EXPLORATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGYIN DIGITAL LIBRARY: AN OVERVIEW

Dr. Savita Madhav Mhaske, Librarian Indraraj Arts, Commerce and Science College Sillod Dist: Aurangabad

Abstract

Cloud Computing is the third major invention in the field of information and technology after computer and internet. It is eco-friendly device and a milestone for a paperless society. This paper describes exploration of cloud computing technology and the basic concept of cloud computing explored in libraries. It overview the importance of cloud computing and how it works in digital libraries. This paper also describes the importance and changing scenario of library automation and library services empowerment by the help of different enhancement tools of cloud computing.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Web Service, Library-Cloud, Computer Applications, Library.Software, Digital Library

Introduction: During the last century, drastic changes in information communication technologies such as advances in different software, computing power, storage, and networking technology have allowed the human race to generate, process, and share increasing amounts of information in dramatically new ways. New applications of computing technology are developed and introduced. These new applications, in turn, lead to new demands for even more powerful computing infrastructure. It is now possible to assemble very large, powerful systems consisting of many small, inexpensive commodity components because computers have become smaller and less expensive, disk drive capacity continues to increase, and networks have gotten faster. Cloud computing is the evolution of a variety of technologies that have come together to change an organization‘s approach for building an IT infrastructure. The cloud computing term describes a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real time communication network. Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing resources over the Internet. Instead of keeping data on your own hard drive or updating applications for your needs, you use a service over the Internet, at another location, to store your information or use its applications. Cloud services are popular because people can access their e-mail, social networking site or photo service from anywhere in the world, at any time, at minimal or no charge. Some cloud providers may, however, use the personal information of users for advertising purposes or to learn more about the users for other reasons. Numerous companies and research organizations are applying cloud-computing concepts to their business or research problems including numerous libraries. Cloud services allow individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. The cloud computing model allows access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. It provides a shared pool of resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power, and specialized corporate and user applications. The following definition of cloud computing has been developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Cloud services are popular because they can reduce the cost and complexity of owning and operating computers and networks.Cloud computing is often considered efficient because it allows organizations to free up resources to focus on innovation and product development. Another potential benefit is that personal information may be better protected in the cloud. Specifically, cloud computing may improve efforts to build privacy protection into technology from the start and the use of better security mechanisms. The major characteristics of the Cloud are On-demand self service which means that customers can request and manage their own computing resources. Broad network access allows services to be offered over the Internet or private networks. A service consumer can automatically make useof the computing capabilities, such as server processing time and network storage without requiring human interaction with each service‘ sprovider. The user have easily available the Broad network access as per his requirement. Cloud systems automatically control and optimizere sources used by leveraging a metering capability in which resources‘ usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. The advantage here is that you are paying for exactly what you are using. Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure has been deployed, and is maintained and operated for a specific organization. The operation may be in-house or with a third party on the premises.

Community Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared among a number of organizations with similar interests

and requirements. This may help limit the capital expenditure costs for its establishment as the costs are shared among the organizations. The operation may be in-house or with a third party on the premises.

Public Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is available to the public on a commercial basis by a cloud service provider. This enables a consumer to develop and deploy a service in the cloud with very little financial outlay compared to the capital expenditure requirements normally associated with other deployment options.

Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure consists of a number of clouds of any type, but the clouds have the ability through their interfaces to allow data and/or applications to be moved from one cloud to another. This can be a combination of private and public clouds that support the requirement to retain some data in an organization, and also the need to offer services in the cloud.

Role of Cloud Computing In Libraries:Cloud computing is a completely new in technology and it is known as

3rd revolution after PC and Internet. Cloud computing is an enhancement of distributed computing, parallel computing, grid computing and distributed databases. Among these, grid and utility computing are known as

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predecessors of cloud computing.It has large potential for libraries. Libraries may put more and more content into the loud. Using cloud computing user would be able to browse a physical shelf of books, CDs or DVDs or choose to take out an item or scan a bar code into his mobile device. All historical and rare documents would be scanned into a comprehensive, easily searchable database and would be accessible to any researcher. Many libraries already have online catalogues and share bibliographic data with OCLC. More frequent online catalogues are linked to consortium that share resources.In digital libraries data storage cloud be a main function of libraries, particularly those with digital collections storing large digital files can stress local server infrastructures. The files need to be backed up, maintained, and reproduced for patrons. This can strain the data integrity as well as hog bandwidth. Moving data to the cloud may be a leap of faith for some library professionals. A new technology and on the surface it is believed that library would have some control over this data or collections. However, with faster retrieval times for requests and local server space it could improve storage solutions for libraries. Cloud computing or IT infrastructure that exists remotely, often gives users increased capacity and less need for updates and maintenance, and hasgained wider acceptance among library professionals. Cloud computing in digital libraries is becoming very popular now days because they use cloud architecture in which internet based ‗on demand service‘ is provided. They provide flexible e-books and other document lending service through in-library hardware. Catalogue searching facility in the library is provided through the touch-based terminals and books selected will be checked out to users along with e-readers. Users can borrow digital books in their mobile devices, I Pads and android based tablets.

World Share Management Services (WMS) is an integrated suite of cloud-based library management

applications of OCLC offer libraries cost savings, workflow efficiencies and the ability to deliver new value to users by sharing data and work across many member libraries. WMS integrates all electronic and print resource management workflows including selection, acquisitions and maintenance within the same Web-based World Share interface. World Cat Discovery provides your library more visibility on the Web and better information about your systems. A report authoring tool which provides user-specified, peer comparisons based on OCLC cooperative data is also available at an additional cost.

Ex Libris: It is a leading provider of library automation solutions, offering comprehensive product suite for the discovery, management and distribution of all materials print, electronic, and digital. Ex Libris caters to libraries of all type and size and to large consortia. It is built on open architecture and are flexible, customizable, easy to maintain and manage, and Unicode-compliant, with full multilingual capabilities. It can be implemented as stand-alone solutions or integrated with existing environments. Ex Libris has developed the Alma, the cloud- based library resource management system to consolidate, optimize and extend the range of library services. Polaris Integrated Library System: The Polaris ILS provides a robust and scalable software solution with powerful staff tools and an intuitive experience for patrons. The Polaris ILS built on a Microsoft SQL server database platform with documented APIs is open to connections with third-party vendors, with patrons and their social media, and with resources beyond the walls. Its integrated expanded functionality enables direct access to e-content, shared collections, and outside systems.

Dura Cloud: Dura Cloud is an open source platform developed by Dura Space which was released broadly as a

service in 2011. It provides on-demand storage and services for digital content in the cloud for academic libraries, academic research centers, and other cultural heritage organizations. Dura Cloud enables digital preservation, data access, transformation and data sharing. It helps to move copies of content of any shape or size into the cloud and store them with several different providers and offers compute services. The Dura Cloud easy-to-use dashboard allow scholars to easily upload and download content and permits to add tags and metadata to content through their interface.

Lib Lime: It is one of the most innovative technology platforms which bring new realities of open access, interoperability, rapid and flexible development. It is used by all types of libraries and consortia with confidence as it couples the concept of open source with the security of outstanding customer service and relieves libraries from the need to have expensive technical resources on staff. Hosted in Lib Lime‘s distributed cloud computing data center, hundreds of libraries are able to alleviate their internal IT support needs.

The 3M Cloud Library Application: The 3M Cloud Library application is an innovative way to browse borrow

and read popular fiction and non-fiction eBooks from local public library. Patron should have a valid library card to use the 3M Cloud Library App and the library needs to have a subscription to the 3M Cloud Library service. Users can use the 3M Cloud Library PC Software to transfer e-books to their Nook Simple Touch, Kobo e-Reader, or Sony e-Reader. One can take notes while reading or can create their own bookmark. The 3M Cloud Library automatically synchronizes to all your devices that have the 3M Cloud Library App downloaded to them. User can start reading on his iPad and even continue reading from his phone right where he has left off. The application has the ability to transfer content to a personal e-reader using either an existing Adobe ID or using the 3M Cloud Library ID. Cloud computing offers many interesting possibilities for libraries that may help to reduce technology cost and increase capacity reliability, and performance for some type of automation activities. Cloud computing has made strong inroads into other commercial sectors and is now beginning to find more application in library science.

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Conclusion:Cloud computing is the term given to the use of multiple server computers via a digital network as if they were one computer. The Cloud itself is a virtualization of resources networks, servers, applications, data storage and services which the end user need.There is a great advantage of Cloud computing in digital libraries. It is very flexible, transparent and user centric. It saves time and cost and available anytime everywhere. Cloud computing enhances digital library services by its innovative applications: OCLC, Library of Congress, ExLibris, Polaris, Scribd, Discovery Service, Google Docs, Google Scholar, World Cat, Encore and 3M Cloud. References

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STUDY THE ATTITUDE OF SCIENCE COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARDS