109 J sym: joule

jack n: 1. an oil well pumping unit that is powered by an internal-combustion engine, electric motor, or rod line from a central power source. The walking beam of the pumping jack provides reciprocating motion to the pump rods of the well. See walking beam. 2. a device that is manually operated to turn an engine over for starting. v: to raise or lift.

jack board n: a device used to support the end of a length of pipe while another length is being screwed onto the pipe. Sometimes referred to as a stabbing jack.

jacket n: 1. a tubular piece of steel in a tubing liner-type of sucker rod pump, inside of which is placed an accurately bored and honed liner. In this type of sucker rod pump, the pump plunger moves up and down within the liner and the liner is inside the jacket. 2.

the support structure of a steel offshore production platform; it is fixed to the seabed by piling, and the superstructure is mounted on it.

jacket water n: water that fills, or is circulated through, a housing that partially or wholly surrounds a vessel or machine to remove, add, or distribute heat and thereby to control the temperature within the vessel or machine.

jackhammer n: 1. a rock drill that is pneumatically powered and usually held by the operator. 2. an air hammer.

jackknife mast n: a structural steel, open-sided tower raised vertically by special lifting tackle attached to the travelling block. See mast. Compare standard derrick.

jackknife rig n: a drilling rig d1at has a jack- knife mast instead of a standard derrick.

jackshaft n: a short shaft that is usually set between two machines to provide increased or decreased flexibility and speed.

jackup n: a jackup driUing rig.

jackup drilling rig n: a mobile bottom-supported offshore drilling structure with columnar or open-truss legs that support the deck and hull. When positioned over the drilling site. the bottoms of the legs rest on the seafloor. A jackup rig is towed or propelled to a location with its legs up. Once the legs are firmly positioned on the bottom, the deck and hull height are adjusted and leveled. Also called self-elevating drilling unit.

jar n: a percussion tool operated manually or hydraulically to deliver a heavy downward blow to fish stuck in the borehole. v: to apply a heavy blow to the drill stem by use of a jar or bumper sub.

jar accelerator n: a hydraulic tool used in conjunction with a jar and made up on the fishing string above the jar to increase the power of the jarring force.

jar intensifier n: see jar accelerator:

jaw n: see tong jaw.

jaw clutch n: a positive-type clutch in which one or more jaws mesh in the oppos- ing clutch sections.

jaying-up n: the act of getting ready to use a J-slot packer or tool.

J curve n: the configuration of pipe when it enters the water from an inclined ramp on the stem of a lay barge instead of from a stinger. The J curve eliminates overbend, which can stress the pipe.

jeep n: see holiday detector.

jerk line n: a wire rope, one end of which is connected to the end of the breakout tongs and the other end of which is attached to the breakout cathead. When the driller activates the cathead, the cathead pulls on the jerk line with great force to apply torque to break out a tool joint (or to tighten a drill collar connection).

jet n: 1. a hydraulic device operated by a centrifugal pump used to clean the mud pits, or tanks, and to mix mud components. 2. in a perforating gun using shaped charges, a highly penetrating, fast-moving stream of exploded particles that forms a hole in the casing, cement, and formation.

jet bit n: a drilling bit having replaceable nozzles through which the drilling fluid is directed in a high-velocity stream to the bottom of the hole to improve the efficiency of the bit. See bit.

jet bottomhole cutter n: a fishing tool that fires a shaped charge downhole to break up junk so that it can be retrieved. It is run into the hole on drill pipe and collars.

jet compressor n: a device employing a venturi nozzle through which a high- pressure stream creates a lower pressure or a vacuum into which the gas to be compressed flows. The gas is discharged from the nozzle with the expanded high-pressure medium.

jet cutoff n: a procedure for severing pipe stuck in a well by detonating special Shaped- charge explosives similar to those used in jet perforating. The explosive is lowered into the pipe to the desired depth and detonated. The fon:e of the explosion makes radiating horizontal cuts around the pipe, and die severed portion of the pipe is retrieved.

jet cutter n: a fishing tool that uses shaped charges to sever casing, tubing, or drill pipe stuck in the hole. See jet cutoff. Compare chemical cuffer.

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jet deflection bit 110 J-tube method

jet deflection bit n: a special jet bit that has a very large nozzle used to deflect a hole from the vertical. The large nozzle erodes one side of the hole so that the hole is deflected off vertical. A jet deflection bit is especially effective in soft formations.

jet gun n: an assembly, including a carrier and shaped charges, that is used in jet perforating.

jet hopper n: a device to hold or feed drilling-mud additives. See mud-mixing devices. jet mixer n: a cement mixing system that combines dry cement with a jet of water.

The turbulence from the water thoroughly mixes the cement slurry.

jet out v: to use a jet for cleaning out mud tanks, cellar, and other areas.

jet-perforate v: to create holes through the casing with a shaped charge of high explosives instead of a gun that fires projectiles. The loaded charges are lowered into the hole to the desired depth. Once detonated, the charges emit short, penetrating jets of high- velocity gases that make holes in the casing and cement for some distance into the formation. Formation fluids then flow into the wellbore through these perforations. See bullet perforato1;

gun-perforate.

jet-powered junk basket n: see reverse- circulation junk basket.

jet pump n: a pump that operates by means of a jet of steam, water, or other fluid that imparts motion and subsequent pressure to a fluid medium.

jet sled n: in pipeline construction offshore, a pipe-straddling device fitted with nozzles

on either side that is lowered by a bury barge. As water is pumped at high pressure through the nozzles, spoil from beneath the

pipe is removed and pumped to one side of the trench. The line then sags naturally into position in the trench.

jet stream n: a relatively narrow band of winds in the upper troposphere, with speeds as high as 300 knots and travelling from west to east.

jet the well in v: circulating a lower-density fluid to under balance the well's formation pressure to initiate flow.

jetting n: the process of periodically removing a portion or all of the water, mud, and/or solids from the pits, usually by means of pumping through a jet nozzle arrangement. jobber n: a wholesaler who buys gasoline for resale to retailers.

joint n: 1. in drilling, a single length (from 16 feet to 45 feet, or 5 metres to 14.5 metres, depending on its range length) of drill pipe, drill collar, casing, or tubing that has threaded connections at both ends. Several joints screwed together constitute a stand of pipe. 2. in pipelining, a single length (usually 40 feet-12 metres) of pipe. 3. in geology, a crack or fissure produced in a rock by internal stresses. 4. in sucker rod pumping, a single length of sucker rod that has threaded connections at both ends.

joint identifier n: a gauge for detennining whether the connections of drill collars and tool joints match.

joint movement n: the shipment of a tender of oil through the facilities of one or more pipeline companies.

joint operating agreement n: a contract by which two or more co-owners of the operating rights in a tract of land join to share the costs of exploration and possible development. Compare farmout.

joint tariff n: a rate sheet, issued jointly by two or more companies, setting forth charges for moving oil over the facilities of each.

joint tenants n pi: two or more persons who are granted lands or tenements to hold in fee simple, fee tail for life, for years, or at will, whose joint title is created by one and the same deed or will. The survivor receives the whole on the death of the other.

joint venture n: a business undertaking, usually of more limited scope and length than a partnership, in which control, profits, losses, and liability are all shared.

Jones effect n: the net surface tension of salt solutions first decreases with an increase of concentration, passes through a minimum, and then increases as the concentration is raised.

joule (J) n: the unit used to measure heat, work, and energy in the metric system. It is the amount of energy required to move an object of I kilogram mass to a height of I metre. Also called a newton-metre.

Joule's law n: a law that states that the number of units of heat that develop in a

circuit is proportional to the circuit's resistance, to the square of the strength of the current, and to the time that the current lasts.

Joule- Thomson effect n: the change in gas temperature that occurs when the gas is expanded adiabatically from a higher pressure to a lower pressure. The effect for most gases, except hydrogen and helium, is a cooling of the gas.

journal n: the part of a rotating shaft that turns in a bearing.

journal angle n: the angle formed by lines perpendicular to the axis of the journal and the axis of the bit. Also called pin angle.

journal bearing n: a machine part in which a rotating shaft (a journal) revolves or slides.

Also called a plain bearing.

J-slot n: a type of mechanism in a packer or a tool in which tubing rotation moves the tool's mandrel through a series of motions, similar to a letter J, to set and release the tool.

J-tool n: a sleeve receptacle that has a fitted male element and pins that fit into milled J-shaped slots of the sleeve. The short sides of the J-slots provide a shoulder for supporting weight on the pins of the male element. When the male element is lowered and turned relative to the sleeve, the pins slide in the slot toward the long side of the J, which is open-ended. The pins may thus be raised out, releasing weight that may be supported by the sleeve. The releasing procedure is called "unjaying the tool."

J-tube method n: a method for joining a pipeline to a subsea riser on a platform. In the J-tube method. the pipe is lifted off the ocean floor when it reaches the platform and is then fed up to the surface through a guide tube. During this process, the pipe assumes a J configuration. Compare reverse J-tube method.

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judicial determination 111 junk sub

judicial determination n: see judicial transfer.

judicial transfer n: transfer by the court of an interest or of interests in real property.

When ownership of land is concerned, a judicial transfer usually involves the appointment of a receiver by the court. The receiver can then act, for example, to execute an oil and gas lease on the property. The citation may arise when the landowner is missing or unknown, after foreclosures, or after tax sales. Also called judicial determination.

jug n: see geophone.

jug hustler n: (slang) the member of a seismograph crew who places the geophones.

jumbo burner n: a flare for burning waste gas when the volume of gas is very small or when no market is readily available.

jumbo tank cars n pi: tank cars having capacities of 30,000 gallons (114 cubic metres) or more. Standard tank cars have a apacity of 10,000 to 11,000 gals (38 to 42 cubic metres).

junior orifice fitting n: a one-piece orifice fitting without flanges.

junk n: metal debris lost in a hole. Junk may be a lost bit, pieces of a bit, milled pieces of pipe, wrenches, or any relatively small object that impedes drilling or completion and must be fished out of the hole. v: to abandon (as a nonproductive well).

junk basket n: a device made up on the bottom of the fishing string to catch and retrieve pieces of junk from the bottom of the hole.

junk boot n: see boot sub.

junk cement n: a quantity of cement that is , left over after an adequate amount of cement has been pumped into a well during a cement job.

junk mill: a mill used to grind up junk in he hole. See mill.

junk pusher n: a scraper device run below retainers or packers to clean away debris from casing ID.

junk retriever n: a special tool made up on the bottom of the drill stem to pick up junk from the bottom of the hole. Most junk retrievers are designed with ports that allow drilling fluid to exit the tool a short distance off the bottom. This flow of fluid creates an area of low pressure inside the tool so that the junk is lifted and caught in the retriever by the higher pressure outside the tool. See junk, junk basket.

junk shot n: an explosive charge detonated in the borehole to break up large pieces of junk in order to facilitate the junk's removal from the hole.

junk sub n: see boot sub.

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