To save the time of library staff and users By using the computer based library software we can save time of the user as well as library staff For example – suppose reader want some information on library automation

then it would get in Library and Information Science Encyclopedia and this encyclopedia is available in soft as well as in hard copy then automatically time will be saved with help of use computer.

Strong points and Weak points of open source software:- 1) It is free software.2) Source code of library software is provided for re-engineering and modification in it. 3) It has not any types of guarantee and warranty.4) It has a validity period.

Conclusion: The role of knowledge resource centers (Libraries) while using open source library software have big an opportunity to enhancement the quality of education through providing the reading materials, IT devices, transaction facilities etc. The higher education having much IT challenges to face in this new internet age so that the use of computer / open source software is helped to library and information science professionals to keep our library up to date with saving time of library users and staff. Above mentioned all points are too much important and helpful to our LIS profession on our professionals / Librarians must be utilized the internet as smart user to purvey excellent library services and facilities. The open source software impacts shown that Library and Information Science Profession is excellent profession which can keep the society alert, aware and knowledgeable society and have been making so many generations intellectual and knowledge based society as well as remove illiteracy of many subject knowledge from the society.

Bibliography

1) ―Oxford english dictionary‖ Vol. 6, p.114. 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_arts_college

3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce

4) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science

5) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/software.html

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DIGITAL LIBRARY: NEED OF MODERN LIBRARY

Dr. H. R. Chaudhari, Asst. Professor, Smt H R Patel Arts Mahila College Shirpur Dist Dhule

Abstract

A digital library is a library with mixture of digital objects that can include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats (as opposed to print, or other media. ), along with means for organizing, storing, and retrieving the files and media contained in the library collection. Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals, organizations, or affiliated with established physical library buildings or institutions, or with academic institutions. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. An electronic library is a type of information retrieval system. These information retrieval systems are able to exchange information with each other through interoperability and sustainability.

History of Digital Library: The term digital library develop in the year1892 from the early ideas of Paul Outlet in ways to cease the violent wars, eliminate national boundaries, and allow humanity to become balanced. He discussed in his book called "Birth of the Information Age" about how to interlink millions of documents, images, audio and video files together so people could search in one system. He called it the "Mundaneum." In present time, this idea is closely associated with the Internet. Vannevar Bush and J.C.R. Licklider are two more contributors that advanced this idea into newer technology. Bush was seen as a researcher that assisted in

making the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. After obesrving the disaster, he wanted to create a machine

that would show how technology can lead to understanding instead of destruction. This machine would include a desk with two screens, switches and buttons, and a keyboard. He named this the "Memex." These way individuals would be able to access stored books and files at a rapid speed

Future: Hug digital projects are underway at Google platform, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. With continued improvements in book handling and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition and development of alternative depositories and business models, digital libraries are rapidly growing in popularity. Just as libraries have ventured into audio and video collections, so have digital libraries such as the Internet Archive. Google Books project recently received a court victory on proceeding with their book-scanning project that was halted by the Authors' guild. This helped open the road for libraries to work with Google to better reach patrons who are accustomed to computerized information.

Advantages: The advantages of digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies alike. Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain it. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library can be much lower than that of a traditional library. A physical library must spend large sums of money paying for staff, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. Digital libraries may reduce or, in some instances, do away with these fees. Both types of library require cataloging input to allow users to locate and retrieve material. Digital libraries may be more willing to adopt innovations in technology providing users with improvements in electronic and audio book technology as well as presenting new forms of communication such as wikis and blogs; conventional libraries may consider that providing online access to their OP AC catalog is sufficient. An important advantage to digital conversion is increased accessibility to users. They also increase availability to individuals who may not be traditional patrons of a library, due to geographic location or organizational affiliation.

Lack of physical boundary. The user of a digital library need not to go to the library physically; people from all over the world can gain access to the same information, as long as an Internet connection is available.Round the clock availability A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can gain access 24/7 to the information.

Various access. The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of institutions and patrons. This may not be the case for copyrighted material: a library may have a license for "lending out" only one copy at a time; this is achieved with a system of digital rights management where a resource can become inaccessible after expiration of the lending period or after the lender chooses to make it inaccessible (equivalent to returning the resource).

Information gaining. The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title, name, subject) to search the entire collection. Digital libraries can provide very user-friendly interfaces, giving click able access to its resources.

Preservation and conservation. Digitization is not a long-term preservation solution for physical collections, but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that would otherwise fall to degradation from repeated use. Digitized collections and born-digital objects pose many preservation and conservation concerns that analog materials do not. Please see the following "Problems" section of this page for examples.

Space. Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain them and media storage technologies are more affordable than ever before.

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Added value. Certain characteristics of objects, primarily the quality of images, may be improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as stains and discoloration.

Easily accessible.

Digital preservation: Digital preservation aims to ensure that digital media and information systems are still interpretable into the indefinite future. Each necessary component of this must be migrated, preserved or emulated. Typically lower levels of systems (floppy disks for example) are emulated, bit-streams (the actual files stored in the disks) are preserved and operating systems are emulated as a virtual machine. Only where the meaning and content of digital media and information systems are well understood is migration possible, as is the case for office documents. However, at least one organization, the Wider Net Project, has created an offline digital library, the eGranary, by reproducing materials on a 6 TBhard drive. Instead of a bit-stream environment, the digital library contains a built-in proxy server and search engine so the digital materials can be accessed using an Internet browser. Also, the materials are not preserved for the future. The eGranary is intended for use in places or situations where Internet connectivity is very slow, non-existent, unreliable, unsuitable or too expensive.

Disadvantages: Digital libraries, or at least their digital collections, unfortunately also have brought their own problems and challenges in areas such as: User authentication for access to collections Copyright Digital preservation (see above) Equity of access (see digital divide) Interface design Interoperability between systems and software Information organization Inefficient or non-existent taxonomy practices (especially with historical material) Training and development Quality of Metadata Exorbitant cost of building/maintaining the terabytes of storage, servers, and redundancies necessary for a functional digital collection. To conclude though there are many drawbacks of digitalization but still it is very much fruitful in the present scenario of library.

Reference

 www.wikipedia.org

 https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in

 https://archive.org

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ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES

Dr. Rahul Gopichand Saner, Asst. professor, Smt. H. R. Patel Arts Mahila College Shirpur Dist. Dhule

Abstract

A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. The term digital library is diffuse enough to be applied to a wide range of collections and organizations, but, to be considered a digital library, an online collection of information must be managed by and made accessible to a community of users. The advantages of digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies alike. Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very maintaining a digital library is much lower than that of a traditional library. The present paper provides the essential theoretical and practical information about digital libraries. It includes all important aspects of a digital library which are very much important and necessary for its daily functioning.

Introduction to Digital Libraries: An informal definition of a digital library is a managed collection of information, with associated services, where the information is stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. A key part of this definition is that the information is managed. A stream of a data sent to earth from a satellite is not a library. The same data, when organized systematically, becomes a digital library collection. Most people would not consider a database containing financial records of one company to be a digital library, but would accept a collection of such information from many companies as part of a library. Digital libraries contain diverse collections of information for use by many different users. Digital libraries range in size from tiny to huge. They can use any type of computing equipment and any suitable software. The unifying theme is that information is recognized on computers and available over a network, with procedures to select the materials in the collections, to recognize it, to make it available to users, and to archive it.

The Purpose of Digital Library: A digital library is an integrated set of services for capturing, cataloguing, storing, searching, protecting, and retrieving information.Digital library services bring order where data floods and information mismanagement have caused much critical information to be incoherent, unavailable, or lost.Digital library architecture emphasizes organization, acquisition, preservation, and utilization of information.Digital library systems are realizations of architecture in specified hardware, networking, and software situation.

Advantages of Digital Library

The digital library brings the library to the user. To use a library requires access. Traditional methods require that the user goes to the library. In a university, the walk to a library takes a few minutes, but not many people are member of universities or have a nearby library. Many engineers or physicians carry out their work with depressingly poor access to the latest information.A digital library brings the information to the user‘s desk, either at work or at home, making it easier to use and hence increasing its usage. With digital library on the desk top, a user need never visit a library building. The library is wherever there is a personal computer and network connection.

Computer power is used for searching and browsing. Computing power can be used to find information. Paper documents are convenient to read, but finding information that is stored on paper can be difficult. Despite the myriad of secondary tools and the skill of reference librarians, using a large library can be tough challenge. A claim that used to be made for traditional libraries is that they stimulate serendipity, because readers stumble across unexpected items of value. The truth is that libraries are full of useful materials that readers discover only by accident. In most aspects, computer system is already better than manual methods for finding information. They are not as good as everybody would like, but they are good and improving steadily. Computers are particularly useful for reference work that involves repeated leaps from one source of information to another. Information can be shared. Libraries and archives contain much information that is unique. Placing digital information on a network makes it available to everybody. Many digital libraries or electronic publication are maintained at a single central site, perhaps with a few duplicate copies strategically placed around the world. This is a vast improvement over expensive physical duplication of little used material, or the inconvenience of unique material that is inaccessible traveling to the location where it is stored.

Information is easier to keep current. Much important information needs to be brought up to date continually. Printed materials are awkward to update, since the entire document must be reprinted; all copies of the old version must be tracked down and replaced. Keeping information current is much less of a problem when the definitive version is in digital format and stored on central computer. Many libraries provide online the text reference works, such as directories or encyclopedias. Wherever revisions are received from the publisher, they are installed on the library‘s computer. The new versions are available immediately. The library of congress has an online collection, called Thomas that contains the latest drafts of all legislation currently before the U.S. Congress; it changes continually.

The information is always available. The doors of the digital library never close; recent study at a British university found that about half the usage of a library‘s digital collections was at hours when the library

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buildings were closed. Materials are never checked out to other readers, miss-shelved or stolen; they are never in an off-campus warehouse. The scope of the collections expands beyond the walls of the library. Private papers in an office or the collections of a library on the other side of the world are as easy to use as materials in the local library.

Digital libraries are not perfect. Computer system can fail and networks may be slow or unreliable, but, compare with a traditional library, information is much more likely to be available when and where the user wants it.

New forms of information become possible. Most of what is stored in a conventional library is printed on paper, yet print is not always the best way to record and disseminate information. A database may be the best way to store census data, so that it can be analyzed by computer; satellite data can be rendered in many different ways; a mathematics library can store mathematical expressions, not as ink marks on paper but as computer symbols to be manipulated by programs such a Mathematica or Maple. To conclude the digital library is the kind of library which is available to the reader 24 X 7 and 365 days. It is a kind of boon in the sphere of library sciences. The purpose and the advantages clearly signify its incomparable importance.

References

Dr. C. Jankiraman (2011) Digital libraries, Delhi: Pacific books international.

Iyenger V. K (2011) Digital Library Use: Librarians Guide to Internet, New Delhi : Arise Publishers,

Sahu Santosh Kumar, Mandotkar Ratna (2012) Encyclopedia of Research in Library and Information Science, New Delhi :Pacific Books International Vol. (1 To 5)

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DIGITAL LIBRARIES & FUTURE

Prof. Swati S. Surve, Librarian, SMBST college, Sangamner. (Research scholar J.J.T.U. university Rajasthan)

Abstract

Research and practice in digital libraries (DL) has exploded worldwide in the 1990s. Substantial research funding has become available, libraries are actively involved in DL projects and conferences, journals and online news lists proliferate. This article explores reasons for these developments and the impudence of key players, while speculating on future directions. We and that the term `digital library' is used in two distinct senses. Research-oriented dentitions serve to build a community of researchers and to focus attention on problems to be addressed; these dentitions have expanded considerably in scope throughout the 1990s. Future trends point toward the need for extensive research in digital libraries and for the transformation of libraries as institutions. The present ambiguity of terminology is hindering the advance of research and practice in digital libraries and in our ability to communicate the scope and significance of our work.

Keywords: Digital libraries; Terminology; Digital libraries initiatives; Information infrastructure; Research funding; International; Community development; Libraries; Services; Institutions; Universities; Social Aspects

1. Introduction: Scholarly and professional interest in digital libraries has grown rapidly throughout the 1990s.