[PDF] Top 20 Predicting the Spelling Difficulty of Words for Language Learners

... the spelling difficulty and the other features only have insignificant ...longer words are more likely to produce mis- spellings is not ...the spelling data with respect to the word ...a spelling ... See full document

... new language are merging, and ...where language learners, find difficulty in pronouncing the native like pronunciation, when they hear an unfamiliar sound and try to fit it with a sound in the ... See full document

... major language skills. Writing is one of those basic skills and learners often face difficulty to master in and commit errors in this skill, especially in the area of ...spelling. ... See full document

... spoken language may seem effortless for native ...into words and phrases, and integrated into a coherent meaning ...second language (L2) listening ...L2 learners tend to have great ... See full document

... many spelling mistakes in their ...second/foreign language may encounter them difficult to write a research proposal for thesis also that is might their first experience as an ...second language, ... See full document

... between words before and after correction. Then, candidate words are of- ten re-ranked or filtered using a language ...of spelling correction as preprocessing based on edit ...with ... See full document

... ESL/EFL learners are influenced by their particular mother ...Chinese language is a character based script that employs the visual route in its writing system (Cook, 1997) whereas other languages such as ... See full document

... We used two methods for assessing how well our classi- fier generalizes beyond the Web training data. First, we applied 10-fold cross-validation on the Web corpus (Kohavi 1995). This chooses ten random partitions for ... See full document

... We measured the performance of each method in terms of the mean squared error on the unseen test documents. We tested the following three con- ditions: length-based features only (LEN), word- usage features only ... See full document

... In this paper we introduce Translation Dif- ficulty Index (TDI), a measure of diffi- culty in text translation. We first de- fine and quantify translation difficulty in terms of TDI. We realize that any mea- sure ... See full document

... For simplicity, we assume that for one learner u ∈ U and word v ∈ V pair, there exists only one label y. This restriction enables us to depict the data set in a matrix form, as shown in Figure 1. The rows of the matrix ... See full document

... The difficulty of a C-test gap is determined by a combination of many ...gap difficulty: i) problems related to the solution such as spelling, phonetic difficulties and morphological derivation, ii) ... See full document

... Prior researches have checked the impacts of ER on EFL reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. Bell (2001) carried out a two-semester study on young adult stu- dents at the elementary level in Yemen to compare the ... See full document

... with language teachers at several ...second language (L2) at different levels on the CEFR scale, ranging from A1 to C2, (Little, ...contexts: Language tests: In the testing context, the stu- dents ... See full document

... the spelling normalization for the full corpus, and built new translation ...no spelling correction (for the training cor- pus or the test sets); in S1, the spelling corrections is applied to all ... See full document

... and language therapy, and medication as treatment strategies for ADHD in children and young people (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), ... See full document

... In a work closer to our method, Wu et al. (2010) adopts the noise channel model, a frame- work used both in spell checkers and machine translation systems. The system combined statis- tic-based method and template ... See full document

... measure language learners’ test performance more accurately, contributing to much fairer ...Iranian language learners’ performance on cloze-elide test as an innovative, integrative test ... See full document

... these learners as being ‘Three Dimensional Visual Thinkers’ ...are learners who think with the mental picture of concepts and ideas (Davis, 1994, ...of words to describe ... See full document

... English language as a medium of instruction and inadequate instructional resources has been reported as important challenge to science teaching and learning in Ghanaian schools as observed by the ...official ... See full document