[PDF] Top 20 The evolution of host defence when parasites impact reproduction

... different host characteristics, starting with ...three defence mechanisms for high lifespans (low death ...case, evolution will lead to the host either maximizing or minimizing avoidance ... See full document

... Darker squares indicate a higher proportion of the population with the corresponding transmission coefficient β, and the dashed line marks the point where evolution drives the population to switch to an attractor ... See full document

... the host evolves, we consider the mutant’s fitness, defined to be the long-term exponential growth rate of the mutant in the current environment (Metz et ... See full document

... for reproduction) that is thought to help the animal recover from infection (Hart, 1988; Aubert, 1999; Dantzer, ...in host behaviour ...possibility: parasites manipulate the release of factors ... See full document

... protozoan parasites offers novel therapeutic tools to treat some of the most serious infectious diseases of humans, companion animals, wildlife, and ...and defence in multicellular organisms, its occurrence ... See full document

... classic parasites, and clearly recovery may not lead to complete restoration of repro- ...constitutive defence and no variability in the ...significant impact on their ...constitutive defence ... See full document

... sexual reproduction (Jaenike, 1978; Salathe´ et al, ...the host system, and host proteins that recognize parasite and initiate an immune response against ...that parasites might have lost the ... See full document

... comparable impact on honeybees, in part because varroa only recently adapted from its original host, the Asian honeybee ...naïve host with inadequate innate ...several host defense mechanisms ... See full document

... single host and a single parasite species (for an overview see Moore 2002; Combes ...most host species are affected by multiple parasite species (Petney and Andrews 1998; Read and Taylor 2001; Martens and ... See full document

... The impact of most microbial parasites on bee health has like- wise remained ...in host tissues, the measur- able criteria for individual bees could include longevity, adult weight and the ability to ... See full document

... Haemoproteus parasites may not be particularly costly for their red crossbill ...do impact the severity of acute infections, they do not appear to underlie the spring shift from latent to active infections ... See full document

... Overall, the DK1 lineage accumulated 1.3 SNPs/year, and the relative rates of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution (dN/dS ⫽ 0.56) implied that the long-term evolution of the DK1 lineage was dominated by ... See full document

... produce parasites expressing two distinct CLAG3 paralogs with separate epitope ...the host membrane when expression is driven under the msp2 promoter or when two isoforms are produced with an ... See full document

... haemosporidian parasites separating mammal and sauropsid hosts, sug- gests that parasites of these two vertebrate groups evolved ...of parasites, except for ...although host shifts occurred ... See full document

... Apart from their pro-inflammatory actions, mast cells have an impressive capacity to downregulate immunological responses; for example by releasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [28]. Another anti-inflammatory ... See full document

... official defence policy began in the USA during the Cold ...the evolution of military Keynesianism and Keynesian theory itself, is the concept of economic (business) ...the defence sector dependence ... See full document

... fluorescent when it binds to DNA but it is not cell permeable and is therefore only fluorescent and clearly visible in cells with compro- mised ...dead parasites and dead culture cells was easily observed ... See full document

... ROM(KD) parasites had defects in adhesion to healthy cells, whereas adhesion to apoptotic cells was com- parable to levels seen in the parent G3 ...ROM(KD) parasites, with ...ROM(KD) parasites. The ... See full document

... 1990s when several Chinese scientists’ papers introduced the concept and impact of IAS that the government and the public began to take actions to deal with the problem of ...the impact of IAS had ... See full document

... Few studies explore the evolution of repeated sequences over long periods of time. In the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, it has been shown that the majority of the re- peats found are ancient and likely to derive ... See full document