B5 ELECTRICITY-BY TECHNOLOGY

NonFederal Renewable Portfolio Standard: UNIT: Fraction

DESCRIPTION: NonFederal Renewable Portfolio Standard is a state or regional policy mandated use of a particular electricity technology to produce electricity to a given percentage of total demand. Used to calculate how much of the new mandated electricity technology must be constructed given new construction to meet consumer demand. USE: Use to mandate the fraction of electricity demand to be from a certain electricity technology up to 50%. For example, a nonfederal renewable portfolio standard requiring 15% of electricity production by biomass technology would be entered in the graph as a line at 0.15 for a given year.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology DATA SOURCE: User input

Electricity Annual Taxes or Subsidies: UNIT: Dollar/KWh

DESCRIPTION: Taxes or subsidies paid annually. Used to affect levelized average cost of various electricity technologies.

USE: Create annual taxes or subsidies for a given electricity technology. Positive values indicate taxes charged and negative values indicate subsidies given to the electricity producer for a given technology based on how much electricity is produced each year.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology DATA SOURCE: User input

Electricity Technology Taxes or Subsidies: UNIT: Dollars/TWh

DESCRIPTION: Electricity Technology Taxes or Subsidies is a state or regional policy that imposes a tax or subsidy on the technology used to produce electricity.

USE: Used to calculate electricity technology average levelized costs and therefore impacting electricity technology construct decisions. This is a a one time cost.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology DATA SOURCE: User input

Ban Electricity Technology: UNIT: N/A

DESCRIPTION: Ban Electricity Technologies is a state, regional, or federal policy banning the use of a particular electricity technology. Immediately stops the use of a particular electricity technology used. This includes production, current construction, and all future construction. USE: Use to stop using an electricity technology in a given year. Enter a line at the top value of 1 to enable the ban.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology DATA SOURCE: User input

Moratorium on Electricity Technologies: UNIT: N/A

DESCRIPTION: Moratorium on Electricity Technologies is a state, regional, or federal policy instituting a moratorium on all future use of a particular electricity technology. Stops all future construction of a particular technology. Existing construction and production for a technology in which a moratorium has been imposed will continue until decommissioned.

USE: Use to stop future construction of a particular technology and decommission all existing infrastructure for producing electricity from that technology for a given year. Enter a line at the value of 100 to enable the moratorium.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology DATA SOURCE: User input

Production Tax Credit: UNIT: Dollar/KWh

III-B6

DESCRIPTION: Annualized subsidy that only lasts a certain number of years instead of over the entire lifetime of the electricity technology.

USE: Create a production tax credit to provide a subsidy for a certain number of years for a particular electricity technology.

SUBSCRIPT USED: Electricity Technology

DATA SOURCE: User input; baseline data based on American Wind Energy Association, Federal Wind Production Tax Credit (PTC) policy, http://awea.org/policy/ptc.html.

Length of Time Production Tax Credit is Paid: UNIT: Years

DESCRIPTION: Amount of time over which that the PTC is paid. USE: Enter the number of years to pay out the Production Tax Credit. SUBSCRIPTS USED: N/A

DATA SOURCE: User input for wind Production Tax Credit (PTC) policy TRANSPORTATION-PRODUCERS-SYSTEM WIDE

CO2e Combustion Emissions Tax on Emissions from Blender/Refiner: UNIT: Dollar/Metric Ton CO2e

DESCRIPTION: A tax on emissions from the blender/refiner of fuel. Used to increase the levelized average cost of using fuel pathways that create significant emissions at the refiner/blender step such as CTL.

USE: Create a tax on emissions from fuel. SUBSCRIPT USED: N/A

DATA SOURCE: User input

TRANSPORTATION-PRODUCERS-LOW CARBON FUEL STANDARD POLICIES NonFederal Low Carbon Fuel Standard Below the 2000 Baseline: UNIT: Fraction

DESCRIPTION: This policy is considered to apply to blender, refiner, and importers of fuel and the liquid fuels that they produce. Since regulated entities are modeled as one entity, a corresponding credit system is not modeled as a part of the LCFP. This leads to the use of less emission intensive fuels on a life cycle basis through blending of different fuel pathways. Used as a percentage reduction in average fuel blend emission intensity below and established baseline.

USE: Create a low carbon fuel standard to reduce CO2 emissions to levels as percentages below the year 2000 baseline. For example, to mandate fuel combustion emissions to be 15% below the year 2000 levels, create a line at 0.15 for a given year.

SUBSCRIPT USED: N/A DATA SOURCE: User input

Use Alternative Low Carbon Fuel Standard Baseline: UNIT: N/A

DESCRIPTION: Use Alternative Low Carbon Fuel Standard Baseline is set of three sub-policy options to be used in tandem with the NonFederal Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Option one (set the level to zero) consists of a regulated entity calculating their carbon intensity based on total firm emissions divided by current year demand. Option two (set the level to one) consists of a regulated entity calculating carbon intensity base on total firm emissions divided by demand in the baseline year 2000. Option three (set the level to two) consists of a regulated entity calculating carbon intensity base on annual emissions divided by a rolling average (Uses the Number of Years in Low Carbon Fuel Standard Rolling Average policy) of previous year’s demand. Used to influence how restrictive a low carbon fuel standard is and how much fuel blending must occur to meet the LCFS. That is, by not allowing for the growth in demand, options 2 and 3 are more restrictive with option 2 being the most restrictive.

USE: Change the low carbon fuel standard baseline. The three options use different calculations for carbon intensity : option 1 uses fuel demand for each year, option 2 uses demand in the year 2000, and option 3 uses a rolling average of the demand from the previous year. To change the option, set the level to 0, 1, or 2 for options 1, 2, and 3 respectively.

III-B7