0 USE IN DIGITAL LIBRARY

Prof. PradipTulshiram Patil, College Librarian, AYKK‟s Arts Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Deopur, Dhule (M.S.)

Abstracts

This paper aims to discuss the concept of web 3.0, and possibilities to use these tools and technologies in library and Information Science. The internet has changed the way we think of information and technology. The web of documents has morphed into a web of data. The semantic wave embraces three stages of internet growth. The first stage, Web 1.0, was used as a Read only medium. Web 2.0 started as Read and Write medium. Now the current version of web i.e. Web 3.0 is the semantic web which allow the users to Read, Write and Execute web. This paper briefs upon Web 3.0 and also its application in library and information science which is known as Library 3.0. This paper discusses the definitions of Web 3.0 and its characteristics. Next, it discusses applications of Web 3.0 and its technology, then the paper briefs about Library 3.0 which is powered by the Semantic Web and their application to enhanced library services.

Keywords: Web 3.0, Semantic Web, WWW, Library Services.

Introduction:- John Markoff of the New York Times recently suggested naming this third-generation of the Web, “Web 3.0”. This suggestion has led to quite a bit of debate within the industry. Those who are attached to the Web 2.0 moniker have reacted by claiming that such a term is not warranted while others have responded positively to the term, noting that there is indeed a characteristic difference between the coming new stage of the Web and what Web 2.0 has come to represent.The threshold to the third-generation Web will be crossed in 2007. At this juncture the focus of innovation will start shift back from front-end improvements towards back-end infrastructure level upgrades to the Web. This cycle will continue for five to ten years, and will result in making the Web more connected, more open, and more intelligent. It will transform the Web from a network of separately siloed applications and content repositories to a more seamless and interoperable whole. Because the focus of the third-generation Web is quite different from that of Web 2.0, this new generation of the Web probably does deserve its own name. In keeping with the naming convention established by labeling the second generation of the Web as Web 2.0, I agree with John Markoff that this third- generation of the Web could be called Web 3.0.Web 3.0 can be also stated as Executable Web„„. The Basic idea of 3.0 is to define structure data and link them in order to more effective discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across various applications. It is able to improve data management, support accessibility of mobile internet, simulate creativity and innovation, encourage factor of globalization phenomena, enhance customers satisfaction and help to organize collaboration in social web.

Definition:- According to Nova Spivack, the Chief Executive officer at Radar Networks, “Web 3.0 is a set of standards that turns the web into a big database.” While Steve spadling defines Web 3.0 as “highly specialized information silos, moderated by a cult of personality, validated by the community, and put into content with the inclusion of met-data through widgets.” Conrad Wolfram stated “Web 3.0 is where the computer is generating new information, rather humans” Eric Schmidt, Google‟s CEO, stated about 3.0 “Web 3.0 is a series of combined applications. The core software technology of Web 3.0 is artificial intelligence, which can intelligently learn and understand semantics. Therefore, the application of Web 3.0 technology enables the internet to be more personalized, accurate and intelligent.”

Features:-Below are 5 main features that can help us define Web 3.0

Semantic Web: - The next evolution of the Web involves the Semantic Web. The semantic web improves web

technologies in order to generate, share and connect content through search and analysis based on the ability to

understand the meaning of words, rather than on keywords or numbers.

Artificial Intelligence: - Combining this capability with natural language processing, in Web 3.0, computers can understand information like humans in order to provide faster and more relevant results. They become more intelligent to satisfy the needs of users.

3D Graphics: - The three dimensional design is being used extensively in websites and services in Web 3.0. Museum guides, computer games, ecommerce, geospatial contexts, etc. are all examples that use 3D graphics.

Connectivity: - With Web 3.0, information is more connected thanks to semantic metadata. As a result, the user experience evolves to another level of connectivity that leverages all the available information.

Ubiquity: -Content is accessible by multiple applications, every device is connected to the web, the services can be used everywhere.

Interoperability:- In the context of Web 3.0, the terms interoperability, collaboration and reusability are basically interrelated. Interoperability implies reuse, which is again a form of collaboration. Web 3.0 will provide a communicative medium for knowledge and information exchange.

Personalization:- Another feature of Web 3.0 era is Personalization. Personal or individual preferences would be considered during different activities such as information processing, search, formation of personalized portal on the web. Semantic Web would be the core technology for personalization in Web 3.0.

Virtualization:- Web 3.0 would be a web with high speed internet bandwidths and high end 3D Graphics, which can better be utilized for virtualization. The trend for future web refers to the creation of virtual 3-Dimensional environments. An example of the most popular 3-D web application of Web 3.0 is Second Life.

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES ISSN: 2278-8808

JAN-MAR, 2018, VOL-7/36 Page 160

Characteristics of Web 3.0 : - The major characteristics of web 3.0 as marked by Nova Spivack are Saas Business Model. Open source software platform. Distributed Database or what called as ―”The World Wide Database”. Web Personalization. Resource Pooling. Intelligent Web.Web 3.0 added machine readability feature to the web documents which did not exist in the web 1.0 and web 2.0. Web 3.0 is also known as semantic web. Semantic web was thought up by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web. The word semantic stands for “meaning of” so Semantic Web term is understood as “to add meaning to the web.” According to the W3C, "The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.” Semantic Web is an efficient way to represent data on the Web, or as a database that is globally linked, in a manner understandable by machines, to the content of documents on the Web. Semantic technologies represent meaning using ontology and provide reasoning through the relationships, rules, logic, and conditions represented in those ontologism. The semantic Web is not a new Web but it is an extension of existing Web. Semantic Web provides an infrastructure to develop so many web applications which will reduce the human efforts required to search for products or services. Many media have confirmed that the Web 2.0 has been redered obsolete and thoseus now find ourselves in the next phase: Web 3.0, mentioned for the first time in 2006, which focuses on artificial intelligence and intelligent machines (Socco, 2011). Among the key elements of the Web 3.0, we find the changes in the habits and methods of website displays, the intelligence of available information, the users‟ search experiences and the opening of the Web (Tasner,2010b). The combination of machine and human intelligence afforded by the Semantic Web make information richer, more relevant, timely and accessible by using more powerful languages, neuronal networks, genetic algorithms, etc. In this way, the Web 3.0 is focused on analysis, information processing and its later conversion in to ideas. The web 3.0 was constructed as a revision of the Semantic Web. From a marketing point of view, the Web 3.0 is comprised of five key components (Tasner, 2010b):Micro blogging:- sites that consist of sharing one‟s thoughts in few characters. Examples: Twitter, Plurk and Jaiku. Virtual reality worlds: - spaces visited by users to interact with other users in a 3D platform.Customization/personalization: - features that allow users to create a unique and individual experience. Examples: SendOutCards, Google and Amazon.Mobility:- mobile devices and the ability to connect to the red through them make possible a huge amount of new applications.On demand collaboration:- users interact by supervising documents, collaborating and making changes all in real time. Examples: Google Drive, salesforce.com, slideshare.net and box.net.Vastness: - The World Wide Web contains many billions of pages. Redundancy in data may occur which has not yet been able to eliminate all semantically duplicated terms.Vagueness:- This arises from the vagueness of user queries, of concepts represented by content providers, of matching query terms to provider terms and of trying to combine different knowledge bases with overlapping but subtly different concepts. Inconsistency: - These are logical contradictions which will inevitably arise during the development of large ontologism and when ontologism from separate sources is combined.Deceit: - This is when the producer of the information is intentionally misleading the consumer of the information.Application of Web 3.0 in Academic Library System:-Digital libraries now become multidimensional in today‟s world of fast growing information society. Semantic digital library i.e. Library 3.0 is the next step in the evolution of current generation of digital library management systems. Its main features are: Anyone can use it; All knowledge is accessible here; We can access it anytime and anywhere; It features a user-friendly, multimodal user interface; It provides efficient and effective ways to access it; It makes use of multiple and interconnected devices. The semantic digital library is made of hyper books instead of traditional e-documents such as PDF or HTML files, Hyper book or hypertext book, is a term that is commonly used to refer to a hypertext that has some of the characteristics of a printed book. The main distinction between a traditional digital library and a semantic digital library is the disappearance of the monolithic nature of a book or an article. A hyper book, once inserted into a library, will automatically enrich itself by connecting to fragments of other books. Thus, a semantic digital library of hyper book is not a mere collection of hyper books, It provides a semantic interconnection among the hyper books. Conclusion:- Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic Web technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and autonomous agents. The most important sphere of library 3.0 is to establish a semantic relationship between all available web contents to ensure seamless accessibility, search ability, availability and usability. Librarians need to be more inclined towards the use of latest tools and technology to create virtual library system. But basic aim remains the same i.e. right information to the right users at the right time.

Reference:

Burke, M. (2009), „The Semantic Web and Digital Library‟, Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, vol. 61(3).

Kadyan, Sanjiv and Singhroha, Rimpi (2014), „Web 3.0 in Library Services: an Utilitarian effect‟, Journal of Information Management, vol. 1(2),

Khanzode, Chhaya A. and Sarode, Ravindra D. (2016), „Evolution of the World Wide Web: from Web 1.0 to 6.0‟, International Journal of Digital Library Services, vol. 6(2), April-June.

Solanki, Manishkumar R. and Dongaonkar, Abhijit (2016), „A Journey of Human Comfort: Web 1.0 to Web 4.0‟, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 3(9), September.

Zhang, Yang. (2009). The Development of Web and Library‟s Reference Service from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0. Sci-Tech Information Development and Economy, 18(1).

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES ISSN: 2278-8808

JAN-MAR, 2018, VOL-7/36 Page 161

WEB 3.0

Ms. Sangita Gangaram Utekar, Librarian, D. G. Tatkare Mahavidyalay Mangaon - Raigad 402104.BaratiVidyapith, Mumbai, Maharashtra-India

Ms. Kalpana Ranganat, Student M. Lib. & I. Sc. D. G. Tatkare Mahavidyalay Mangaon – Raigad 402104. Barati Vidyapith, Mumbai, Maharashtra-India

Abstract

Google initiated the idea of sitemaps which is a supplementary of listing the content available on a website in a simple, open and crawler friendly format. Because sitemaps exhibits some limits, the need for implementation of artificial intelligence in making search engines more efficient is very imperative and is expected to be one of the feature of Web 3.0.

Keywords: Web 3.0, Digital Library, WWW

Introduction: The world of information Technology is undergoing rapid changes in the history of civilization. With the big advance in technology and the growth of the amount of content on internet, it has become difficult for users to find and utilize information and for content providers to classify and catalogue documents. It was very time consuming for users to browse and to get the required information from the net. Google initiated the idea of sitemaps which is a supplementary of listing the content available on a website in a simple, open and crawler friendly format. Because sitemaps exhibits some limits, the need for implementation of artificial intelligence in making search engines more efficient is very imperative and is expected to be one of the feature of Web 3.0. Nowadays, the users of web environment can share their own data by means of modern facilities offered by World Wide Web. Overcoming to the highest peaks of professional degrees, as an Information professional, Librarian have to update their knowledge and notice of the newest researches and results in Library science. Libraries are using Internet or Web as a tool to render the library services. The Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, in guiding the development of web standards (such as the markup languages in which web pages are composed), in recent years has advocated his vision of a semantic Web.

Evolution of Web 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0:

Web 1.0: In web 1.0, a small number of writers created web pages fora large number of readers. As a result, people could