[PDF] Top 20 Structural analysis of wild-type and mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat proteins.

... These mutants, wild type in structure but reduced in activity, identify residues in the wild-type protein that may directly contact other molecules during Tat function... STRUCTURE OF HI[r] ... See full document

... KCl, 1 mM EDTA, ...Total proteins from equal portions of the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions were precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA), separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... See full document

... or structural proteins known as trans- dominant or dominant negative mutant proteins have efficacy in preventing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ... See full document

... terminal Tat mutants to stimulate gene expression ...with wild-type tat (Fig. 5B and C, lanes 9 and 10). A Tat mutant which has glycine sub- stituted for basic amino acids 50 to ... See full document

... the virus in producing oxidative stress. Indeed, in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, pathogenic processes may be generated by infected cells, which, following immune activation, induce ... See full document

... To determine whether either p28tev or p22 bears this posttranslational modification, HeLa cells transfected with fB, mutant 107, or a mixture of pL3tat and pL3crev were labeled with 32Pi[r] ... See full document

... the Tat steady- state level ...a Tat-FLAG mutant in which the Tat basic domain was kept intact and a nuclear export signal (NES) from HIV-1 Rev (52) was fused to the carboxyl terminus ... See full document

... for virus replication were not ...FIG. 1. Design of dox-dependent HIV-1 variants. (A) HIV-1 genome and modifications that were introduced to construct ...and Tat is indicated by crosses ... See full document

... transdominant Tat protein to inhibit Tat ...of Tat D 49-57, Tat D /TNLS, and Tat D /NOLS eliminated the abilities of these proteins to act in a transdominant ...HIV-1 ... See full document

... vivo analysis of PBMCs from three patients, KI-092, KI-102, and KI-158, who had been infected with the WT virus, showed that they had mainly the WT-specific CTLs when the WT was found, and then 2F- specific ... See full document

... unfused Tat AD by using U2 snRNA and HIV-1 RRE RNA coupled with beads, and we found that T-RS 25-63 , T-RE, and T-RG bound the two forms of RNA equally well, T-GS bound 50% less efficiently, ...T-NLS ... See full document

... HAINES' Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2230,1 and Department of Microbiology, University of Leicester S[r] ... See full document

... The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator protein, Tat, stimulates transcription from the viral long terminal repeats via an arginine-rich transactivating ...HIV type ... See full document

... deletion mutant (Sp1 del) template linearized with EcoRI (41) was added to the in vitro transcription reaction mixture containing 25 ␮g of ...blot analysis of Sp1 in pCEP and etat cell ...blot ... See full document

... Mature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles contain a cone-shaped core structure consisting of the internal ribonucleoprotein complex encased in a proteinaceous ... See full document

... with Tat leads to increased ...HIV-1 Tat protein in cell extracts from HeLa cells is dependent on functional Tat and on the TAR element (14, 16) and is due to the increased processivity of ... See full document

... Clade-specific Tat proteins represent consensus sequences derived from an analysis of ⬎ 20 different strains from HIV ⫹ individuals for each clade ...and Tat proteins represent ... See full document

... As expected, analysis of the biological activity of these fusion proteins in transfected HeLa cells demonstrated that all four Tat missense mutations abrogated the ability of the Tat-Rev[r] ... See full document

... inactive Tat mutants that compete with wild-type Tat for Sp1 contact and ones that repress HIV-1 replication in cultured T cells ...(Fig. 1 and ...that wild-type ... See full document

... by analysis on Coomassie blue-stained protein gels. Proteins were transferred to ...for 1 h with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin ... See full document