coke 38 commercial propane
2. a boot, or flume
cone n: a conical-shaped metal device into which cutting teeth are formed or mounted on a roller cone bit. See roller cone bit.
cone bit n: a roller bit in which the cutters are conical. See bit.
cone offset n: the amount by which lines drawn through the centre of each cone of a bit fail to meet in the centre of the bit. For example, in a roller cone bit with three cones, three lines can be drawn through the centre of each cone and extended to the centre of the bit If these cone centrelines do not meet in the bit's centre, the coles are said to be offset In general, bits designed for drilling soft formations have more offset than cones for hard formations, because offset affects the angle at which the bit teeth contact the formation. Since soft formations require a gouging and scraping action by bit teeth, high offset achieves the necessary action.
cone-roof tank n: a tank with a fixed conical roof.
cone shake n: shaking or vibrating of the cones of a bit that occurs when the bit bearings are worn.
cone shell n: that part of the cone of a Toner cone bit out of which the teeth are milled or into which tungsten carbide inserts are placed and inside of which the bearings are housed.
cone skidding n: locking of a cone on a roller cone bit so that it will not turn when the bit is rotating. Cone skidding results in the flattening of the surface of the cone in contact with the bottom of the hole.
confirmation well n: the second producer in a new field, following the discovery well.
conformable adj: layered in parallel and unbroken rows of rock, indicating that no disturbance occurred during deposition of the rock. Compare unconformity.
congl abbr: conglomerate; used in drilling reports.
conglomerate n: a sedimentary rock composed of pebbles of various sizes held together by a cementing material such as clay. Conglomerates are similar to sandstone but are composed mostly of grains more than 2 millimetres (0.08 inch) in diameter. Most conglomerates are found in discontinuous, thin, isolated layers; they are not very abundant. In common usage, the term
"conglomerate" is restricted to coarse sedimentary rock with rounded grains;
conglomerates made up of sharp, angular fragments are called breccia.
conical angle n: the angle of the cone of a bit. This angle may be steep, in which case the cone has a sharp taper, or it may be shallow, in which case the cone has a flatter taper.
conical drilling unit (CDU) n: a drilling structure whose base is shaped like a truncated (cut off) cone. It is designed for drilling in offshore arctic waters, where moving ice can damage the structure. The cone shape helps deflect the ice around the base and keep it intact
coning n: the encroachment of reservoir water or gas into the oil column and well because of production. The water or gas tends to rise near the well bore and assume a conical shape.
connate water n: water retained in the pore spaces, or interstices, of a formation from the time the formation was created. Compare interstitial water:
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connecting rod 42 continuous steam injection
connecting rod n: 1. a forged-metal shaft that joins the piston of an engine to the crank-shaft. 2. the metal shaft that is joined to the bull gear and crosshead of a mud pump.
connecting rod bearing n: the bearing between the rod and the crankshaft. Often called the rod bearing.
connection n: 1. a section of pipe or fitting used to join pipe to pipe or to a vessel. 2. a place in electrical circuits where wires join. 3.
the action of adding a joint of pipe to the drill stem as drilling progresses.
connection gas n: the relatively small amount of gas enters a well when the mud pump is stopped for a connection to be made. Since bottomhole pressure decreases when the pump is stopped, gas may enter the well.
connector link n: in roller chain, a type of link used to make a continuous loop of chain by connecting the two ends of the chain. The connector link is a pin link with either a spring clip or a cotter to hold the pins.
conservation n: preservation; economy;
avoidance of waste. It is especially important in the petroleum industry, since the amount of oil and gas is finite. Many conservation practices, such as the trapping of condensable vapours, are used in the industry.
Conservation Award for Respecting the Environment (CARE) program n: an MMS award program that recognises and champions exemplary actions and accomplishments by private companies engaged in offshore energy development that support the broader conservation and environmental goals of the nation, the Department of the Interior, and the coastal states.
consideration n: a promise or an act of legal value bargained for and received in return for a promise; an essential element of a contract.
In oil and gas leases, consideration may be payment in money or in kind; it must often be
“serious” consideration. Compare bonus consideration.
consistency n: the cohesion of the individual particles of a given materal (i.e., its ability to deform or its resistance to flow).
consistometer n: a thickening-time tester with a stirring appratus to measure the relative thickening time for mud or cement slurries under predetermined temperatures and pressures.
Console n: see driller’s consoel.
Consolidation n: the process by which sand or other loose materials become firm.
constant choke-pressure method n: a method of killing a well that has kicked, in which the choke size is adjusted to maintain a constant casing pressure. This method does not work unless the kick is all or nearly all salt water. If the kick is gas, this method will not maintain a constant bottomhole
pressure, because gas expands as it rises in the annulus. In any case, it is not a recommended well-control procedure.
constant pit-level method n: a method of killing a well in which the mud level in the pits is held constant while the choke size is reduced and the pump speed slowed. It is not effective, and therefore is not recommended, because casing pressure increases to the point at which the formation fractures or the casing ruptures, and control of the well is lost.
construction n: in contract law, the interpretation given by a court of competent jurisdiction – for example, an interpretation of a possibly ambiguous instrument or statute.
consultant n: a person who contracts with an oil company to supervise the operations at a drilling site or well site and to coordinate the hiring of logging, testing, service, and workover companies
contact n: 1. In geology, any sharp or well-defined boundary between two different bodies of rock. 2. A bedding plane or unconformity that separtaes formations.
contact angle n: the angle formed when two immiscible fluids meet a solid surface. For example, in a reservoir where water contacts a grain of sand or rock, it conforms to the shape of the solid and its angle of contact is at or near zero. Because of surface tension, any oil in the area does not conform to the shape of the water and grain; instead, the oil surrounds the wet grain and produces angles at the point of contact between the oil and the water.
contact area n: the gas-oil or oil-water interface in a reservoir.
contact log n: any log in which the logging sonde must be put into contact with the walls of the hole or casing to obtain the log.
contact metamorphism n: a type of metamorphism that occurs when an intruded body of molten igneous rock changes the rocks immediately around it, primarily ny heating and by chemical alteration.
contact metamorphism n: a type of metamorphism that occurs when an intruded body of molten igneous rock changes the rocks immediately around it, primarily by heating and by chemical alteration.
contactor n: 1. a vessel or piece of equipment in which two or more substances are brought together. 2. a switch used to open or close an electric circuit.
contaminant n: a material, usually a mud component, that becomes mixed with cement slurry during displacement and that affects it adversely.
continental drift n: according to a theory proposed by Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, in 1910, the migration of continents across the ocean floor like rafts drifting at sea. Compare plate tectonics.
continental margin n: a zone that separates emergent continents from the deep sea bottom.
continenetal rise n: the transition zone between the continental slope and the oceanic abyss.
continental shelf n: a zone, adjacent ot a continent, that extends from the lower waterline to the continental slope, the point at which the seafloor begins to slope off steeply into the oceanic abyss.
continental slope n: a zone of steep, variable topography forming a transition from the continental shelf edge to the ocean basin.
continuous development clause n: in an oil and gas lease, a clause designed to keep drilling operations going steadily after the primary term has expired. In some clauses, designated intervals between completion of one well and commencement of the drilling of another may require the operator to develop the leased land up to its allowable density.
continuous flowmeter log n: a log used to determine the contribution of each zone to the total production or injection. These sureys are used to indicate chages in the flow pattern versus changes in conditions at the suface, in time, in type of operation, or after stimulation treatments; particularly useful for measuring gas well flow.
continuous flow-responsive sampler n: a sampler that automatically adjusts the quantity of sample in proportion to the rate of flow.
continuous line sampling n: see automatic sampling.
continuous phase n: the liquid in which solids are suspended or droplets of another liquid are dispersed, sometimes called the external phase. In a water-in-oil emulsion, oil is the continuous phase. Compare internal phase.
continuous sample n: a pipeline sample that is withdrawn in a uniform and continuous rate or in one or more increments per minute.
continuous spinner flowmeter n: a produciton log used to determine which of several zones contributes the most to the total production or, in the case of an injection well, which zone is receiving the most injected fluids.
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continuous steam injection 43 converter
continuous steam injection n: see steam drive.
continuous time-cycle sampler n: a sampler that transfers equal increments of oil from the pipeline to the sample container at a uniform rate.
continuous treatment n: in corrosion control, the constant injection of small quantities of chemical corrosion inhibitors into the lines of a production system.
contour map n: a map constructed with continuous lines connecting points of equal value, such as elevation, formation thickness, and rock porosity.
contract n: a written agreement that can be enforced by law and that lists the terms under which the acts required are to be per- formed. A drilling contract covers such factors as the cost of drilling the well (whether by the foot or by the day), the distribution of expenses between operator and contractor, and the type of equipment to be used.
contract carrier n: a facility that voluntarily provides its services to others on a private contractual basis.
contract demand n: the amount of gas a seller agrees to deliver on a periodic (daily, monthly, annually) basis in accordance with a service agreement. The buyer need not take this maximum quantity during the applicable period.
contract depth n: the depth of the wellbore at which a drilling contract is fulfilled.
contracted reserves n pi: natural gas reserves dedicated to the fulfillment of gas purchase contracts.
contract market n: oldest system for trading oil. Suppliers offer long-term contracts to customers with the contracts specifying all terms except price, which is fixed at the time of sale.
contract maximum quantity n: the maximum quantity of gas the seller is required to make available to the purchaser during a specified period under terms of a gas sales contract.
contract minimum quantity n: the minimum quantity of gas the seller is required to make available to the purchaser during a specified period under terms of a gas sales contract.
contractor n: see drilling contractor:
contract volume n: quantity of gas based on measurement conditions and procedures specified in a gas sales contract.
control board n: a panel on which are grouped various control devices such as switches and levers, along with indicating instruments.
control chart n: a chart of successive meter factors (or relative meter errors) generally plotted as a function of time. Used to evaluate meter stability and to determine when meter performance has departed from its normal range.
control head n: a special blowout preventer used in snubbing.
controlled aggregation n: a condition in which clay platelets remain stacked by a polyvalent cation, such as calcium, and are deflocculated by use of a thinner.
controlled directional drilling n: see directional drilling.
controller n: an electric device used for governing the power that goes to an apparatus to which it is connected.
control line n: a small hydraulic line used to run fluid from the surface to a downhole tool, such as a subsurface safety valve.
control panel n: switches and devices to start. stop, measure, monitor, or signal what is taking place.
control pod n: see hydraulic control pod.
control rack n: on a diesel engine, the rack- and-pinion gear that allows the engine operator to regulate the amount of fuel the injector forces into the combustion chamber of the engine. See rack-and-pinion gear.
control valve n: a valve designed to regulate the flow or pressure of a fluid.
control well n: a well previously drilled in an area of drilling interest, the data from which may be a reliable source of information in the planning of a new well.
conventional chart n: a circular paper or lightweight plastic chart on which circular graduations are printed and on which a pen or stylus draws a recording indicating the quantities being measured. Conventional charts have a uniform scale in that minor graduations are spaced an equal distance between major graduations.
conventional completion n: a method for completing a well in which tubing is set inside 4.5-inch (1.4-centimetre) or larger casing.
Compare miniaturised completion.
conventional coupling n: piping configuration that uses ten diameters of straight full pipe upstream of a meter and straightening vanes;
the downstream contains five or more full pipe diameters.
Conventional Electric Log n: an electric log in which current flow in the logging tool was dispersed through the mud in the wellbore prior to entering the formation. As a result, formation resistivity measurements were often inaccurate. These logs are no longer used.
conventional gas-lift mandrel n: see gas- lift mandrel.
conventional gravel pack n: a type of gravel pack in which the well's production packer is removed and a service packer is run in with the gravel pack assembly. After packing, the service tool is retrieved and the production packer rerun.
conventional mud n: a drilling fluid containing essentially clay and water; no special or expensive chemicals or conditioners are added.
conventional pollutants n pi: those air pollutants that fall under NAAQS:
particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and sulphur dioxide.
Sometimes called criteria pollutants.
conventional pump n: see fixed pump.
conventional river crossing n: a waterway crossing in which pipeline construction techniques similar to those on land are used.
In a conventional crossing, the route is graded and ditched; the pipe is welded, tested, and pulled across the stream; and then the pipe is tied in on each side to the cross-country line.
conventional rotating system n: the rotary drilling system that uses a conventional swivel, a kelly, a kelly drive bushing, a master bushing, and a rotary table to turn the drill stem and bit. Compare top drive.
conventional tank n: a tank of a shape commonly used in the petroleum industry. It is not constructed to withstand any appreciable pressure or vacuum in the vapour space; it may, therefore, be gauged directly through an open hatch.
convergence pressure n: the pressure at a given temperature for a hydrocarbon system of fixed composition at which the vapour-liquid equilibrium values of the various components in the system become or tend to become unified. The convergence pressure is used to adjust vapour-liquid equilibrium values to the particular system under consideration.
conversion n: the change in the chemistry of a mud from one type to another. Reasons for making a conversion may be (1) to maintain a stable well bore, (2) to provide a mud that will tolerate higher weight, or density, (3) to drill soluble formations, or (4) to protect producing zones. Also called a breakover.
converter n: a device for changing alternating current to direct current or vice versa; usually, if the device changes AC to DC, it is called a rectifier.
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