[PDF] Top 20 Quantifying Differences in the Tempo of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Evolution

... each subtype was infor- mative—even though the sequences used were not from the same patients for pol and env, the results were similar—and that our method can efficiently separate dN and dS contribu- tions to the ... See full document

... Although the constituents of an effective vaccine immuno- gen remain elusive, the results of this study suggest greater importance of some rather than other viral proteins in eliciting suppressive, if not protective, ... See full document

... on subtype B Nef during the 50 to 70 years of the protein’s existence (32, ...Fig. 1, they exhibit significant variability in at least one of the ... See full document

... molecular evolution of existing subtypes and identification of new CRFs, as well as ...B subtype is still predominant in Western countries, with a progressive introduction of non-B subtypes from countries ... See full document

... effective human immunodeficiency vi- rus type 1 (HIV-1) ...acid differences between them can reach up to 24% in Env (23, 48; ...biological differences be- tween ...with ... See full document

... atypical subtype B GPGR V3 crown motif in the HIV sequences from all three specimens wrongly serotyped as subtype B concurs with the results of Sherefa et ...infecting virus. The viruses in two ... See full document

... cells. This may be true in particular for V3, known as a con- served neutralizing domain (19), as four out of six mutations in gp120 observed in viruses from three patients (or in four pa- tients for mutation D325N) were ... See full document

... parallel evolution, it is not surprising that our estimate of the rate of HIV-1 evolu- tion with the recombinants removed was lower than that with all ...the subtype C epidemic with the recombinants ... See full document

... to subtype B, which displayed high levels of infection via CCR3 and low levels via ...FPRL1. Subtype D Env proteins were poor at me- diating infection via either CCR3 or ...these differences in entry ... See full document

... one virus variant that seemed resistant to all four ...had virus variants that resisted 2F5 and 4E10 ...transmitted virus variants that were isolated within the first 2 months after ...part, ... See full document

... (nonrecombinant) subtype A and subtype C viruses in either the index case or her ...a subtype A and a subtype C ...of subtype A genetic material in both the gag and env genes in the ... See full document

... No commercial viral load assay has yet been approved for use for measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) RNA levels in plasma. We assessed the performance of the NucliSens ... See full document

... HIV-1 subtype C V3 sequences was compiled from published literature, the Entrez nucleotide database ...site-wise differences in amino acid distributions between SI and NSI ...phenotyped ... See full document

... (Fig. 1, lanes labeled C on the right sides of the ...The differences between the signal distri- bution in the lane in which the probe was reannealed to the homologous cocultured variants and those lanes ... See full document

... The clustering pattern was reproducible regardless of the al- gorithms used for constructing trees (data not shown). Se- quences of one cluster had shorter branches than did those of the other, suggesting the presence of ... See full document

... Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains can be separated into genetic subtypes based on phylogenetic analysis of the envelope ...intrasubtype evolution of the ... See full document

... in subtype C was there a benefit for this mixed pathway compared to ...alone, subtype C showed enhanced rep- lication of the 67N and 70R mutations compared to the ...competent virus than if a 215F ... See full document

... for subtype B HIV-1, on whether the virus is R5 tropic or X4 ...with subtype C HIV-1 (1, 4, 7, 8, 13, 15, 41, 54, ...a subtype B R5-tropic virus is less constrained ... See full document

... sequence differences between a mother and her adult daughter (sequences 154 and 155) were ...four subtype C, cluster 2, sequences, which were at least 3% apart in the gag ... See full document

... of evolution used for each region is shown in Table ...to subtype E sequences (Fig. 1), and together the nine regions spanned the entire HIV-1 ...mosaic subtype AG has been reported to ... See full document