proteins are expressed ... See full document

... D nef in various immortalized cell ...a nef mutant virus (HIV D nef) carrying a frameshift mutation in the nef gene (see Materials and Methods) and the wild-type virus ... See full document