[PDF] Top 20 Interleukin-16 Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry and Replication in Macrophages and in Dendritic Cells

... antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is still ...monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells determined by the levels of viral RNA transcripts or of viral reverse transcriptase in culture ... See full document

... and dendritic cells are known to play an important role in the establishment and persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ...of virus replication in reservoir ... See full document

... against human immunodeficiency virus ...HIV type 1-infected individuals ...mononuclear cells (PBMC) as ...HIV replication in CD4 ⫹ T ...and dendritic cells ... See full document

... other cells could also be involved. The ability to increase HIV replication is not unique to FDCs, as dendritic cells have also been shown to increase HIV production by CD4 ⫹ T cells ... See full document

... vivo, dendritic cells activate T cells by costimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 through a cell contact-de- pendent ...the virus spreads throughout the body. Our findings with the ... See full document

... approximately 1% ...gastrointestinal macrophages (32) or mac- rophages at sites of microbial infection ...cell type in the central nervous system (11, 13, ... See full document

... these cells to support HIV-1 replication ...the virus and spread it in an infectious form, contrasting in this way with other HIV-1 target cells, like CD4 ⫹ T lymphocytes or ... See full document

... for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), their presence in the urogenital mucosa gives rise to the possibility that DC are involved in sexual transmission of HIV ... See full document

... infectious virus. For PCR, DNA was extracted from cells on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 following HHV-6 infection by using a kit as recommended by the manufacturer (Stratagene, La Jolla, ...for 1 min ... See full document

... that entry into the host cell is not affected in the first cycle of infection and indicating that reverse transcription is not blocked upon Fc␥R ...5 cells/well) were ... See full document

... rat cells can support substantial early HIV-1 gene expression, but only macrophages and microglia support sig- nificant expression of late, fully processed HIV-1 gene prod- ...HIV-1 ... See full document

... after human immu- nodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of primary macrophages in vitro and is present in plasma and tissues of patients with ...that human ... See full document

... simplex virus (HSV), and especially HSV type 2, represents one of the most widely spread pathogen causing genital ulcer disease ...the virus with access to a large number of CD4- positive ... See full document

... The role of PI3-kinase signal transduction in HIV infection has not been fully studied. PI3-kinases are a cellular family of heterodimeric enzymes that consist of a regulatory subunit (p85) activated by tyrosine ... See full document

... HIV-1 entry into DCs occurs pri- marily through endocytosis rather than ...but inhibits viral fusion ...and replication in ...target cells, independent of C-type lectins, ... See full document

... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene transcription is governed by a complex interplay between chromatin-associated proviral DNA, host cell proteins, and the ... See full document

... THP-1 cells per ...primary macrophages and activated some but repressed other differentiation markers on THP-1 cells (Table ...THP-1 cells with PMA, a potent inducer of ... See full document

... of macrophages by HIV-1 Tat and that IL-8 had either no effect or a modest inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication (10, 32, ...by macrophages in re- sponse to HIV-1 and by ... See full document

... quiescent cells reverse transcription cannot be completed and short viral DNA transcripts result (63, ...nondividing macrophages could be productively infected by HIV-1 and thus were capable of ac- ... See full document

... Dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) are spe- cialized cells in mucosa and skin that are among the first leukocytes to encounter antigens and migrate to the lymph nodes to elicit ... See full document