Analysis of problems with dry fermentation process for biogas production

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS WITH DRY FERMENTATION PROCESS

FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Peter PILÁT

1. INTRODUCTION

_{, Marek PATSCH, Jozef J$1'$ý.$}

Abstract:The technology of dry anaerobic fermentation is still meeting with some scepticism, and therefore in most biogas plants are used wet fermentation technology. Fermentation process would be not complete without an optimal controlled condition: dry matter content, density, pH, and in particular the reaction temperature. If is distrust of dry fermentation eligible it was on the workplace of the Department of Power Engineering at University of Zilina built an experimental small-scale biogas station that allows analysis of optimal parameters of the dry anaerobic fermentation, in particular, however, affect the reaction temperature on yield and quality of biogas.

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þ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI IHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUIRUGU\IHUPHQWDWLRQZKLFKLVUHDOL]HGZLWKILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIURP WKH6FLHQWLILF*UDQW$JHQF\9(*$RI0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG6$96ORYDNDFDGHP\RI 6FLHQFHV¶ RQ WKH ZRUNSODFH RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 3RZHU (QJLQHHULQJ DW 8QLYHUVLW\ RI =LOLQD ZDV EXLOW DQ H[SHULPHQWDO VPDOOVFDOH ELRJDV VWDWLRQ 2XU DLPLV WR PHDVXUH WKH LPSDFW RI IHUPHQWDWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH LQVLGH WKH IHUPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVVHV LQ ELRJDV SURGXFWLRQLQRUGHUWRDFKLHYHPD[LPXP\LHOGRIKLJKTXDOLW\ELRJDV

_{,QJ3HWHU3LOiWHPDLOSHWHUSLODW#IVWURMXQL]DVN}

_{,QJ0DUHN3DWVFKHPDLOPDUHNSDWVFK#IVWURMXQL]DVN}

_{SURI,QJ-R]HI-DQGDþND3K'HPDLO-R]HIMDQGDFND#IVWURMXQL]DVN}

.DWHGUDHQHUJHWLFNHMWHFKQLN\6WURMQtFNDIDNXOWDä8YäLOLQH 8QLYHU]LWQiäLOLQDWHO

2. EXPERIMENTAL FERMENTATION REACTORS

([SHULPHQWDOIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUVKDYHDUHFWDQJXODUVKDSH,QWHUQDOGLPHQVLRQVRIWKH ERWWRP IHUPHQWDWLRQ UHDFWRUV DUH [ PP DQG PP KHLJKW 7KLV JLYHV DQ LQWHUQDO YROXPH DERXW FXELF PHWHUV :LWKLQ WKLV VSDFH LV SODFHG LQ SURFHVVHG PDWHULDO7RHQVXUHXQLIRUPKHDWLQJRIWKHVXEVWUDWHWKURXJKRXWWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRU LV EHWZHHQ WKH LQQHU DQG RXWHU FRDW GHVLJQHG JXLGH ULVLQJ KHOL[ 7KLV KHOL[ ZLOO HQVXUH VPRRWK IORZ RIKHDWLQJ ZDWHU DFURVV WKH ZDOOV RI WKH IHUPHQWDWLRQ UHDFWRU 7KLV VKRXOG HQVXUH D XQLIRUP WHPSHUDWXUH WKURXJKRXW WKH IHUPHQWDWLRQ UHDFWRU LQ ZDWHU FRDW DQG WKXVVXLWDEOHWHPSHUDWXUHFRQGLWLRQVIRUWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQSURFHVV7KHLQSXWKHDWSRZHU LV PHDVXUHG E\ FDORULPHWULF PHWKRG ZKHUH WKH LQSXW DQG RXWSXW WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH UHDFWRUZDVPHDVXUHGE\SUREHV37DQGIORZE\IORZPHWHU<RNRJDZD

3. FULFILLMENT OF FERMENTATION REACTORS

$WILOOLQJRIWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRULVQHFHVVDU\WRDFKLHYHWKHRSWLPDOVWUXFWXUHRIWKH YROXPH RI WKH SURFHVVHG VXEVWUDWH UHVSHFWLYHO\ LWV GHQVLW\ 6XLWDEOH UDQJH LV W R NJÂP_{,QWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIPDL]HVLODJHRI0DUFKGHQVLW\RIFRUQVLODJH}

IHUPHQWDWLRQLQERWKUHDFWRUVUHDFKHGDERXWNJÂP_{(DFKIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUZDV}

ILOOHGZLWKDERXWNJRIFRUQVLODJH

4. THE DRY MATTER CONTENT IN THE TREATED SUBSTRATE

,I QHFHVVDU\ DGMXVWLQJ WKH EXON VWUXFWXUH RI WKH VXEVWUDWH LV SRVVLEOH WR XVH VWUDZ RU PDVK%\YROXPHLQFUHDVLQJLVDYRLGLQJFUHDWLRQRILQKLELWRUVZKLFKQHJDWLYHO\DIIHFWRQ PLFURRUJDQLVPHJDPPRQLXP9ROXPHLQFUHDVHLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWRFUHDWHVSDFHIRU YHQWLODWLRQRIWKHSURFHVVHGELRJDVVXEVWUDWHDQGLWVDFFXPXODWLRQLQWKHXSSHUSDUW RI WKHIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRU%XONVWUXFWXUHKDVDQLPSDFWRQELRORJLFDOSURFHVVHVLQGHSWK SURILOHRIWKHSURFHVVHGVXEVWUDWH2SWLPXPGU\PDWWHUXVXDOO\YDULHVGHSHQGLQJRQWKH VXEVWUDWHWREHSURFHVVHGEHWZHHQWR+XPLGLW\UHVSHFWLYHO\GU\PDWWHUFRQWHQW RIFRUQVLODJHZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\GU\LQJ/LEUD5$':$*:366;0HDVXUHGPRLVWXUH FRQWHQWRIFRUQVLODJHZDVLWPHDQVGU\PDWWHUFRQWHQWZDV%HFDXVH FRUQ VLODJH FRQWDLQV QR PHWKDQH EDFWHULD WK $SULO LQ HDFK IHUPHQWDWLRQ UHDFWRU ZHUHDGGHGDERXWOLWUHVRIVOXUU\ZKLFKZDVSUHSDUHGE\PL[LQJIUHVKFRZPDQXUH IURP5'9LãĖRYpLQZDUPZDWHU$IWHUILOOLQJERWKIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUVZHUHVHDOHGOLGV DQGWKXVEHJDQWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQSURFHVV

5. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CORN SILAGE

âW~UDDFFUHGLWHGWHVWLQJODERUDWRU\LQ6SLãVNi1RYi9HV5HVXOWVRIFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVRI FRUQVLODJHLQGLFDWHGLQ7DEOH&KHPLFDOR[\JHQGHPDQGZDVQRWDQDO\]HG5HJDUGLQJ WKHUDWLRRIQLWURJHQDQGSKRVSKRUXVLWVYDOXHLV7KHUHFRPPHQGHGYDOXHIRUWKLV UDWLRRILVDERXWWLPHVKLJKHU7KHUDWLRRIFDUERQDQGQLWURJHQLVYDOXHDERXW (YHQLQ WKLV FDVH WKH UHFRPPHQGHG YDOXH RI UDWLR H[FHHGHG 'HILFLHQF\ RI QLWURJHQ LQ FRUQVLODJHZDVHOLPLQDWHGE\DGGLQJRIPDQXUHWRWKHFRUQVLODJH%\WKLVLVYDOXHRI& 1UDWLRFORVHUWRUHFRPPHQGHGUDWLR

6. START OF THE FERMENTATION REACTOR HEATING

*LYHQ WR WKH FRQGLWLRQVLQ WKHODERUDWRU\ DUHDV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK KLJK GXVWOHYHOV GXHWR UHSDLUZLULQJIDXOWLWZDVQRWSRVVLEOHWRUXQDQH[SHULPHQWDOELRJDVSODQWDWPHVRSKLOLF FRQGLWLRQV7HPSHUDWXUHVLQVLGHWKHUHDFWRUFRUUHVSRQGWRSV\FKURSKLOLFFRQGLWLRQV ƒ&2QUG_{PD\VWDUWHGKHDWLQJRIERWKIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUV,QWKHVHFRQGDU\}

FLUFXLW WKURXJK D WKHUPRVWDWLF KHDWHU NHSW WKH WHPSHUDWXUH DERXW ƒ& 5XQQLQJ RI WHPSHUDWXUHVGXULQJIHUPHQWDWLRQDQGIHUPHQWDWLRQSURGXFWLRQLQERWKUHDFWRUVLVVKRZQ LQ)LJXUHUHVSHFWLYHO\)LJXUH

Table 1: Chemical analysis of corn silage

7KH RULJLQDO FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH VDPSOH

FRQWDLQLQJZDWHU DQK\GURXVVDPSOHV

3DUDPHWHU &RQWHQWV>@ 3DUDPHWHU &RQWHQWV>@

7RWDOZDWHU:U 3KRVSKRUXV3G

$VK$U $VK$G

7RWDOVXOIXU6U 7RWDOVXOIXU6G &DUERQ&U &DUERQ&G

+\GURJHQ+U +\GURJHQ+G

1LWURJHQ1U 1LWURJHQ1G

Figure 2: Course of temperature during fermentation and gas production in the reactor B

Figure 3: The content of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the reactor A

Figure 4: The content of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the reactor B

7. CONCLUSION

WKHVWDUWRIWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQSURFHVVKDVVKRZQWKDWGLVWUXVWRIGU\IHUPHQWDWLRQLVTXLWH MXVWLILHG 5XQ WKH IHUPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVV LV QRW HDV\ DVZ HOO DVLWV PDLQWHQDQFH ,Q RXU FDVHWKHSUREOHPZDVWKDWLQLWLDOO\LWZDVQRWSRVVLEOHWRKHDWWKHUHDFWRUV:KHQWKLVLV UHVROYHG JDV SURGXFWLRQ KDV LQFUHDVHG EXW DIWHU D IHZ GD\V ZDV DJDLQ GHFOLQLQJ %DFWHULDLQVLGH WKH UHDFWRU DUHYHU\ VHQVLWLYHWR WHPSHUDWXUH FKDQJHV DQG WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH RI DE RXW ƒ& SHU GD\ FRXOG FDXVH WKH FHVVDWLRQ RI IHUPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVVHV ,W VKRZVWKDWYHU\LPSRUWDQWLVWKHSUHVVXUHLQIHUPHQWDWLRQUHDFWRUV+LJKJDVSUHVVXUH LQVLGH WKH IHUPHQWLQJ UHDFWRU QHJDWLYHHIIHFW RQ PHWKDQH EDFWHULD DQG VORZV GRZQ WKH IRUPDWLRQRIPHWKDQH$WSUHVHQWDIWHUWKHQHZLQRFXODWLRQZDVODXQFKHGIHUPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVVDJDLQDWKLJKHUYROXPHRIPHWKDQH

8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

7KLVDUWLFOHZDVFUHDWHGZLWKLQWKHSURMHFW9(*$

9. REFERENCES